Isitofu sokugonya i-Hepatitis B: Yonke into ekufuneka uyazi

Umxholo

• Yintoni ihepatitis B?
• Ugonyo lwe-hepatitis B
• Ngubani omele afumane isitofu sokugonya i-HBV?
• Ngubani ongafanele afumane isitofu sokugonya i-hepatitis B?
• Lisebenza kangakanani iyeza lokugonya?
• Iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zokugonya i-Hepatitis B
• Lukhuseleke kangakanani ugonyo lwe-hepatitis B?
• Imbonakalo

Yintoni ihepatitis B?

I-Hepatitis B sisifo esosuleleka kakhulu esibangelwa yintsholongwane ye-hepatitis B (HBV). Usulelo lungaqala kubukhali ukusuka ekubeni mnene okanye lube buhlungu, luhlale iiveki nje ezimbalwa ukuya kwimeko embi, engapheliyo yezempilo.

Eyona ndlela yokuthintela usulelo kukufumana isitofu sokugonya i-hepatitis B. Nantsi into ekufuneka uyazi:

Ugonyo lwe-hepatitis B

Isitofu sokugonya i-hepatitis B-ngamanye amaxesha esaziwa ngegama lorhwebo i-Recombivax HB-sisetyenziselwa ukuthintela olu sulelo. Iyeza linikezelwa ngeedosi ezintathu.

Idosi yokuqala inokuthathwa ngomhla okhethileyo. Idosi yesibini kufuneka ithathwe emva kwenyanga enye. Idosi yesithathu neyokugqibela kufuneka ithathwe kwiinyanga ezintandathu emva kwethamo lokuqala.

Abafikisayo abakwiminyaka eli-11 ukuya kweli-15 ubudala banokulandela irejimeni yethamo ezimbini.

Ngubani omele afumane isitofu sokugonya i-HBV?

Kucetyiswa ukuba abantwana bafumane isitofu sokugonya sokuqala se-hepatitis B ekuzalweni kwaye bagqibe amathamo ngeenyanga ezi-6 ukuya kwezi-18 ubudala. Nangona kunjalo, isitofu sokugonya i-HBV sisacetyiswa kubo bonke abantwana ukuba abakayifumani, ukususela ebusaneni ukuya kwiminyaka eli-19 ubudala. Uninzi lwamazwe ase-US afuna isitofu sokugonyelwa i-hepatitis B sokwamkelwa esikolweni, nangona kunjalo.

Kukwacetyiswa ukuba abantu abadala babeke emngciphekweni wokubamba usulelo lwe-HBV, okanye nabani na owoyikayo abanako okanye oza kubhencwa kulo kungekudala.

Isitofu sokugonya se-HBV sikhuselekile nokuba singanikwa abasetyhini abakhulelweyo.

Ngubani ongafanele afumane isitofu sokugonya i-hepatitis B?

Ngokubanzi kubonwa njengesitofu esikhuselekileyo, kukho iimeko ezithile apho oogqirha bacebisa ngokuchasene nokufumana isitofu sokugonya se-HBV. Akufanele ube nogonyo lwe-hepatitis B ukuba:

• uye waba negalelo elibi kakhulu kwithamo langaphambili logonyo lwe-hepatitis B
• Unembali yoxinzelelo lwegwele okanye kuwo nawaphi na amanye amacandelo okugonya
• ufumana ukugula okuphakathi okanye okuqatha

Ukuba ngaba ngoku ugula, kuya kufuneka uhlehlise ukufumana isitofu de imeko yakho ibe ngcono.

Lisebenza kangakanani iyeza lokugonya?

Uphando oluvela ku-2016 lubonise ukuba iyeza lokugonya liphumela kukhuseleko lwexesha elide ngokuchasene nentsholongwane. Izifundo zibonise ukukhuselwa ubuncinci iminyaka engama-30 phakathi kwabantu abagonywe abasempilweni abaqale ukugonyelwa i-hepatitis B ngaphambi kokuba babe neenyanga ezintandathu ubudala.

Iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zokugonya i-Hepatitis B

Njengawo nawaphi na amayeza, iyeza lokugonya i-hepatitis B linokubangela iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga. Uninzi lwabantu alunazo naziphi na iziphumo ezingafunekiyo. Olona phawu luqhelekileyo yingalo ebuhlungu evela kwindawo yenaliti.

Xa ufumana ugonyo, uyakufumana ulwazi okanye incwadana malunga neziphumo ebezingalindelekanga onokuzilindela, kunye nezinye ezifuna unyango.

Iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezinobulali zihlala zihlala kuphela. Iziphumo ezinobungozi zesitofu sokugonya zibandakanya:

• ubomvu, ukudumba, okanye ukurhawuzelela kwindawo yenaliti
• indawo emfusa okanye iqhuma kwindawo yenaliti
• intloko ebuhlungu
• isiyezi
• ukudinwa
• ukucaphuka okanye ukuphazamiseka, ngakumbi ebantwaneni
• umqala obuhkungu
• impumlo egudileyo okanye exineneyo
• Umkhuhlane we-100ºF okanye ngaphezulu
• isicaphucaphu

Ukufumana ezinye iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga kunqabile. Ukuba ufumana ezi zinto zinqabileyo, zinemiphumela emibi kakhulu, kuya kufuneka ubize ugqirha wakho. Ziquka:

• umqolo obuhlungu
• ukungaboni kakuhle okanye olunye utshintsho lombono
• Ukugodola
• ukudideka
• ukuqhina
• urhudo
• ubunzima bokuphefumla okanye ukugwinya
• ukudinwa okanye ukukhanya xa usuka ngequbuliso kwindawo yokulala okanye yokuhlala
• urticaria okanye ukwenyuka okwenzeka kwiintsuku okanye iiveki emva kokufumana isitofu sokugonya
• ukurhawuzelela, ngakumbi iinyawo okanye izandla
• intlungu edibeneyo
• Ukuphelelwa ngumdla wokutya
• isicaphucaphu okanye ukugabha
• Ukuba ndindisholo okanye ukurhawuzelela iingalo nemilenze
• ubomvu obomvu kwesikhumba, ngakumbi ezindlebeni, ebusweni, entanyeni okanye kwiingalo
• iintshukumo zokuthimba
• irhashalala
• ukozela okanye ukozela ngokungaqhelekanga
• ukungalali
• ukuqina okanye iintlungu entanyeni okanye egxalabeni
• isisu esibuhlungu okanye iintlungu
• ukubila
• ukudumba kwamehlo, ubuso, okanye ngaphakathi kwempumlo
• ukudinwa okungaqhelekanga okanye ubuthathaka
• ukuhla ukusinda

Iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zokugonya i-Hepatitis B ziyahluka ukusuka komnye umntu ukuya kolandelayo. Ukuba uneempawu zokungalungeli komzimba, buyela kugqirha ngoko nangoko. Naziphi na iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ozifumanayo zinokufuna unyango, ngoko ke biza ugqirha wakho ukuba axoxe ngazo naziphi na iinguqulelo ezingaqhelekanga zomzimba emva kokufumana isitofu sokugonya.

Lukhuseleke kangakanani ugonyo lwe-hepatitis B?

Ngokuka, iingozi ezinokubangelwa yintsholongwane ye-hepatitis B zinkulu kakhulu kuneengozi zokugonya.

Oko kwafumaneka iyeza lokugonya ngo-1982, abantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezili-100 bafumene iyeza lokugonya i-HBV e-United States. Akukho ziphumo zisongela ubomi ezixeliweyo.

Imbonakalo

Isitofu sokugonya i-hepatitis B sibonelela ngaphezulu kweentsana, abantwana kunye nabantu abadala abagonywe ngawo onke amathamo amathathu ngaphambi kokuvezwa kwintsholongwane.

Ukuba ugqirha wakho ucebisa ukuba ufumane isitofu sokugonya se-HBV, baziva ngathi nayiphi na ingozi yokugonya iyodlula kakhulu ingozi yokufumana i-hepatitis B. iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga kwaphela.