I-Hepatosplenomegaly: Into ekufuneka uyazi

Umxholo

• Iindima zesibindi kunye nodakada
• Iimpawu
• Oonobangela kunye nemingcipheko
• Usulelo
• Izifo zeHematological
• Izifo zeMetabolic
• Ezinye iimeko
• Ebantwaneni
• Uxilongo
• Iingxaki
• Unyango
• Imbonakalo
• Uthintelo

Ushwankathelo

I-Hepatosplenomegaly (HPM) sisifo apho isibindi kunye nokudumba kudumba ngaphezu kobukhulu obuqhelekileyo, ngenxa yezizathu ezininzi.

Igama lale meko- hepatosplenomegaly- livela kumagama amabini ayenzayo:

• hepatomegaly: ukudumba okanye ukwandiswa kwesibindi
• i-splenomegaly: ukudumba okanye ukwandiswa kwepeni

Ayizizo zonke iimeko ze-HPM ezinzima. Ezinye zinokucaciswa ngongenelelo oluncinci. Nangona kunjalo, i-HPM inokubonisa ingxaki enkulu, enje ngengxaki yokugcina lysosomal okanye umhlaza.

Iindima zesibindi kunye nodakada

Isibindi sineendima ezahlukeneyo kubandakanya ukukhupha igazi lakho, ukuhlanganisa iiproteni kunye nokulwa nosulelo. Inenxalenye ephambili ekuveliseni zombini ii-amino acid kunye neetyuwa ze-bile.

Umzimba wakho ufuna isinyithi ukuvelisa iiseli ezibomvu zegazi, kunye neenkqubo zesibindi sakho kunye nokugcina isinyithi. Mhlawumbi eyona nto idume kakhulu kwindima yesibindi kukuqhubekeka kwenkunkuma yomzimba wakho, enokuthi emva koko ikhutshwe.

Ipeni lelinye lamalungu omzimba wakho, ubukhulu becala, angaqondwa ngabantu abaninzi. I-spleen inendawo ebalulekileyo kwi-immune system yakho. Inceda ekuchongeni ii-pathogen, eziyintsholongwane, intsholongwane, okanye ii-microorganisms ezinokubangela izifo. Emva koko yenza ii-antibodies zokulwa nazo.

Udakada lwakho lucoca igazi kwaye lwenziwe ngomgubo obomvu nomhlophe oyimfuneko ukuvelisa nokucoca iiseli zegazi. Funda ngakumbi malunga nepeni.

Iimpawu

Abantu abane-hepatosplenomegaly banokuxela enye okanye ezingaphezulu kwezi mpawu zilandelayo:

• ukudinwa
• intlungu

Ezinye iimpawu, ezinokuba nzima, zibandakanya:

• iintlungu zesisu kummandla ongasekunene
• ukuthamba kummandla olungileyo wesisu
• isicaphucaphu nokugabha
• ukudumba kwesisu
• ifiva
• ukurhawuzelela ezingapheliyo
• i-jaundice, eboniswe ngamehlo atyheli nolusu
• Umchamo omdaka
• isitulo esinombala wodongwe

Oonobangela kunye nemingcipheko

Imiba yomngcipheko weHepatomegaly ibandakanya:

• ukutyeba kakhulu
• utywala
• umhlaza wesibindi
• hepatitis
• isifo seswekile
• cholesterol ephezulu

I-Splenomegaly ibangelwa yi-hepatomegaly malunga neepesenti ezingama-30 zexesha. Zininzi izinto ezinokubangela isifo sesibindi:

Usulelo

• hepatitis wentsholongwane egazini
• mononucleosis esosulelayo, ekwabizwa ngokuba yi-glandular fever okanye "isifo sokuncamisa" nesibangelwa yintsholongwane ka-Epstein-Barr
• i-cytomegalovirus, imeko yosapho lwe-herpes virus
• brucellosis, intsholongwane ehanjiswa kukutya okungcolileyo okanye unxibelelwano nesilwanyana esosulelekileyo
• isifo seengcongconi, isifo esisasazwa yingcongconi esinokusongela ubomi
• i-leishmaniasis, isifo esibangelwa sisidleleli I-Leishmania kwaye yasasazeka ngokulunywa yimpukane yesanti
• i-schistosomiasis, ebangelwa sisibungu esisesifubeni esosulela umchamo okanye amathumbu
• isifo septicemic, esibangelwa yi Yersinia pestis usulelo kwaye ungasongela ubomi

Izifo zeHematological

• Iingxaki ze-myeloproliferative, apho umongo wethambo uvelisa iiseli ezininzi kakhulu
• I-leukemia, okanye umhlaza womongo wethambo
• i-lymphoma, okanye i-tumor yeseli yegazi ephuma kwiiseli ze-lymphatic
• I-sickle cell anemia, isifo segazi esifa ilifa elifunyanwa ebantwaneni apho iiseli zehemoglobin zingakwaziyo ukuhambisa ioksijini
• i-thalassemia, isifo segazi esizuzwe njengelifa apho i-hemoglobin yenziwa ngokungaqhelekanga
• i-myelofibrosis, umhlaza onqabileyo womongo wethambo

Izifo zeMetabolic

• Isifo se-Niemann-Pick, isifo esibi kakhulu sokubandakanya ukuqokelelwa kwamafutha kwiiseli
• Isifo sikaGaucher, imeko yemfuza ebangela ukufumba kwamafutha kwizitho ezahlukeneyo nakwiiseli
• Isifo i-Hurler syndrome, isifo semfuza esinomngcipheko okhulayo wokufa kwangoko ngomonakalo womzimba

Ezinye iimeko

• isifo sesibindi esinganyangekiyo, kubandakanya i-hepatitis esebenzayo engapheliyo
• i-amyloidosis, inqabile, ingqokelela engaqhelekanga yeeproteni ezisongiweyo
• inkqubo lupus erythematosus, olona hlobo luqhelekileyo lwesifo se-autoimmune isifo se-lupus
• sarcoidosis, imeko apho iiseli ezikruthayo zibonakala kumalungu ahlukeneyo
• trypanosomiasis, isifo esisasazekayo esidluliselwa ngokulunywa yimpukane esulelekileyo
• ukusilela kwe-sulfatase ezininzi, ukunqongophala kwe-enzyme
• osteopetrosis, isifo esinqabileyo esifa njengelifa apho amathambo alukhuni kwaye exinene kunesiqhelo

Ebantwaneni

Izizathu eziqhelekileyo ze-hepatosplenomegaly ebantwaneni zinokushwankathelwa ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

• iintsana: iingxaki zokugcina kunye ne-thalassemia
• Iintsana: Isibindi asikwazi ukwenza i-glucocerebroside, enokuthi ikhokelele kumonakalo omkhulu kwinkqubo ye-nervous system
• abantwana abadala: isifo seengcongconi, i-kala azar, i-enteric fever, kunye ne-sepsis

Uxilongo

Olu linani leemvavanyo ugqirha anokuyalela ukuba uncede ufumanise isifo se-hepatosplenomegaly. Zezi:

• i-ultrasound, ekhuthazwa ngokuqhelekileyo emva kokuba isisu esiswini sifunyenwe ngexesha lovavanyo lomzimba
• i-CT scan, enokuthi ibonakalise isibindi esandisiweyo okanye udakada kunye namalungu angqongileyo
• Uvavanyo lwegazi, kubandakanya uvavanyo lomsebenzi wesibindi kunye novavanyo lokunqanda igazi
• Iskena seMRI sokuqinisekisa isifo emva kovavanyo lomzimba

Iingxaki

Ezona ngxaki zixhaphakileyo ze-hepatosplenomegaly zezi:

• ukopha
• igazi esitulweni
• igazi ligabhe
• ukusilela kwesibindi
• ukungcangcazela

Unyango

Unyango lwe-hepatosplenomegaly lungahluka ukusuka kumntu ukuya komnye ngokuxhomekeke kwisizathu sale meko.

Ngenxa yoko, elona khondo lilungileyo lezenzo kukuthetha nogqirha wakho malunga nokuchongwa kwesifo sakho kunye nengcebiso yonyango.

Banokucebisa:

• Ukwenza utshintsho kwindlela yokuphila ngokubonisana nogqirha wakho. Iinjongo zakho ngokubanzi kufuneka ibe kukuyeka ukusela okanye, ubuncinci, ukunciphisa ukusela kwakho utywala kangangoko; umthambo rhoqo kangangoko unako; kwaye wonwabele ukutya okusempilweni. Nazi ezinye zeengcebiso zokubambelela kwisondlo esisempilweni.
• Ukuphumla, i-hydration, kunye namayeza. Olunye usulelo oluncinci olunokubangela i-hepatosplenomegaly inokunyangwa ngokuchanekileyo ngamayeza afanelekileyo kwaye uphumle ngelixa uqinisekisa ukuba awuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni. Ukuba unesifo esosulelayo, unyango lwakho luza kuphindeka kabini: amayeza okuthomalalisa iimpawu kunye namayeza athile okususa ii-microorganism ezosulelayo.
• Unyango lomhlaza. Xa oyena nobangela ungumhlaza, ufuna unyango olufanelekileyo olunokubandakanya i-chemotherapy, i-radiotherapy, kunye notyando ukususa ithumba.
• Ukufakelwa kwesibindi. Ukuba ityala lakho libukhali, njengakwinqanaba lokugqibela le-cirrhosis, unokufuna ukufakelwa kwesibindi. Funda iinyani malunga nokufakelwa kwesibindi.

Imbonakalo

Ngenxa yezizathu ezahlukeneyo, i-hepatosplenomegaly ayinasiphumo sinye. Imeko yakho ixhomekeke kwizinto ezahlukeneyo, kubandakanya unobangela, ubuzaza, kunye nonyango olufumanayo.

I-HPM yangaphambili ifunyenwe kwaye inyangwe, ngcono. Yiya kugqirha wakho ukuba uphawula iimpawu ezingaqhelekanga okanye ukrokrela ukuba kukho into engalunganga.

Uthintelo

Kuba oonobangela be-hepatosplenomegaly bahlukahlukene kakhulu, akunakuhlala kuthintelwa. Nangona kunjalo, indlela yokuphila esempilweni inokunceda kuphela. Gwema utywala, ufumane umthambo omninzi, kwaye utye ukutya okusempilweni ukunceda ukunciphisa uninzi lomngcipheko oqhelekileyo.