Kuthetha Ukuthini ukuba yiHeterozygous?

Umxholo

• Inkcazo yeHeterozygous
• Umahluko phakathi kweheterozygous kunye ne-homozygous
• Umzekelo weHeterozygous
• Ulawulo olupheleleyo
• Ulawulo olungaphelelanga
• Ulungelelwaniso
• Uhlobo lweHeterozygous kunye nezifo
• Isifo sikaHuntington
• Isifo sikaMarfan
• IHypercholesterolemia eqhelekileyo
• Yise kude

Inkcazo yeHeterozygous

Imfuza yakho yenziwe ngeDNA. Le DNA ibonelela ngemiyalelo, emisela iimpawu ezifana nombala weenwele kunye nohlobo lwegazi.

Kukho iinguqulelo ezahlukeneyo zemfuza. Inguqulelo nganye ibizwa ngokuba yi-allele. Kuhlobo ngalunye lofuzo, uzuza njengelifa i-alleles ezimbini: enye ivela kutata wakho omzalayo kwaye enye ivela kumama wakho okuzalayo. Ngokudibeneyo, ezi alleles zibizwa ngokuba yi-genotype.

Ukuba ezi nguqulelo zimbini zahlukile, une-heterozygous genotype yolo hlobo. Umzekelo, ukuba heterozygous ngombala weenwele kunokuthetha ukuba unenwele enye ebomvu ebomvu kwaye enye ilala ngeenwele ezimdaka.

Ubudlelwane phakathi kwezi alleles zimbini buchaphazela ukuba zeziphi iimpawu ezichaziweyo. Ikwamisela nokuba zeziphi iimpawu ophethe kuzo.

Makhe sihlolisise ukuba kuthetha ukuthini i-heterozygous kunye nendima ayidlalayo kwimfuzo yakho.

Umahluko phakathi kweheterozygous kunye ne-homozygous

Uhlobo lwehomozygous genotype luchasene ne-heterozygous genotype.

Ukuba u-homozygous kuhlobo oluthile, uzuze njengelifa ii-alleles ezimbini ezifanayo. Kuthetha ukuba abazali bakho bokwenene banegalelo elifanayo.

Kule meko, unokuba ne-alleles ezimbini eziqhelekileyo okanye i-alleles ezimbini eziguqulweyo. Ukuguqulwa kwe-alleles kunokubangela isifo kwaye kuya kuxoxwa ngayo kamva. Oku kuchaphazela nokuba zeziphi iimpawu ezibonakalayo.

Umzekelo weHeterozygous

Kwi-heterozygous genotype, ii-alleles ezimbini ezahlukeneyo ziyasebenzisana. Oku kumisela indlela ezibonakaliswa ngayo iimpawu zabo.

Ngokwesiqhelo, olu nxibelelwano lusekwe kulawulo. I-allele echazwe ngamandla ibizwa ngokuba "yinto ephezulu," ngelixa enye ibizwa ngokuba yi "recessive." Oku kuphindaphindeka kugutyungelwe yeyona iphambili.

Kuxhomekeka kwindlela ugesi ophindaphindiweyo kunye noxhaphakileyo osebenzisana ngayo, i-heterozygous genotype inokubandakanya:

Ulawulo olupheleleyo

Kulawulo olupheleleyo, i-allele ephezulu ikugubungela ngokupheleleyo oko. I-allele eguqukayo ayichazwanga konke konke.

Omnye umzekelo ngumbala wamehlo, olawulwa ziijeni ezininzi. Ukuhamba ngamehlo amdaka kulawulo lwamehlo aluhlaza. Ukuba unayo nganye, uya kuba namehlo ansundu.

Nangona kunjalo, usenendawo engapheliyo yokujonga ngamehlo aluhlaza. Ukuba uvelisa kwakhona umntu onesifo esifanayo, kunokwenzeka ukuba umntwana wakho abe namehlo aluhlaza.

Ulawulo olungaphelelanga

Ulawulo olungagqitywanga lwenzeka xa i-allele ephezulu ingagqithisi enye. Endaweni yoko, bayadibana, okudala uphawu lwesithathu.

Olu hlobo lokulawula luhlala lubonwa kulwakhiwo lweenwele. Ukuba une-allele enye yeenwele ezigobileyo kunye neenwele ezithe nkqo, uya kuba neenwele ezi-wavy. Ukuvuka kukudityaniswa kweenwele ezigobileyo kunye nezithe nkqo.

Ulungelelwaniso

Ukudibanisa kwenzeka xa ii-alleles ezimbini zimelwe ngaxeshanye. Abadibani kunye, nangona. Zombini ezi mpawu zichazwe ngokulinganayo.

Umzekelo we-codominance luhlobo lwegazi lwe-AB. Kule meko, une-allele enye yohlobo lwegazi kunye nenye yohlobo B. Endaweni yokudibanisa nokwenza uhlobo lwesithathu, zombini ii-alleles zenza Zombini iintlobo zegazi. Oku kubangela uhlobo lwegazi le-AB.

Uhlobo lweHeterozygous kunye nezifo

I-allele eguqulweyo inokubangela iimeko zofuzo. Kungenxa yokuba utshintsho lutshintsha indlela iDNA ebonakaliswa ngayo.

Kuxhomekeke kwimeko, i-allele eguqulweyo inokubanamandla okanye iphindaphindwe. Ukuba ilawula, kuthetha ukuba ikopi enye eguqulweyo iyafuneka ukukhokelela kwizifo. Oku kubizwa ngokuba "sisifo esihamba phambili" okanye "isifo esiphambili."

Ukuba uyi-heterozygous yesifo esiphambili, unomngcipheko ophezulu wokukhula. Kwelinye icala, ukuba uyi-heterozygous yotshintsho oluphindaphindeneyo, awuyi kuyifumana. I-allele yesiqhelo ithatha indawo kwaye ungumphathi nje. Oku kuthetha ukuba abantwana bakho banokuyifumana.

Imizekelo yezifo eziphambili zibandakanya:

Isifo sikaHuntington

Uhlobo lwe-HTT luvelisa ukuzingela, iprotein ehambelana neeseli zemithambo-luvo kwingqondo. Utshintsho kolu luhlu lubangela isifo sikaHuntington, isifo se-neurodegenerative.

Ekubeni i-gene eguqulweyo ilawula, umntu onekopi enye kuphela uya kuba nesifo sikaHuntington. Le meko yokuqhubela phambili kwengqondo, edla ngokubonisa ebudaleni, inokubangela:

• iintshukumo ezingazibandakanyi
• imiba yeemvakalelo
• ukungazi kakuhle
• unengxaki yokuhamba, ukuthetha, okanye ukuginya

Isifo sikaMarfan

Isifo sikaMarfan sibandakanya izihlunu ezinxibelelanayo, ezinika amandla kunye nefom kulwakhiwo lomzimba. Ingxaki yemfuza inokubangela iimpawu ezinje:

• umqolo ogobele ngokungaqhelekanga, okanye i-scoliosis
• ukwanda kwengalo ethile kunye namathambo emilenze
• ukubona kwangaphambili
• iingxaki nge-aorta, engumthambo ozisa igazi elisuka entliziyweni yakho kuwo wonke umzimba wakho

Isifo sikaMarfan sinxulunyaniswa notshintsho FBN1 Uhlobo. Kwakhona, inye kuphela into eyahlukileyo eguqulweyo ekufuneka ibangele imeko.

IHypercholesterolemia eqhelekileyo

I-hypercholesterolemia eyaziwayo (FH) ivela kwii-genotypes ze-heterozygous kunye nekopi eguqulweyo IAPOB, I-LDLR, okanye I-PCSK9 Uhlobo. Kuqhelekile, kuchaphazela abantu.

I-FH ibangela amanqanaba aphezulu e-LDL e-cholesterol, eyonyusa umngcipheko wesifo se-coronary disease besebancinci.

Yise kude

Xa uyi-heterozygous yohlobo oluthile, oko kuthetha ukuba uneenguqulelo ezimbini ezahlukeneyo zolo hlobo. Eyona fom iphambili inokukufihla ngokupheleleyo, okanye banokudibana kunye. Ngamanye amaxesha, zombini ezi nguqulelo ziyavela ngaxeshanye.

Ezi zimbini zemfuza ziya kusebenzisana ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo. Ubudlelwane babo yinto elawula iimpawu zakho zomzimba, uhlobo lwegazi, nazo zonke iimpawu ezenza ukuba ube ngubani.