Ukugqithisa kweCalcium (Hypercalcemia): oonobangela, iimpawu kunye nonyango

Umxholo

• Iimpawu ezinokwenzeka
• Izizathu eziphambili zehypercalcemia
• Indlela yokuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa
• Unyango lwenziwa njani

I-Hypercalcemia ihambelana nokugqitha kwe-calcium egazini, apho isixa seminerali esingaphezulu kwe-10.5 mg / dL singqinisisiwe kuvavanyo lwegazi, olunokubonisa utshintsho kwiincindi ze-parathyroid, tumors, izifo ze-endocrine okanye ngenxa yecala iimpembelelo zamanye amayeza.

Olu tshintsho aluhlali lubangela iimpawu, okanye lubangela kuphela iimpawu ezinobumnene, ezinje ngokungabikho komdla kunye nesicaphucaphu. Nangona kunjalo, xa amanqanaba e-calcium enyuka kakhulu, ukuhlala ngaphezulu kwe-12 mg / dl, kunokubangela iimpawu ezinjengokuqhinwa, ukwanda kwenani lomchamo, ukozela, ukudinwa, intloko ebuhlungu, i-arrhythmias kunye ne-coma.

Unyango lwe-hypercalcemia luyahluka ngokwonobangela, kuthathelwa ingqalelo imeko engxamisekileyo ukuba ibangela iimpawu okanye ifikelela kwixabiso le-13 mg / dl. Njengendlela yokunciphisa amanqanaba e-calcium, ugqirha unokubonisa ukusetyenziswa kwe-serum emthanjeni kunye namayeza afana ne-diuretics, i-calcitonin okanye i-bisphosphonates, umzekelo.

Iimpawu ezinokwenzeka

Nangona i-calcium iyimbiwa ebaluleke kakhulu kwimpilo yethambo kunye neenkqubo ezibalulekileyo zomzimba, xa ingaphezulu kunokuba nefuthe elibi ekusebenzeni komzimba, ibangele imiqondiso enje:

• Intloko ebuhlungu nokudinwa okugqithisileyo;
• Ukuziva unxaniwe rhoqo;
• Rhoqo umnqweno wokuchama;
• Isicaphucaphu nokugabha;
• Ukunciphisa ukutya;
• Utshintsho ekusebenzeni kwezintso kunye nomngcipheko wokwakheka kwamatye;
• Ukuxhamla rhoqo okanye ukuxhamla izihlunu;
• Iimpawu zentliziyo.

Ukongeza, abantu abane-hypercalcemia banokuba neempawu ezinxulumene notshintsho lwe-neurological njengokulahleka kwememori, uxinzelelo, ukucaphuka lula okanye ukudideka, umzekelo.

Izizathu eziphambili zehypercalcemia

Unobangela ophambili we-calcium egqithisileyo emzimbeni yi-hyperparathyroidism, apho amadlala amancinci e-parathyroid, abekwe emva kwe-thyroid, avelisa ngaphezulu kwehomoni elawula inani le-calcium egazini. Nangona kunjalo, i-hypercalcemia nayo inokwenzeka njengezinye iimeko, ezinje:

• Ukusilela kwezintso okungapheliyo;
• Ukugqithisa kwe-vitamin D, ikakhulu ngenxa yezifo ezinjenge-sarcoidosis, isifo sephepha, i-coccidioidomycosis okanye ukusetyenziswa kakhulu;
• Iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ekusebenziseni amayeza athile afana ne-lithium, umzekelo;
• Ukudumba emathanjeni, kwizintso okanye emathunjini kwinqanaba eliphambili;
• Ukudumba kwiziqithana zepancreatic;
• Multiple myeloma;
• Ubisi lwe-alkali syndrome, olubangelwa kukutya kakhulu kwe-calcium kunye nokusetyenziswa kwe-antacids;
• Isifo sikaPaget;
• Hyperthyroidism;
• Multiple myeloma;
• Izifo ze-Endocrinological ezifana ne-thyrotoxicosis, i-pheochromocytoma kunye nesifo sika-Addison.

I-hypercalcemia ebulalayo ivela ngenxa yemveliso yehomoni efana ne-hormone ye-parathyroid ngeeseli zethumba, ezibangela ukuba kube nzima kwaye kunzima ukunyanga i-hypercalcemia. Olunye uhlobo lwe-hypercalcemia kwiimeko zomhlaza zenzeka ngenxa yezilonda zethambo ezibangelwa yimastastases ethambo.

Indlela yokuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa

Ukuxilongwa kwe-hypercalcemia kunokuqinisekiswa ngovavanyo lwegazi, olufumana amaxabiso e-calcium ngaphezulu kwe-10.5mg / dl okanye ionic calcium engaphezulu kwe-5.3mg / dl, kuxhomekeke kwilabhoratri eyenziwe.

Emva kokuqinisekisa olu tshintsho, ugqirha kufuneka ayalele iimvavanyo ukuba zichonge unobangela, obandakanya umlinganiso wehomoni ye-PTH eveliswa ngamadlala e-parathyroid, iimvavanyo zokucinga ezifana netomografi okanye iMRI ukuphanda ubukho bomhlaza, ukongeza kuvavanyo lwevithamini D. , ukusebenza kwezintso okanye ubukho bezinye izifo ze-endocrinological.

Unyango lwenziwa njani

Unyango lwe-hypercalcemia luhlala luboniswa yingcali ye-endocrinologist, eyenziwe ikakhulu ngokwesizathu sayo, ebandakanya ukusetyenziswa kwamachiza ukulawula amanqanaba ehomoni, ukutshintshiselana ngeziyobisi kwabanye abangenayo i-hypercalcemia njengempembelelo esecaleni okanye utyando lokususa amathumba anokuthi kubangela i-calcium engaphezulu, ukuba oku kubangelwa.

Unyango alwenziwa ngokungxamisekileyo, ngaphandle kweemeko apho iimpawu zibangelwa okanye xa amanqanaba e-calcium egazi efikelela kwi-13.5 mg / dl, emele umngcipheko omkhulu wezempilo.

Ke, ugqirha unokuyalela i-hydration emthanjeni, kwi-diuretics yeluphu, enje ngeFurosemide, i-calcitonin okanye i-bisphosphonates, ukuzama ukunciphisa amanqanaba e-calcium kunye nokuthintela utshintsho kwisingqi sentliziyo okanye ukonakala kwenkqubo yeemvakalelo.

Utyando lokunyanga i-hypercalcemia lusetyenziswa kuphela xa unobangela wengxaki kukungasebenzi kakuhle kwelinye lala madlala, kwaye kuyacetyiswa ukuba kususwe.