Hyperkalaemia: yintoni na, iimpawu eziphambili kunye nonyango

Umxholo

• Iimpawu eziphambili
• Izizathu ezinokubangela i-hyperkalaemia
• Unyango lwenziwa njani

I-Hyperkalaemia, ekwabizwa ngokuba yi-hyperkalemia, ingqamana nokwanda kwenani le potassium egazini, kugxilwe ngaphezulu kwexabiso lesalathiso, eliphakathi ko-3.5 no-5.5 mEq / L.

Ukonyuka kwesixa se potassium egazini kunokubangela ezinye iingxaki ezinje ngobuthathaka bemisipha, utshintsho kumgangatho wentliziyo kunye nobunzima bokuphefumla.

I-potassium ephezulu egazini inezizathu ezininzi, nangona kunjalo iyenzeka ikakhulu njengesiphumo seengxaki zezintso, kungenxa yokuba izintso zilawula ukungena nokuphuma kwe-potassium kwiiseli. Ukongeza kwiingxaki zezintso, i-hyperkalaemia inokwenzeka ngenxa ye-hyperglycemia, ukungaphumeleli kwentliziyo okanye i-metabolic acidosis.

Iimpawu eziphambili

Ukonyuka kwesixa se potassium egazini kunokukhokelela ekubonakaleni kweempawu ezithile kunye neempawu ezingangqinelaniyo, ezinokuphelisa ukungahoywa, ezinje:

• Iintlungu zesifuba;
• Utshintsho kwisantya sentliziyo;
• Uburharha okanye ukurhawuzelela imvakalelo;
• Ubuthathaka bemisipha kunye / okanye ukukhubazeka.

Ukongeza, kunokubakho isicaphucaphu, ukugabha, ukuphefumla nzima kunye nokudideka kwengqondo. Xa ebonisa ezi mpawu, umntu kufuneka afune uncedo kwezonyango ngokukhawuleza ukwenza uvavanyo lwegazi kunye nomchamo kwaye, ukuba kukho imfuneko, aqalise unyango olufanelekileyo.

Ixabiso eliqhelekileyo le-potassium liphakathi kwe-3.5 kunye ne-5.5 mEq / L, ngamaxabiso angaphezulu kwe-5.5 mEq / L ebonisa i-hyperkalaemia. Bona ngakumbi ngamanqanaba egazi potassium kwaye kutheni zingatshintshwa.

Izizathu ezinokubangela i-hyperkalaemia

Hyperkalaemia inokwenzeka ngenxa yeemeko ezininzi, ezinje:

• Ukunqongophala kwe-insulin;
• Hyperglycemia;
• I-metabolic acidosis;
• Izifo ezingapheliyo;
• Ukungaphumeleli kakuhle kwezintso;
• Ukusilela kwezintso okungapheliyo;
• Ukungaphumeleli kwentliziyo;
• Isifo seNephrotic;
• Isibindi.

Ukongeza, ukonyuka kwesixa se potassium egazini kunokwenzeka ngenxa yokusetyenziswa kwamayeza athile, emva kotofelo-gazi okanye emva konyango lwemitha.

Unyango lwenziwa njani

Unyango lwe-hyperkalemia lwenziwa ngokwesizathu sotshintsho, kunye nokusetyenziswa kwamayeza kwisibhedlele. Iimeko ezinzima ezingaphathwa ngokukhawuleza zingakhokelela ekubanjweni kwentliziyo kunye nengqondo okanye omnye umonakalo kumzimba.

Xa i-potassium ephezulu egazini ivela ngenxa yokusilela kwezintso okanye ukusetyenziswa kwamayeza afana ne-calcium gluconate kunye ne-diuretics, umzekelo, i-hemodialysis ingabonakaliswa.

Ukuthintela i-hyperkalaemia, ukongeza ekuthatheni amayeza, kubalulekile ukuba isigulana sibe nomkhwa wokutya ityuwa encinci ekutyeni, sikuphephe ukuthabathela indawo izinto ezinje ngeetyhubhu zokunonga, ezizityebi nge potassium. Xa umntu enokonyuka okuncinci kwepotassium egazini, unyango olululo lwasekhaya kukusela amanzi amaninzi kunye nokunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kokutya okunotye nge potassium, okufana namandongomane, iibhanana kunye nobisi. Jonga uluhlu olupheleleyo lokutya komthombo we potassium omele ukukuphepha.