Iimpawu eziphambili zoxinzelelo lwegazi kwimiphunga, oonobangela kunye nendlela yokunyanga

Umxholo

• Iimpawu eziphambili
• Ukuchongwa koxinzelelo lwegazi kwimiphunga
• Yintoni ebangela uxinzelelo lwegazi kwimiphunga
• Unyango lwenziwa njani
• Uxinzelelo lwegazi kwimiphunga yosana olusandul 'ukuzalwa

Uxinzelelo lwegazi kwimiphunga yimeko ebonakaliswa kukunyuka koxinzelelo kwimithambo yemiphunga, ekhokelela ekubonakaleni kweempawu zokuphefumla ezinje ngokuphefumla kancinci ngexesha lomthambo, ikakhulu, ukongeza kubunzima bokuphefumla, ubuthathaka kunye nesiyezi, umzekelo.

Kwiimeko ezininzi, unobangela woxinzelelo lwegazi kwimiphunga awaziwa, nangona kunjalo inokuba inxulumene nemiphunga, isifo sentliziyo, isifo sokudumba okanye ngenxa yokuxhathisa kwenqanawa kwimiphunga. Kuzo zonke iimeko, kubalulekile ukuba uxinzelelo lwegazi lwe-pulmonary luchongwe kwaye lunyangwe ngugqirha we-pulmonologist okanye ugqirha jikelele ngokusebenzisa amayeza asebenza ngokuphumla kwemithambo yegazi.

Iimpawu eziphambili

Iimpawu zoxinzelelo lwegazi kwimiphunga zihlala zibonakala kuphela kwizigaba eziphambili zesi sifo, olona phawu luphambili kukuphefumla kancinci ngexesha lomthambo. Ezinye iimpawu ezinokuthi zibonise uxinzelelo lwexinzelelo lwe-pulmonary zi:

• Ukufa isiqaqa ngexesha lemizamo;
• Ukudinwa;
• Isiyezi;
• Iintlungu zesifuba;
• Ubunzima bokuphefumla;
• Ubuthathaka, kuba kukho inani elincinci leoksijini elifikelela kwizicwili.

Ukuphefumla okufutshane kwenzeka, ekuqaleni, ngexesha lemizamo, kodwa njengoko esi sifo sisiba mandundu kwaye sisiba mandundu ngakumbi, sinokwenzeka nokuba siphumle. Ukongeza, njengoko uxinzelelo lwegazi lwe-pulmonary luhambelana kakhulu notshintsho lwentliziyo, iimpawu ezinxulumene nentliziyo zinokubonakala, njengokudumba emilenzeni kunye nokubetha kwentliziyo.

Ngokutsho iimpawu thaca ngumntu, uxinzelelo pulmonary lwegazi zinokuhlelwa ngokwamacandelo:

• Iklasi I: Ukubakho koxinzelelo lwegazi kwimiphunga kwiimviwo, kodwa oko akubangeli zimpawu;
• Iklasi II: Ukuphefumla kancinci ngexesha lomsebenzi womzimba, ukunciphisa imizamo yomzimba;
• Udidi III: Umda obalulekileyo wokuziqhelanisa nomsebenzi, ukuphefumla kancinci nokuphulukana nokuphumla;
• Iklasi IV: Ukuphefumla kancinci kunye nokudinwa nokuba uphumle, kunzima kuwo nawuphi na umzamo womzimba.

Ukuchongwa koxinzelelo lwegazi kwimiphunga

Ukuxilongwa koxinzelelo lwegazi kwimiphunga kumanqanaba okuqala esi sifo kunzima, kuba utshintsho olwenziweyo lunokubonisa nezinye izifo. Ke ngoko, ukuxilongwa koxinzelelo lwegazi kwimiphunga kufuneka kwenziwe ngokuvavanya imbali yeklinikhi, uvavanyo lomzimba kunye nokwenza uvavanyo olwahlukeneyo, olufana nesifuba X-ray, i-electrocardiogram, uvavanyo lomsebenzi we-pulmonary kunye ne-tomography.

Ukuqinisekisa iziphumo, ugqirha unokucela kwakhona i-catheterization, eya kuthi ilinganise ngokuchanekileyo uxinzelelo ngaphakathi kwithambo le-pulmonary.

Yintoni ebangela uxinzelelo lwegazi kwimiphunga

Nabani na onokuphucula uxinzelelo lwegazi kwimiphunga, kodwa ixhaphake kakhulu kubafazi abangaphezulu kwama-30. Nangona kungaqondakali ngokupheleleyo, utshintsho ekujikelezeni kwemiphunga luhambelana nokwanda kokudumba, ifibrosis kunye nokunciphisa imithambo yegazi. Ke, oyena nobangela uphambili yile:

• Kwiprayimari: zenzeka ngenxa yotshintsho ekwakhiweni kweenqanawa ze-pulmonary, ngenxa yezizathu ezingaziwayo, ekubeni, kule meko ibizwa ngokuba yi-idiopathic, kwaye, kananjalo, ngenxa yezizathu zofuzo, kunye nezifo, ezinjengezifo ze-thyroid, i-scleroderma, i-lupus, i-HIV kunye nezifo yegazi, umzekelo.
• Esekondari: kubangelwa lutshintsho entliziyweni, njengokusilela kwentliziyo, kunye nezifo zemiphunga, ezinjenge-emphysema, i-apnea yokulala, i-pulmonary thrombosis okanye i-sarcoidosis, umzekelo.

Zonke ezi zinto zibangela ubunzima ekujikelezeni kwegazi ngaphakathi emiphungeni, enokuthi iqhubeke ikhathaze intliziyo kwaye isiba mandundu isifo, inyuse umngcipheko weengxaki.

Unyango lwenziwa njani

Unyango lwe-pulmonary hypertension lujolise ekunyangeni unobangela kwaye kunciphise iimpawu, kwaye ke kuyacetyiswa ngugqirha ukuba asebenzise amayeza ukuphucula ukujikeleza kunye nokunciphisa uxinzelelo lwemiphunga, njenge-anticoagulants, vasodilators, antihypertensives, diuretics kunye neoksijini yonyango. Nangona kunjalo, kwiimeko ezinzima kakhulu, ukufakelwa kwentliziyo okanye imiphunga kunokuba sisisombululo sodwa.

Ukuzilolonga ngokuphefumla, ukhokelwa yi-physiotherapist, kunokunceda ekuvuseleleni nasekuphuculeni iimpawu.

Uxinzelelo lwegazi kwimiphunga yosana olusandul 'ukuzalwa

Le meko ivela xa kukho utshintsho ekujikelezeni kwegazi emiphungeni nasentliziyweni yomntwana, nto leyo ebangela ubunzima ekungeniseni umoya emzimbeni, kunye neempawu ezinjengobunzima bokuphefumla, imilebe eblue neminwe nokudumba kwindebe. Uxinzelelo lwegazi kwimiphunga yomntwana luhlala lusenzeka ngenxa ye-asphyxia ngaphakathi kwesibeleko okanye ngexesha lokubeleka, inyumoniya, i-hypothermia, i-hypoglycemia, okanye ngenxa yokusetyenziswa gwenxa kwamayeza ngunina, njenge-indomethacin okanye i-aspirin, umzekelo.

Unyango lwenziwa ngokusetyenziswa kwonyango lweoksijini, ngesigqumathelo okanye kwisifukamisi, ukugcina umntwana efudumele kwaye engenazintlungu, ukongeza kumayeza okanye kwiinkqubo zokulungisa iziphene entliziyweni. Kwinqanaba lokuqala nelibi kakhulu, kunokuba yimfuneko ukuphefumla ukwenziwa ngoncedo lwezixhobo, ezinokususwa emva kokuba iimpawu kunye neempawu ziphuculwe.