Isikhokelo esiBanzi kwi-HIV ne-AIDS

Umxholo

• Yintoni i-HIV?
• Yintoni ugawulayo?
• Intsholongwane kaGawulayo noGawulayo: Luphi unxibelelwano?
• Ukuhanjiswa kwe-HIV: Yazi iinyani
• Unobangela wentsholongwane kagawulayo
• Oonobangela bakaGawulayo
• Zeziphi iimvavanyo ezisetyenziselwa ukuxilonga i-HIV?
• Uvavanyo lwe-Antibody / antigen
• Uvavanyo lwe-Antibody
• Uvavanyo lwe-Nucleic acid (NAT)
• Ithini ixesha lefestile ye-HIV?
• Iimpawu zokuqala ze-HIV
• Ziintoni iimpawu ze-HIV?
• Ngaba ukungxamiseka luphawu lwe-HIV?
• Irash inxulumene ne-HIV
• Irash inxulumene namayeza
• Iimpawu ze-HIV emadodeni: Ngaba ukhona umahluko?
• Iimpawu ze-HIV kwabasetyhini: Ngaba ukhona umahluko?
• Ziintoni iimpawu zesifo sikagawulayo?
• Iinketho zonyango lwe-HIV
• Amayeza e-HIV
• Iirejimeni zonyango
• Iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga kunye neendleko
• Uthintelo lwe-HIV
• Isondo elikhuselekileyo
• Ezinye iindlela zothintelo
• Ukuphila ne-HIV: Yintoni onokuyilindela kunye neengcebiso malunga nokuhlangabezana nayo
• Ubomi be-HIV: Yazi iinyani
• Lukhona ugonyo lwe-HIV?
• Iinkcukacha-manani ze-HIV

Sibandakanya iimveliso esicinga ukuba ziluncedo kubafundi bethu. Ukuba uthenga amakhonkco kweli phepha, sinokufumana ikhomishini encinci. Nantsi inkqubo yethu.

Yintoni i-HIV?

Intsholongwane kaGawulayo yonakalisa amajoni omzimba. INTSHOLONGWANE KAGAWULAYO ​​enganyangekiyo ichaphazela kwaye ibulala iiseli ze-CD4, eziluhlobo lweseli yomzimba ebizwa ngokuba yi-T cell.

Ixesha elingaphezulu, njengoko i-HIV ibulala iiseli ze-CD4 ezingakumbi, umzimba kungenzeka ukuba ufumane iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeemeko kunye nomhlaza.

Intsholongwane kaGawulayo isasazeka kulwelo lomzimba olubandakanya:

• igazi
• isidoda
• ulwelo lobufazi nolwexande
• ubisi lwebele

Intsholongwane ayidluliswanga emoyeni okanye emanzini, okanye ngokudibana okuqhelekileyo.

Ngenxa yokuba i-HIV izifaka kwi-DNA yeeseli, yimeko yobomi bonke kwaye okwangoku akukho chiza lisusa i-HIV emzimbeni, nangona uninzi lwenzululwazi lusebenzela ukuyifumana.

Nangona kunjalo, ngonyango, kubandakanya unyango olubizwa ngokuba lonyango lwe-antiretroviral, kunokwenzeka ukulawula i-HIV kwaye uphile nentsholongwane iminyaka emininzi.

Ngaphandle konyango, umntu oneNTSHOLONGWANE KAGAWULAYO ​​kunokwenzeka ukuba ahlaselwe yimeko embi ebizwa ngokuba yi-Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome, eyaziwa ngokuba yi-AIDS.

Ngelo xesha, amajoni omzimba abuthathaka kakhulu ukuba angaphendula ngempumelelo kwezinye izifo, usulelo kunye neemeko.

Ukunganyangwa, ixesha lokuphila kwinqanaba lokuphela likaGawulayo limalunga. Ngonyango lwe-antiretroviral, i-HIV inokulawulwa kakuhle, kwaye ixesha lokuphila lingaphantse lifane nomntu ongakhange afumane i-HIV.

Kuqikelelwa ukuba i-1.2 yezigidi zabantu baseMelika ngoku baphila ne-HIV. Kula bantu, omnye kwabasi-7 akazi ukuba unentsholongwane.

Intsholongwane kaGawulayo inokubangela utshintsho emzimbeni wonke.

Funda malunga nefuthe le-HIV kwiinkqubo ezahlukeneyo emzimbeni.

Yintoni ugawulayo?

UGawulayo sisifo esinokuthi sikhule kubantu abane-HIV. Elona nqanaba liphambili kwi-HIV. Kodwa ke ngenxa yokuba umntu ene-HIV oko akuthethi ukuba uGawulayo uya kukhula.

Intsholongwane kaGawulayo ibulala iiseli zomzimba. Abantu abadala abasempilweni ngokubanzi banesibalo se-CD4 esiyi-500 ukuya kwi-1,600 nge-cubic millimeter nganye. Umntu one-HIV isibalo sakhe se-CD4 esiwela ngaphantsi kwama-200 nge-cubic millimeter nganye uyakufunyaniswa ene-AIDS.

Umntu unokufunyanwa ukuba une-AIDS ukuba une-HIV kwaye ahlakulele usulelo olungenelelayo okanye umhlaza onqabileyo kubantu abangenayo i-HIV.

Usulelo olungenelelayo olunje IPneumocystis jiroveci inyumoniya yenzeka kuphela kumntu ongafakwanga sistim, njengomntu onesifo esosulelayo se-HIV (AIDS).

Ukunganyangwa, i-HIV inokuqhubela phambili kwi-AIDS kwisithuba seminyaka elishumi. Okwangoku alukho unyango lwe-AIDS, kwaye ngaphandle konyango, ixesha lokuphila emva kokuxilongwa limalunga.

Oku kunokuba mfutshane ukuba umntu uhlaselwa sisifo esingenelelayo. Nangona kunjalo, unyango ngamachiza ee-antiretroviral lunokuthintela uGawulayo ekubeni akhule.

Ukuba ngaba uGawulayo uyakhula, oko kuthetha ukuba amajoni omzimba abuthathaka kakhulu, oko kukuthi, abe buthathaka ukuya kwinqanaba apho engasenakuphendula ngokuphumelelayo ngokuchasene nezifo ezininzi kunye nosulelo.

Oko kwenza ukuba umntu ophila noGawulayo abe sesichengeni sokuthintelwa zizifo ezininzi, kubandakanya:

• ukukrala kwemiphunga
• isifo sephepha
• i-thrush yomlomo, imeko yokungunda emlonyeni okanye emqaleni
• i-cytomegalovirus (CMV), uhlobo lwentsholongwane ye-herpes
• i-cryptococcal meningitis, imeko yokungunda kwingqondo
• toxoplasmosis, imeko yengqondo ebangelwa sisidleleli
• I-cryptosporidiosis, imeko ebangelwa sisidleleli samathumbu
• umhlaza, kubandakanya iKaposi sarcoma (KS) kunye ne-lymphoma

Ubomi obufutshane obudityaniswe ne-AIDS enganyangekiyo ayisosiphumo ngqo sesifo uqobo. Endaweni yoko, sisiphumo sezifo kunye neengxaki ezibakho ngenxa yokuba amajoni omzimba atyhafiswe nguGawulayo.

Funda ngakumbi malunga neengxaki ezinokubakho kwi-HIV ne-AIDS.

Intsholongwane kaGawulayo noGawulayo: Luphi unxibelelwano?

Ukuphuhlisa uGawulayo, umntu kufuneka afumane i-HIV. Kodwa ukuba ne-HIV akuthethi ukuba umntu uza kuba noGawulayo.

Amatyala enkqubela phambili ye-HIV ngokwamanqanaba amathathu:

• Inqanaba 1: isigaba esibukhali, kwiiveki zokuqala ezimbalwa emva kosulelo
• Inqanaba 2: Ukubambezeleka kweklinikhi, okanye inqanaba elingapheliyo
• Inqanaba 3: UGawulayo

Njengokuba i-HIV inciphisa ukubala kweeseli ze-CD4, amajoni omzimba ayancipha. Isibalo se-CD4 sabantu abadala esiqhelekileyo singama-500 ukuya kwi-1,500 nge-cubic millimeter nganye. Umntu onenani elingaphantsi kwama-200 uthathwa ngokuba une-AIDS.

Ngokukhawuleza imeko yentsholongwane kaGawulayo iqhubela phambili kwinqanaba elingapheliyo yahluka kakhulu ukusuka komnye umntu ukuya komnye. Ngaphandle konyango, inokuhlala ishumi leminyaka ngaphambi kokuqhubela phambili kwi-AIDS. Ngonyango, inokuhlala ngokungenammiselo.

Okwangoku alukho unyango lwe-HIV, kodwa lunokulawulwa. Abantu abane-HIV bahlala bephila ixesha eliqhelekileyo ngokunyanga kwangoko ngonyango lwe-antiretroviral.

Ngokuhambelana nale migca inye, akukho ndlela yakunyanga uGawulayo okwangoku. Nangona kunjalo, unyango lunokonyusa isibalo somntu se-CD4 ukuya kwinqanaba apho kuthathwa ngokuba akasenayo i-AIDS. (Eli nqaku libala ngama-200 okanye ngaphezulu.)

Kwakhona, unyango lunokunceda ekulawuleni usulelo olungenelelayo.

Intsholongwane kaGawulayo kunye noGawulayo zihambelana, kodwa azifani.

Funda ngakumbi ngumahluko phakathi kwe-HIV ne-AIDS.

Ukuhanjiswa kwe-HIV: Yazi iinyani

Nabani na angayifumana i-HIV. Intsholongwane idluliselwa kulwelo lomzimba olubandakanya:

• igazi
• isidoda
• ulwelo lobufazi nolwexande
• ubisi lwebele

Ezinye zeendlela i-HIV egqithiselwa isuka komnye umntu iye emntwini ibandakanya:

• ngokwabelana ngesondo kwilungu lobufazi okanye ezimpundu - eyona ndlela ixhaphakileyo yosasazo
• ngokwabelana ngenaliti, iisirinji, kunye nezinye izinto zokusebenzisa iziyobisi ngenaliti
• ngokwabelana ngezixhobo ze tattoo ngaphandle kokubulala iintsholongwane phakathi kokusetyenziswa
• Ngexesha lokukhulelwa, ukubeleka, okanye ukubeleka ukusuka kumntu okhulelweyo ukuya kusana lwakhe
• Ngexesha lokuncancisa
• ngokuthi "ngaphambi kwexesha," okanye ukuhlafuna ukutya kosana ngaphambi kokulunika
• Ngokuvezwa ligazi, amadlozi, ulwelo lobufazi kunye neefalali zamanzi, kunye nobisi lwebele lomntu ophila ne-HIV, njenga ngenaliti

Le ntsholongwane inokusasazwa ngokufakelwa igazi okanye ngokufakelwa ilungu kunye nezicubu. Nangona kunjalo, uvavanyo olungqongqo lwe-HIV phakathi kwegazi, ilungu lomzimba, kunye nabanikeli bezicubu kuqinisekisa ukuba oku kunqabile eMelika.

Kuyenzeka ukuba kwenziwe ithiyori, kodwa kuthathelwe ingqalelo kunqabile, ukuba i-HIV idluliselwe:

• isondo ngomlomo (kuphela ukuba kukho iintsini ezophayo okanye izilonda ezivulekileyo emlonyeni womntu)
• ukulunywa ngumntu one-HIV (kuphela ukuba amathe anegazi okanye kukho izilonda ezivulekileyo emlonyeni womntu)
• ukunxibelelana phakathi kolusu olaphukileyo, amanxeba, okanye inwebu yangaphakathi kunye negazi lomntu ophila ne-HIV

Intsholongwane kaGawulayo ayidlulisi:

• Ukuqhagamshelana kolusu nolusu
• ukwangana, ukuxhawula okanye ukuncamisa
• umoya okanye amanzi
• ukwabelana ukutya okanye iziselo, kubandakanya imithombo yokusela
• amathe, iinyembezi, okanye ukubila (ngaphandle kokuba kuxutywe negazi lomntu one-HIV)
• ukwabelana ngasese, iitawuli, okanye izinto zokulala
• iingcongconi okanye ezinye izinambuzane

Kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba ukuba umntu ophila nentsholongwane kaGawulayo uyanyangwa kwaye unomthwalo wentsholongwane ongapheliyo, akunakwenzeka ukuba adlulisele intsholongwane komnye umntu.

Funda ngakumbi ngokudluliselwa kwe-HIV.

Unobangela wentsholongwane kagawulayo

Intsholongwane kaGawulayo yintsholongwane enokuthi idluliselwe kwiitshimpanzi zaseAfrika. Izazinzulu zirhanela ukuba intsholongwane ye-simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) yatsiba isuka kwiichimps yaya ebantwini xa abantu besitya inyama ye-chimpanzee enentsholongwane.

Xa sele ingaphakathi kwabantu, intsholongwane yaguquka yangena kwinto esiyaziyo ngoku njenge-HIV. Oku kunokwenzeka ukuba kudala kwenzeka ngee-1920s.

Intsholongwane kaGawulayo isasazeka isuka komnye umntu iye emntwini wonke e-Afrika kwisithuba seminyaka elishumi. Ekugqibeleni, intsholongwane yafudukela kwezinye iindawo zomhlaba. Iinzululwazi zaqala ukufumanisa i-HIV kwisampulu yegazi lomntu ngo-1959.

Kucingelwa ukuba i-HIV ikhona e-United States ukusukela ngeminyaka yoo-1970, kodwa ayizange iqale ukubetha ukuqondwa koluntu de kwaba li-1980.

Funda ngakumbi ngembali ye-HIV ne-AIDS eMelika.

Oonobangela bakaGawulayo

UGawulayo ubangelwa yi-HIV. Umntu akanako ukuba noGawulayo ukuba akayifumananga intsholongwane kaGawulayo.

Abantu abasempilweni banesibalo se-CD4 esingama-500 ukuya kwi-1,500 nge-cubic millimeter nganye. Ngaphandle konyango, i-HIV iyaqhubeka nokuphindaphindeka kwaye itshabalalise iiseli ze-CD4. Ukuba isibalo somntu se-CD4 siwela ngaphantsi kwama-200, une-AIDS.

Kwakhona, ukuba umntu one-HIV uba nosulelo olungenelelayo olunxulunyaniswa ne-HIV, angaphinde afumaneke ene-AIDS, nokuba isibalo se-CD4 singaphezulu kwama-200.

Zeziphi iimvavanyo ezisetyenziselwa ukuxilonga i-HIV?

Iimvavanyo ezahlukeneyo zinokusetyenziswa ekuchongeni i-HIV. Ababoneleli ngezempilo bagqiba ukuba loluphi uvavanyo olulungele umntu ngamnye.

Uvavanyo lwe-Antibody / antigen

Uvavanyo lwe-Antibody / antigen zezona ziqhelekileyo ezisetyenziswayo. Banokubonisa iziphumo ezincomekayo ngaphakathi emva kokuba umntu efumene i-HIV.

Olu vavanyo lukhangela igazi kwii-antibodies kunye neeantigen. I-antibody luhlobo lweprotein olwenziwa ngumzimba ukuphendula kusulelo. I-antigen, kwelinye icala, yinxalenye yentsholongwane eyenza amajoni omzimba asebenze.

Uvavanyo lwe-Antibody

Olu vavanyo lujonga igazi kuphela kwii-antibodies. Phakathi kokudluliswa, uninzi lwabantu luya kuphuhlisa ii-antibodies ze-HIV ezinokufunyanwa egazini okanye ematheni.

Olu vavanyo lwenziwa kusetyenziswa uvavanyo lwegazi okanye umlomo, kwaye akukho lungiselelo luyimfuneko. Ezinye iimvavanyo zibonelela ngemizuzu engama-30 okanye ngaphantsi kwaye zingenziwa kwiofisi yezonyango okanye eklinikhi.

Olunye uvavanyo lwe-antibody lunokwenziwa ekhaya:

• Uvavanyo lwe-HIV lwe-OraQuick. I-swab yomlomo inika iziphumo kwimizuzu engama-20.
• Ukufikelela kwiKhaya Inkqubo yokuVavanya i-HIV Emva kokuba umntu ehlaba umnwe wakhe, bathumela isampuli yegazi kwilabhoratri enelayisensi. Banokuhlala bengaziwa kwaye babize iziphumo kusuku olulandelayo lweshishini.

Ukuba umntu othile ukrokrela ukuba ukhe wabhencwa kwi-HIV kodwa wavavanywa engenayo kuvavanyo lwasekhaya, kufuneka aluphinde uvavanyo kwiinyanga ezi-3. Ukuba baneziphumo ezincumisayo, kufuneka balandele umboneleli wabo wezempilo ukuqinisekisa.

Uvavanyo lwe-Nucleic acid (NAT)

Olu vavanyo lubiza kakhulu alusetyenziswanga kuvavanyo ngokubanzi. Yenzelwe abantu abaneempawu zokuqala ze-HIV okanye abanomngcipheko owaziwayo. Olu vavanyo alukhangeli kwiintsholongwane; ijonge intsholongwane uqobo.

Kuthatha ukusuka kwiintsuku ezintlanu ukuya kwezingama-21 ukuba i-HIV ifumaneke egazini. Olu vavanyo luhlala luhamba kunye okanye luqinisekiswa ngovavanyo lwe-antibody.

Namhlanje, kulula kunakuqala ukuvavanyelwa i-HIV.

Funda ngakumbi malunga nokhetho lweHIV ekhaya.

Ithini ixesha lefestile ye-HIV?

Ngokukhawuleza ukuba umntu afumane i-HIV, iqala ukuvelisa kwakhona emzimbeni wakhe. Amajoni omzimba womntu asabela kwiiantigens (iinxalenye zentsholongwane) ngokuvelisa izilwa-buhlungu (iiseli ezithatha amanyathelo okulwa intsholongwane).

Ixesha eliphakathi kokubhencwa kwi-HIV naxa lithe labonakala egazini kuthiwa lixesha le-HIV. Uninzi lwabantu luvelisa ii-antibodies ze-HIV ezibonakalayo kwiintsuku ezingama-23 ukuya kuma-90 emva kosulelo.

Ukuba umntu uthatha uvavanyo lwe-HIV ngexesha lefestile, kusenokwenzeka ukuba baya kufumana iziphumo ezingalunganga. Nangona kunjalo, banokusasaza intsholongwane kwabanye ngeli xesha.

Ukuba umntu ucinga ukuba ubekhe wabhencwa kwi-HIV kodwa wavavanywa engenalo ngeli xesha, kufuneka aluphinde uvavanyo kwiinyanga ezimbalwa ukuqinisekisa (ixesha lixhomekeke kuvavanyo olusetyenzisiweyo). Kwaye ngelo xesha, kufuneka basebenzise iikhondom okanye ezinye iindlela zokuthintela ukusasazeka kwe-HIV.

Umntu ovavanya ukungabinakho ngexesha lefestile unokuxhamla kwi-post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP). Eli liyeza elithathiweyo emva ukubonakaliswa kokuthintela ukufumana i-HIV.

I-PEP kufuneka ithathwe ngokukhawuleza emva kokuvezwa; kufuneka ithathwe kungadlulanga iiyure ezingama-72 emva kokuvezwa kodwa kufanelekile ngaphambi koko.

Enye indlela yokuthintela ukufumana i-HIV yi-pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP). Indibaniselwano yamachiza e-HIV athathwe phambi kokubhencwa kwi-HIV, i-PrEP inokuwunciphisa umngcipheko wokufumana okanye wosasaze i-HIV xa isetyenziswe ngokufanayo.

Ixesha libalulekile xa kuvavanywa i-HIV.

Funda ngakumbi malunga nokuba ixesha lichaphazela njani iziphumo zovavanyo lwe-HIV.

Iimpawu zokuqala ze-HIV

Kwiiveki ezimbalwa zokuqala emva kokuba umntu efumene intsholongwane kaGawulayo ibizwa ngokuba sisigaba sokusuleleka.

Ngeli xesha, intsholongwane izala ngokukhawuleza. Amajoni omzimba omntu aphendula ngokuvelisa izilwa-buhlungu ze-HIV, eziziiproteni ezithatha amanyathelo okuphendula ngokuchasene nosulelo.

Ngeli nqanaba, abanye abantu abanazimpawu ekuqaleni. Nangona kunjalo, abantu abaninzi bafumana iimpawu kwinyanga yokuqala okanye emva kokufumana intsholongwane, kodwa bahlala bengaqondi ukuba i-HIV ibangela ezo mpawu.

Kungenxa yokuba iimpawu zenqanaba elibi zinokufana kakhulu nezo zomkhuhlane okanye ezinye iintsholongwane zonyaka, ezinje:

• banokuba nobulali ukuya kubukhali
• banokuza bahambe
• Banokuhlala naphi na ukusuka kwiintsuku ezimbalwa ukuya kwiiveki ezininzi

Iimpawu zokuqala ze-HIV zingabandakanya:

• ifiva
• Ukugodola
• ukudumba kwamalungu enkovu
• iintlungu kunye neentlungu
• irhashalala
• umqala obuhkungu
• intloko ebuhlungu
• isicaphucaphu
• isisu esimoshakele

Ngenxa yokuba ezi mpawu ziyafana nezifo eziqhelekileyo ezinjengomkhuhlane, umntu onazo usenokungacingi ukuba bafuna ukubona umboneleli wezempilo.

Nokuba bayakwenza oko, umboneleli wabo wezempilo unokukrokrela umkhuhlane okanye i-mononucleosis kwaye abanokucinga nge-HIV.

Nokuba umntu uneempawu okanye hayi, ngeli xesha umthamo wentsholongwane egazini uphezulu kakhulu. Ubungakanani bentsholongwane sisixa se-HIV esifumaneka kumjelo wegazi.

Ubungakanani bentsholongwane obuphezulu kuthetha ukuba i-HIV inokudluliselwa ngokulula komnye umntu ngeli xesha.

Iimpawu zokuqala ze-HIV zihlala zisombululeka kwiinyanga nje ezimbalwa njengoko umntu engena kwisigaba se-HIV esinganyangekiyo, okanye seklinikhi. Eli nqanaba linokuhlala iminyaka emininzi okanye amashumi eminyaka ngonyango.

Iimpawu zentsholongwane kaGawulayo zinokwahluka kubantu ngabantu.

Funda ngakumbi malunga neempawu zokuqala ze-HIV.

Ziintoni iimpawu ze-HIV?

Emva kwenyanga yokuqala okanye njalo, i-HIV ingena kwinqanaba lekliniki. Eli nqanaba linokuhlala ukusuka kwiminyaka embalwa ukuya kumashumi ambalwa eminyaka.

Abanye abantu abanazimpawu ngeli xesha, ngelixa abanye benokuba neempawu ezincinci okanye ezingacacanga. Uphawu olungacacanga luphawu olungahambelani nesifo esithile okanye imeko ethile.

Ezi mpawu zingacacanga zinokubandakanya:

• intloko ebuhlungu kunye nezinye iintlungu neentlungu
• ukudumba kwamalungu enkovu
• Imikhuhlane ephindaphindayo
• ukubila ebusuku
• ukudinwa
• isicaphucaphu
• ukugabha
• urhudo
• ukuhla ukusinda
• irhashalala
• usulelo lomlomo oluqhelekileyo lomlomo okanye lobufazi
• ukukrala kwemiphunga
• amatyathanga

Njengakwinqanaba lokuqala, i-HIV isadluliselwa ngeli xesha ngaphandle kwempawu kwaye inokudluliselwa komnye umntu.

Nangona kunjalo, umntu ngekhe azi ukuba une-HIV ngaphandle kokuba uvavanywe. Ukuba umntu unalezi mpawu kwaye ucinga ukuba ebekhe wabhencwa kwi-HIV, kubalulekile ukuba aye kuvavanywa.

Iimpawu ze-HIV kweli nqanaba zinokuza zidlule, okanye zingaqhubela phambili ngokukhawuleza. Le nkqubela phambili inokucothiswa kakhulu kunyango.

Ngokusetyenziswa ngokungaguquguqukiyo konyango lwe-antiretroviral, i-HIV engapheliyo inokuhlala amashumi eminyaka kwaye ayinakuthi ikhule ibe nguGawulayo, ukuba unyango luqale kwangoko ngokwaneleyo.

Funda ngakumbi malunga nokuba iimpawu zentsholongwane kaGawulayo zinokuqhubeka njani ekuhambeni kwexesha.

Ngaba ukungxamiseka luphawu lwe-HIV?

Abantu abaninzi abane-HIV bahlangabezana neenguqu kulusu lwabo. Irhash ihlala yenye yeempawu zokuqala zosulelo lwe-HIV. Ngokubanzi, irhashalala ye-HIV ibonakala njengezilonda ezincinci ezibomvu eziphantsi kwaye ziphakanyisiwe.

Irash inxulumene ne-HIV

Intsholongwane kaGawulayo yenza ukuba umntu abe semngciphekweni wokufumana iingxaki zolusu kuba intsholongwane itshabalalisa iiseli zokhuselo lomzimba ezithatha amanyathelo ngokuchasene nosulelo. Izifo ezosulelayo ezinokubangela irhashalala zibandakanya:

• molluscum contagiosum
• herpes simplex
• amatyathanga

Unobangela wokungxamiseka umisela:

• ijongeka kanjani
• ithatha ixesha elingakanani
• indlela enokunyangwa ngayo ixhomekeke kwisizathu

Irash inxulumene namayeza

Ngelixa irhashalala inokubangelwa kukosuleleka ngokudibeneyo kwe-HIV, inokubangelwa namayeza. Amanye amayeza asetyenziselwa ukunyanga i-HIV okanye ezinye iimeko anokubangela irhashalala.

Olu hlobo lokuqubha luhlala luvela kwiveki okanye iiveki ezi-2 zokuqala amayeza amatsha. Ngamanye amaxesha ukukhawuleza kuya kuzicoca ngokwakho. Ukuba ayenzi njalo, utshintsho kumayeza lunokufuneka.

Irash ngenxa yokusabela kunyango kunokuba nzima.

Ezinye iimpawu zokungabikho komzimba zibandakanya:

• ingxaki yokuphefumla okanye ukuginya
• isiyezi
• ifiva

Isifo i-Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) sisenzo esinqabileyo esaliwa kukungalungelani namayeza e-HIV. Iimpawu zibandakanya umkhuhlane kunye nokudumba kobuso nolwimi. Ukuqhaqhaqhaqhaqhaqha, okungabandakanya ulusu kunye neembumba ezinamaqabunga, kubonakala kwaye kusasazeka ngokukhawuleza.

Xa ulusu luchaphazeleka, lubizwa ngokuba yi-epidermal necrolysis enetyhefu, eyimeko esongela ubomi. Ukuba oku kuyenzeka, kufuneka unyango lwengxamiseko.

Ngelixa irhashalala inokunxulunyaniswa ne-HIV okanye amayeza e-HIV, kubalulekile ukuba ugcine engqondweni ukuba irhashalala ixhaphakile kwaye inokuba nezinye izizathu.

Funda kabanzi malunga nokukhawuleza kwe-HIV.

Iimpawu ze-HIV emadodeni: Ngaba ukhona umahluko?

Iimpawu ze-HIV ziyahluka ukusuka komnye umntu ukuya komnye, kodwa ziyafana kumadoda nabasetyhini. Ezi mpawu zinokuza zihambe okanye ziqhubeke zisiba mandundu.

Ukuba umntu uye wachaphazeleka kwi-HIV, banokuchaphazeleka nakwezinye izifo ezosulela ngokwabelana ngesondo. Oku kubandakanya:

• ukuvuza ngaphantsi
• chlamydia
• igcushuwa
• itrichomoniasis

Amadoda, kunye neepenisi, banokubakho ngakumbi kunabafazi ukuba baqaphele iimpawu ze-STIs ezinjengezilonda kwilungu labo lobuni. Nangona kunjalo, amadoda awalufuni unyango rhoqo njengabafazi.

Funda ngakumbi ngeempawu ze-HIV emadodeni.

Iimpawu ze-HIV kwabasetyhini: Ngaba ukhona umahluko?

Ubukhulu becala, iimpawu ze-HIV ziyafana kumadoda nabasetyhini. Nangona kunjalo, iimpawu abazifumanayo zizonke zinokwahluka ngokusekwe kwimingcipheko eyahlukeneyo amadoda nabasetyhini abajongana nayo ukuba bane-HIV.

Bobabini abesilisa nabasetyhini abane-HIV basemngciphekweni wokwanda kwezifo ezingumvuka wokwabelana ngesondo. Nangona kunjalo, abasetyhini, kunye nabo banesini, banokungaphantsi kunamadoda ukuba babone amabala amancinci okanye ezinye iinguqu kwilungu labo lobuni.

Ukongeza, abasetyhini abane-HIV basemngciphekweni wokonyuka:

• usulelo lwegwele lobufazi oluqhubekayo
• ezinye izifo zangasese, kubandakanywa ne-bacterial vaginosis
• Isifo sokudumba kwepelevic (PID)
• Utshintsho kumjikelo wokuya exesheni
• ipapillomavirus yabantu (HPV), enokubangela iintsumpa kumalungu esini kwaye ikhokelele kumhlaza womlomo wesibeleko

Ngelixa lingahambelani neempawu ze-HIV, omnye umngcipheko kwabasetyhini abane-HIV kukuba intsholongwane inokudluliselwa emntwaneni ngexesha lokukhulelwa. Nangona kunjalo, unyango lwe-antiretroviral luthathwa ngokuba lukhuselekile ngexesha lokukhulelwa.

Abasetyhini abanyangwe ngonyango lwe-antiretroviral basemngciphekweni ophantsi kakhulu wokudlulisela i-HIV kubantwana babo ngexesha lokukhulelwa naxa behambisa. Ukuncancisa kuyachaphazeleka nakwabasetyhini abane-HIV. Intsholongwane inokudluliselwa emntwaneni ngobisi lwebele.

E-United States nakwezinye iisetingi apho ifomula ifikeleleka kwaye ikhuselekile, kuyacetyiswa ukuba abasetyhini abane-HIV hayi ukuncancisa iintsana zabo. Kula mabhinqa, ukusetyenziswa kwefomula kuyakhuthazwa.

Izinketho ngaphandle kwefomula zibandakanya ubisi lomntu olibhanki.

Kwabasetyhini abanokuthi babonakaliswe kwi-HIV, kubalulekile ukuba bazi ukuba zeziphi iimpawu ekufuneka zijongwe.

Funda ngakumbi ngeempawu ze-HIV kwabasetyhini.

Ziintoni iimpawu zesifo sikagawulayo?

Isifo sikagawulayo sibhekisa kwisifo se-immunodeficiency syndrome. Ngale meko, amajoni omzimba abuthathaka ngenxa ye-HIV ehlala inganyangwa kangangeminyaka emininzi.

Ukuba ngaba i-HIV ifunyenwe kwaye yanyangwa kwangoko ngonyango lwe-antiretroviral, umntu uya kuhlala engenayo i-AIDS.

Abantu abane-HIV banokuvelisa i-AIDS ukuba ngaba i-HIV yabo ayifunyanwa de kube sebusuku okanye ukuba bayazi ukuba bane-HIV kodwa bangathathi ngokungaguquguqukiyo unyango lwabo lwe-antiretroviral.

Banokuphinda babe ne-AIDS ukuba banoluhlobo lwe-HIV olunganyangekiyo (aluphenduli) kunyango lwe-antiretroviral.

Ngaphandle konyango olululo nolungaguquguqukiyo, abantu abaphila ne-HIV banokuhlaselwa nguGawulayo msinyane. Ngelo xesha, amajoni omzimba sele onakele kwaye unexesha elinzima lokudala impendulo kusulelo nakwizifo.

Ngokusetyenziswa kwonyango lwe-antiretroviral, umntu unokugcina isifo esinganyangekiyo se-HIV ngaphandle kokuba abe noGawulayo amashumi eminyaka.

Iimpawu zikaGawulayo zingabandakanya:

• Umkhuhlane ophindaphindiweyo
• ukudumba kwamadlala endlala, ingakumbi emakhwapheni, entanyeni nasezibilinini
• ukudinwa okungapheliyo
• ukubila ebusuku
• iindawo ezimnyama phantsi kolusu okanye emlonyeni, empumlweni, okanye kwiinkophe
• izilonda, amabala, okanye izilonda zomlomo nolwimi, amalungu esini, okanye umngxuma
• amaqhuma, izilonda, okanye irhashalala yesikhumba
• urhudo ophindaphindiweyo okanye ongapheliyo
• ukunciphisa umzimba ngokukhawuleza
• iingxaki ze-neurologic ezinje ngengxaki yokujonga, ukulahleka kwememori, kunye nokudideka
• unxunguphalo kunye noxinzelelo

Unyango lwe-antiretroviral lulawula intsholongwane kwaye kuhlala kuthintela ukuqhubela phambili ku-AIDS. Olunye usulelo kunye neengxaki ze-AIDS nazo zinokunyangwa. Olu nyango kufuneka luhambelane neemfuno zomntu lowo.

Iinketho zonyango lwe-HIV

Unyango kufuneka luqale kwangoko emva kokufunyaniswa kwe-HIV, nokuba uthini umthamo wentsholongwane.

Olona nyango luphambili lwe-HIV lunyango lwe-antiretroviral, indibaniselwano yamayeza emihla ngemihla ayekisa intsholongwane ekuveliseni kwakhona. Oku kunceda ukukhusela iiseli ze-CD4, ukugcina amajoni omzimba omelele ngokwaneleyo ukuba angathatha amanyathelo ngokuchasene nezifo.

Unyango lwe-Antiretroviral luyanceda ukugcina i-HIV ingadluleli kwi-AIDS. Ikwanceda ukunciphisa umngcipheko wokosulela abanye abantu nge-HIV.

Xa unyango lusebenza, ubungakanani bentsholongwane buza "kungabonakali." Umntu usenayo i-HIV, kodwa intsholongwane ayibonakali kwiziphumo zovavanyo.

Nangona kunjalo, intsholongwane isesemzimbeni. Kwaye ukuba loo mntu uyeka ukuthatha unyango lwe-antiretroviral, umthamo wentsholongwane uza kunyuka kwakhona, kwaye i-HIV iphinde iqale ukuhlasela iiseli ze-CD4.

Funda kabanzi malunga nendlela unyango lwe-HIV olusebenza ngayo.

Amayeza e-HIV

Unyango oluninzi lwee-antiretroviral zonyango luvunyiwe ukunyanga i-HIV. Basebenza ukuthintela i-HIV ekuveliseni nasekutshabalaliseni iiseli ze-CD4, ezinceda amajoni omzimba ukuba avelise impendulo kusulelo.

Oku kunceda ukunciphisa umngcipheko wokuba neengxaki ezinxulumene ne-HIV, kunye nokusasaza intsholongwane kwabanye.

La mayeza ee-antiretroviral aqokelelwe kwiiklasi ezintandathu:

• i-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (i-NRTIs)
• i-non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (ii-NNRTIs)
• Iprotease inhibitors
• fusion inhibitors
• Abachasi beCCR5, ekwabizwa ngokuba ngabangenayo
• ukudibanisa inhibitors zokudlulisa umtya

Iirejimeni zonyango

ISebe lezeMpilo laseMelika kunye neeNkonzo zoLuntu (HHS) ngokubanzi licebisa irejimeni yokuqala yamayeza amathathu e-HIV ubuncinci kwezi zifundo zimbini zeziyobisi.

Olu dibana lunceda ukuthintela i-HIV ekubeni inyange amayeza. (Ukuchasana kuthetha ukuba ichiza alisasebenzi ukunyanga intsholongwane.)

Uninzi lwamayeza ee-antiretroviral ayadityaniswa namanye ukuze umntu one-HIV athathe ipilisi enye okanye ezimbini ngosuku.

Umboneleli ngononophelo lwempilo uya kumnceda umntu one-HIV ukuba akhethe irejimeni esekwe kwimeko yakhe yezempilo kunye neemeko zobuqu.

La mayeza kufuneka athathwe yonke imihla, kanye njengoko kumiselwe. Ukuba azithathwanga ngokufanelekileyo, ukunganyangeki kwintsholongwane kunokukhula, kwaye irejimeni entsha inokufuneka.

Ukuvavanywa kwegazi kuya kunceda ekufumaniseni ukuba irejimeni iyasebenza ukugcina umthamo wentsholongwane egazini kwaye isibalo se-CD4 sinyukile. Ukuba irejimeni yonyango ye-antiretroviral ayisebenzi, umboneleli wezempilo womntu uya kuzitshintshela kwirejimeni eyahlukileyo esebenzayo ngakumbi.

Iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga kunye neendleko

Iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zonyango lwe-antiretroviral ziyahluka kwaye zinokubandakanya isicaphucaphu, intloko ebuhlungu kunye nesiyezi. Ezi mpawu zihlala zethutyana kwaye zinyamalale ngokuhamba kwexesha.

Iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezimandundu zinokubandakanya ukudumba komlomo nolwimi kunye nesibindi okanye ukonzakala kwezintso. Ukuba iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zinzima, amayeza anokuhlengahlengiswa.

Iindleko zonyango lwe-antiretroviral ziyahluka ngokweendawo kunye nohlobo lwe-inshurensi. Ezinye iinkampani ezixuba amayeza zineenkqubo zoncedo zokunceda ukuthoba iindleko.

Funda ngakumbi ngamachiza asetyenziselwa ukunyanga i-HIV.

Uthintelo lwe-HIV

Nangona abaphandi abaninzi besebenzela ukuyiphuhlisa, okwangoku akukho sitofu sokuthintela ukosuleleka yi-HIV.Nangona kunjalo, ukuthatha amanyathelo athile kunokunceda ukunqanda ukosuleleka yi-HIV.

Isondo elikhuselekileyo

Eyona ndlela ixhaphakileyo yokuba i-HIV igqithiswe ngesondo langasemva okanye kwilungu lobufazi ngaphandle kwekhondom okanye enye indlela yokuthintela. Lo mngcipheko awunakupheliswa ngokupheleleyo ngaphandle kokuba isondo siphetshwe ngokupheleleyo, kodwa umngcipheko unokuhliswa ngokubonakalayo ngokuthatha amanyathelo okhuseleko.

Umntu ochaphazelekayo ngomngcipheko we-HIV kufuneka:

• Vavanyelwa i-HIV. Kubalulekile ukuba bafunde ubume babo kunye neqabane labo.
• Vavanyelwa ezinye izifo ezosulela ngokwabelana ngesondo. Ukuba bafumene ukuba banayo, kufuneka bafumane unyango, kuba ukuba ne-STI kwandisa ingozi yokosulelwa yi-HIV.
• Sebenzisa iikhondom. Kuya kufuneka bafunde indlela echanekileyo yokusebenzisa iikhondom kwaye bazisebenzise ngalo lonke ixesha besabelana ngesondo, nokuba kungenxa yokwabelana ngesondo kwilungu lobufazi okanye ezimpundu. Kubalulekile ukuba ugcine engqondweni ukuba ulwelo lwangaphambi kwesidoda (oluphuma ngaphambi kokuphuma kwendoda) lunokuba ne-HIV.
• Thatha amayeza abo njengoko bayalelwe ukuba bane-HIV. Oku kwehlisa umngcipheko wokuhambisa intsholongwane kumaqabane abo abelana nawo ngesondo.

Thenga iikhondom kwi-intanethi.

Ezinye iindlela zothintelo

Amanye amanyathelo okunceda ukunqanda ukwanda kwe-HIV kubandakanya:

• Gwema ukwabelana ngeenaliti okanye ezinye izinto. INTSHOLONGWANE KAGAWULAYO ​​idluliselwa ngegazi kwaye inokusulelwa ngokusebenzisa izinto ezidibene negazi lomntu one-HIV.
• Cinga ngePEP. Umntu oye wachaphazeleka kwi-HIV kufuneka aqhagamshelane nomboneleli wakhe wezempilo malunga nokufumana i-post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP). I-PEP inokuwunciphisa umngcipheko wokosulelwa yi-HIV. Inamayeza amathathu ee-antiretroviral anikwa iintsuku ezingama-28. I-PEP kufuneka iqalwe ngokukhawuleza emva kokuvezwa kodwa ngaphambi kokuba kudlule iiyure ezingama-36 ukuya kuma-72.
• Cinga nge-PrEP. Umntu unamathuba aphezulu okufumana i-HIV kufuneka athethe nomboneleli wakhe wezempilo malunga ne-pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP). Ukuba ithathwa ngokungaguquguqukiyo, inokuwunciphisa umngcipheko wokufumana i-HIV. I-PrEP yindibaniselwano yamachiza amabini afumanekayo kwifom yeepilisi.

Ababoneleli ngezempilo banokunika ulwazi oluthe kratya kwezi kunye nezinye iindlela zokuthintela ukusasazeka kwe-HIV.

Jonga apha ngolwazi oluthe kratya kuthintelo lwe-STI.

Ukuphila ne-HIV: Yintoni onokuyilindela kunye neengcebiso malunga nokuhlangabezana nayo

Abantu abangaphezu kwezigidi eziyi-1.2 e-United States baphila ne-HIV. Kwahlukile kuye wonke umntu, kodwa ngonyango, abaninzi banokulindela ukuba baphile ubomi obude, obunemveliso.

Into ebaluleke kakhulu kukuba uqale unyango lwe-antiretroviral ngokukhawuleza. Ngokuthatha amayeza ngokuchanekileyo njengoko kumiselwe, abantu abaphila ne-HIV bangagcina umthamo wabo wentsholongwane uphantsi kwaye amajoni abo omzimba omelele.

Kwakhona kubalulekile ukulandela umboneleli wezempilo rhoqo.

Ezinye iindlela abantu abaphila ne-HIV abanokuyiphucula ngayo impilo yabo zibandakanya:

• Yenza impilo yabo ibe yeyona nto iphambili kubo. Amanyathelo okunceda abantu abaphila nentsholongwane kaGawulayo ukuba bazive bebhetele kubandakanya:
  • Ukuvuselela umzimba wabo ngokutya okunezondlo
  • ukuzilolonga rhoqo
  • ukufumana ukuphumla okuninzi
  • ukunqanda icuba kunye nezinye iziyobisi
  • Ukuxela naziphi na iimpawu ezitsha kumboneleli wabo wezempilo kwangoko
• Gxila kwimpilo yabo yengqondo. Banokucinga ngokubonana nonyango olunelayisensi olunamava ekunyangeni abantu abane-HIV.
• Sebenzisa iindlela ezikhuselekileyo zesini. Thetha nabantu abathandana nabo. Vavanyelwa ezinye ii-STIs. Sebenzisa iikhondom nezinye iindlela zokuthintela ngalo lonke ixesha besabelana ngesondo kwilungu lobufazi okanye ezimpundu.
• Thetha nomboneleli wabo wezempilo malunga nePEP kunye nePEP. Xa isetyenziswa ngokungaguquguqukiyo ngumntu ongenayo i-HIV, i-pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) kunye ne-post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) kunokuwanciphisa amathuba okosulela. I-PrEP ihlala icetyiswa kubantu abangenayo i-HIV kubudlelwane nabantu abane-HIV, kodwa inokusetyenziswa nakwezinye iimeko. Imithombo ekwi-Intanethi yokufumana umboneleli we-PrEP ibandakanya i-PrEP Locator kunye ne-PleasePrEPMe.
• Zizungeze nabantu obathandayo. Xa uqala ukuxelela abantu malunga nokuxilongwa kwabo, banokuqala ngokukhawuleza ngokuxelela umntu onokugcina ukuzithemba kwabo. Basenokufuna ukukhetha umntu ongayi kubagweba kwaye oza kubaxhasa ekunyamekeleni impilo yabo.
• Fumana inkxaso. Bangazibandakanya neqela lenkxaso ye-HIV, nokuba kungomntu okanye kwi-intanethi, ukuze bakwazi ukudibana nabanye abajongene neenkxalabo ezifanayo abanazo. Umboneleli wabo wezempilo unokubakhokelela kwizibonelelo ezahlukeneyo kwindawo yabo.

Zininzi iindlela zokufumana okuninzi ebomini xa uphila ne-HIV.

Yiva amanye amabali ayinyani abantu abaphila ne-HIV.

Ubomi be-HIV: Yazi iinyani

Kwiminyaka yoo-1990, umntu oneminyaka engama-20 ubudala one-HIV wayenayo. Ngo-2011, umntu oneminyaka engama-20 ubudala one-HIV unokulindela ukuba aphile eminye iminyaka engama-53.

Kukuphucuka okumangalisayo, ngenxa yenxalenye enkulu kunyango lwe-antiretroviral. Ngonyango olululo, abantu abaninzi abane-HIV banokulindela ubomi obuqhelekileyo okanye obuqhelekileyo.

Ewe, izinto ezininzi zichaphazela ixesha lokuphila lomntu one-HIV. Phakathi kwazo kukho:

• Inani leeseli ze-CD4
• umthamo wentsholongwane
• izifo ezinxulumene ne-HIV, kubandakanya i-hepatitis
• ukusebenzisa iziyobisi gwenxa
• ukutshaya
• ukufikelela, ukubambelela, kunye nokuphendula kunyango
• ezinye iimeko zempilo
• ubudala

Indawo ahlala kuyo umntu ibalulekile. Abantu baseMelika nakwamanye amazwe aphuhlileyo banokuba nakho ukufikelela kunyango lwe-antiretroviral.

Ukusetyenziswa ngokungaguquguqukiyo kwala machiza kunceda ukuthintela i-HIV ekubeni idlulele kwi-AIDS. Xa i-HIV iqhubela phambili kwi-AIDS, ixesha lokuphila ngaphandle konyango limalunga.

Ngo-2017, malunga nokuphila ne-HIV babesebenzisa unyango lwe-antiretroviral.

Iinkcukacha-manani zokulindelwa kobomi zizikhokelo nje ngokubanzi. Abantu abaphila nentsholongwane kaGawulayo kufuneka bathethe nomboneleli wabo wezempilo ukuze bafunde banzi malunga noko banokukulindela.

Funda ngakumbi malunga nobomi bokuphila kunye nembono yexesha elide nge-HIV.

Lukhona ugonyo lwe-HIV?

Okwangoku, akukho zitofu zokuthintela okanye ukunyanga i-HIV. Uphando kunye nokuvavanywa kwizitofu zokulinga kuyaqhubeka, kodwa akukho nanye isondele ekuvunyelweni ukuba isetyenziswe ngokubanzi.

Intsholongwane kaGawulayo yintsholongwane enzima. Iyatshintsha (itshintshe) ngokukhawuleza kwaye ihlala ikwazi ukukhusela iimpendulo zomzimba. Kuphela liqaqobana labantu abane-HIV abaphuhlisa ngokubanzi ii-antibodies, uhlobo lwe-antibodies ezinokuthi ziphendule kuluhlu lweentsholongwane ze-HIV.

Isifundo sokuqala sokusebenza kokugonya kwe-HIV kwiminyaka esi-7 sasiqhubeka eMzantsi Afrika ngo-2016. Iyeza lokulinga luguqulelo oluhlaziyiweyo lwelinye elisetyenziswe kuvavanyo olwenzeka ngo-2009 eThailand.

Ulandelo lweminyaka emi-3,5 emva kogonyo lubonise ukuba iyeza lokuthintela lalingama-31.2 epesenti esebenzayo ekuthinteleni ukosulelwa yi-HIV.

Olu phononongo lubandakanya amadoda nabasetyhini abangama-5,400 abavela eMzantsi Afrika. Ngo-2016 eMzantsi Afrika, malunga nentsholongwane kaGawulayo. Iziphumo zophando zilindeleke kwi-2021.

Elinye inqanaba lokugqibela, kuvavanyo lweklinikhi lokugonya lwamazwe ngamazwe luyaqhubeka ngoku.

Olunye uphando kwisitofu sokugonya i-HIV nalo luyaqhubeka.

Ngelixa ingekabikho isitofu sokuthintela i-HIV, abantu abane-HIV banokuzuza kwezinye izitofu zokuthintela izifo ezinxulumene ne-HIV. Nazi iziphakamiso zeCDC:

• ukukrala kwemiphunga: kubo bonke abantwana abangaphantsi kweminyaka emi-2 kunye nabo bonke abantu abadala abangama-65 nangaphezulu
• umkhuhlane: kubo bonke abantu abangaphezu kweenyanga ezi-6 ubudala ngonyaka ngaphandle kwezinqabileyo
• hepatitis A kunye B: buza ugqirha wakho ukuba kufanele ugonyelwe i-hepatitis A kunye no-B, ngakumbi ukuba uku
• meningitis: ugonyo lwe-meningococcal conjugate lolwabo bonke abantwana abakwishumi elivisayo nabakwishumi elivisayo abakwiminyaka eli-11 ukuya kweli-12 ubudala benethamo lokunyusa eli-16, okanye nabani na osemngciphekweni. Ukugonywa kwe-serogroup B meningococcal kuyacetyiswa kuye nakubani na oneminyaka eli-10 okanye nangaphezulu ngomngcipheko owandileyo.
• izikhonkwane: kwabo baneminyaka engama-50 okanye ngaphezulu

Funda ukuba kutheni kunzima kakhulu ukuba nesifo sokugonya se-HIV.

Iinkcukacha-manani ze-HIV

Nazi iinombolo zanamhlanje ze-HIV:

• Ngo-2019, bamalunga nezigidi ezingama-38 abantu abaphila ne-HIV kwihlabathi liphela. Kubo, i-1.8 yezigidi yayingabantwana abangaphantsi kweminyaka eyi-15.
• Ukuphela kwe-2019, i-25.4 yezigidi zabantu abaphila ne-HIV basebenzisa unyango lwe-antiretroviral.
• Oko kwaqala ubhubhane, abantu abazizigidi ezingama-75.7 bangenwe yi-HIV, kwaye iingxaki ezinxulumene noGawulayo zithathe ubomi bezigidi ezingama-32.7.
• Ngo-2019, abantu abangama-690,000 babulawa zizifo ezinxulumene noGawulayo. Oku kwehla ukusuka kwi-1.9 yezigidi ngo-2005.
• EMpuma naseMazantsi eAfrika zezona zibetheke ngamandla. Ngo-2019, abantu abazizigidi ezingama-20.7 kwezi ndawo babephila ne-HIV, kwaye abangama-730,000 ngaphezulu bafumana le ntsholongwane. Ummandla ungaphezulu kwesiqingatha sabo bonke abantu abaphila ne-HIV kwihlabathi liphela.
• Abantu abadala kunye nabasetyhini abafikisayo babalelwa kwiipesenti ezili-19 zokuchongwa kwe-HIV e-United States ngo-2018. Phantse isiqingatha sazo zonke iimeko ezitsha zenzeka kuma-Afrika aseMelika.
• Ukushiywa kunganyangwa, owasetyhini one-HIV unethuba lokusasaza i-HIV kusana lwakhe ngexesha lokukhulelwa okanye lokuncancisa. Ngonyango lwe-antiretroviral ngalo lonke ixesha lokukhulelwa kunye nokuthintela ukuncancisa, umngcipheko ungaphantsi kune.
• Ngama-1990, umntu oneminyaka engama-20 ubudala one-HIV wayeneminyaka eli-19 ubudala. Ngo-2011, yayisele iphucukile ukuya kwiminyaka engama-53. Namhlanje, ixesha lokuphila kukuba unyango lwe-antiretroviral luqaliswe kwakamsinya emva kokufumana i-HIV.

Njengoko ukufikelela kunyango lwe-antiretroviral kuqhubeka ukuphucula kwihlabathi liphela, la manani ngethemba aya kuhlala etshintsha.

Funda ngakumbi malunga ne-HIV.