Into ekufuneka uyazi nge-HIV ebantwaneni

Umxholo

• Yintoni ebangela i-HIV ebantwaneni?
• Ukuhambisa nkqo
• Ukuhanjiswa ngokuthe tye
• Iimpawu ze-HIV ebantwaneni nakwishumi elivisayo
• Kufunyaniswa njani?
• Inyangwa njani?
• Ugonyo kunye ne-HIV
• Yise kude

Unyango lwe-HIV luye lude kakhulu kule minyaka idlulileyo. Namhlanje, abantwana abaninzi abaphila ne-HIV bayakhula babe ngabantu abadala.

Intsholongwane kaGawulayo yintsholongwane ehlasela amajoni omzimba. Oko kwenza ukuba abantwana abane-HIV babe sengozini yosulelo kunye nezifo. Unyango olulungileyo lunokunceda ukuthintela ukugula kunye nokugcina i-HIV ingadluleli kwi-AIDS.

Qhubeka ufunda njengoko sixoxa ngonobangela we-HIV ebantwaneni kunye nemiceli mngeni eyodwa yokunyanga abantwana kunye nolutsha oluphila ne-HIV.

Yintoni ebangela i-HIV ebantwaneni?

Ukuhambisa nkqo

Umntwana unokuzalwa ene-HIV okanye ayifumane kungekudala emva kokuba ezelwe. Intsholongwane kaGawulayo ingene kwisibeleko ibizwa ngokuba kukudluliswa komntwana ngokuzalwa okanye ukuhanjiswa nkqo.

Ukosuleleka kwabantwana nge-HIV kunokwenzeka:

• Ngexesha lokukhulelwa (ukudlula ukusuka kumama uye kosana nge-placenta)
• Ngexesha lokuhambisa (ngokudlulisa igazi okanye olunye ulwelo)
• ngelixa uncancisa

Ewe, ayinguye wonke umntu one-HIV oya kuyidlulisela kusana lwakhe, ngakumbi xa kulandela unyango lwe-antiretroviral.

Ehlabathini lonke, izinga lokuhambisa i-HIV ngexesha lokukhulelwa liwela ngaphantsi kweepesenti ezintlanu ngongenelelo, ngokuka. Ngaphandle kongenelelo, iqondo lokusasaza i-HIV ngexa lokukhulelwa limalunga ne-15 ukuya kuma-45 eepesenti.

EUnited States, ukosulelwa nkqo yeyona ndlela ixhaphakileyo yabantwana abangaphantsi kweminyaka eli-13 yokufumana i-HIV.

Ukuhanjiswa ngokuthe tye

Usulelo lwesibini, okanye usulelo oluthe tyaba, kuxa i-HIV idluliselwa ngokudibana nesidoda esosulelekileyo, ulwelo lobufazi, okanye igazi.

Ukosulelwa ngokwesondo yeyona ndlela ixhaphakileyo yokuba ulutsha lufumane i-HIV. Unikezelo lunokwenzeka ngexesha lokwabelana ngesondo kwilungu lobufazi elingakhuselekanga, lomlomo, okanye ezimpundu.

Ulutsha alunakuhlala lusebenzisa indlela yothintelo lolawulo lokuzalwa, okanye lusebenzise ngokuchanekileyo. Bangangazi ukuba bane-HIV kwaye bayidlulisele kwabanye.

Ukungasebenzisi indlela ethintela ikhondom, okanye ukusebenzisa ngokungafanelekanga enye, kunokuphakamisa umngcipheko wokufumana usulelo olosulela ngokwabelana ngesondo, olonyusa nomngcipheko wokosuleleka okanye wokuhambisa i-HIV.

Abantwana kunye nolutsha olwabelana ngeenaliti, iisirinji, kunye nezinto ezifanayo zisengozini yokufumana i-HIV.

Intsholongwane kaGawulayo ingadluliselwa ngegazi elosulelekileyo kuseto lokhathalelo lwempilo. Oku kunokwenzeka ukuba kwenzeke kwimimandla ethile yehlabathi ngakumbi kuneminye. Ngokutsho kwamaZiko okuLawula nokuThintela izifo, iseMelika.

Intsholongwane kaGawulayo ayinwenwanga:

• Ukulunywa zizinambuzane
• amathe
• ukubila
• iinyembezi
• ukwangana

Awunakho ukuyifumana ekwabelaneni:

• iitawuli okanye izinto zokulala
• ukusela iiglasi okanye izixhobo zokutya
• izihlalo zangasese okanye amadama okudada

Iimpawu ze-HIV ebantwaneni nakwishumi elivisayo

Usana lusenokungabi nazimpawu zibonakalayo ekuqaleni. Njengoko amajoni omzimba esiba buthathaka, ungaqala ukuqaphela:

• ukunqongophala kwamandla
• ukukhula okucothayo kunye nophuhliso
• umkhuhlane ongapheliyo, ukubila
• urhudo rhoqo
• ukwandisa ii-lymph node
• usulelo oluphindaphindiweyo okanye olude olungaphenduliyo kunyango
• ukuhla ukusinda
• ukusilela ukuchuma

Iimpawu ziyahluka ukusuka emntwaneni kuye emntwaneni kunye nobudala. Abantwana kunye nolutsha banokuba:

• irhashalala
• thrush yomlomo
• rhoqo usulelo lobufazi igwele
• isibindi esandisiweyo okanye udakada
• usulelo lwemiphunga
• iingxaki zezintso
• iingxaki zememori kunye noxinzelelo
• amathumba amabi okanye amabi

Abantwana abane-HIV enganyangekiyo basesichengeni sokuphuhla njenge-:

• iqhwiqhwi
• amatyathanga
• iherpes
• hepatitis
• isifo sentloko
• ukukrala kwemiphunga
• meningitis

Kufunyaniswa njani?

Intsholongwane kaGawulayo ifunyaniswa kuvavanyo lwegazi, kodwa ingathatha uvavanyo olungaphezulu kwesinye.

Ukuxilongwa kunokuqinisekiswa ukuba igazi linee-antibodies ze-HIV. Kodwa kwangoko kwikhosi yosulelo, amanqanaba e-antibody asenokungabi phezulu ngokwaneleyo ekufumaneni.

Ukuba ngaba uvavanyo luthi awunayo kodwa i-HIV iyarhanelwa, uvavanyo lungaphindwa kwiinyanga ezi-3 kwaye kwakhona kwiinyanga ezi-6.

Xa umntwana ofikisayo evavanyiwe ukuba une-HIV, onke amaqabane ezesondo kunye nabantu ekusenokwenzeka ukuba babelana ngeenaliti okanye iisirinji kufuneka baziswe ukuze nabo bavavanywe kwaye baqale unyango, ukuba kukho imfuneko.

Ngo-2018, ii-CDC ezintsha ze-HIV e-United States zineminyaka yobudala njenge:

Inyangwa njani?

INTSHOLONGWANE KAGAWULAYO ​​ayinakho unyango lwangoku, kodwa inokunyangwa ngokufanelekileyo kwaye ilawulwe. Namhlanje, uninzi lwabantwana nabantu abadala abane-HIV baphila ubomi obude, obunempilo.

Unyango oluphambili lwabantwana luyafana nabantu abadala: unyango lwe-antiretroviral. Unyango ngamachiza ee-antiretroviral kunye namayeza anceda ukuthintela ukuqhubela phambili nokusasazeka kwe-HIV.

Unyango lwabantwana ludinga ukuthathelwa ingqalelo okukhethekileyo. Ubudala, ukukhula, kunye nenqanaba lokukhula kwayo yonke into kwaye kufuneka iphinde ivavanywe njengoko umntwana eqhubela phambili ekufikiseni nasekufeni ebudaleni.

Eminye imiba ekufuneka ithathelwe ingqalelo ibandakanya:

• ubuzaza bosulelo lwe-HIV
• umngcipheko wokuqhubela phambili
• izigulo zangaphambili nezangoku ezinxulumene ne-HIV
• elifutshane kunye nexesha elide ityhefu
• imiphumela
• Unxibelelwano lweziyobisi

Uphononongo olucwangcisiweyo luka-2014 lufumanise ukuba ukuqala ngonyango lwe-antiretroviral kwakamsinya emva kokuzalwa kukhulisa ixesha lokuphila kosana, kunciphisa ukugula okunzima, kwaye kunciphise amathuba okuba i-HIV iqhubele phambili kwi-AIDS.

Unyango lwe-antiretroviral lubandakanya indibaniselwano yamachiza amathathu e-antiretroviral.

Xa ukhetha ukuba zeziphi iziyobisi oza kuzisebenzisa, ababoneleli ngezempilo bajonga ukubanakho ukunganyangeki ngamachiza, okuya kuchaphazela ukhetho lonyango oluzayo. Amayeza kusenokufuneka ukuba ahlengahlengiswe amaxesha ngamaxesha.

Esinye isithako esiphambili sonyango lwe-antiretroviral oluyimpumelelo kukubambelela kwirejimeni yonyango. Ngokwe-WHO, kuthatha ukubambelela ngaphezulu kokucinezelwa kwentsholongwane okuzinzileyo.

Ukunamathela kuthetha ukuthatha amayeza ngendlela emiselweyo. Oku kunokuba nzima kubantwana, ngakumbi ukuba banengxaki yokuginya iipilisi okanye bafuna ukunqanda iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezingathandekiyo. Ukulungisa oku, amanye amayeza ayafumaneka kulwelo okanye isiraphu ukwenza ukuba kube lula kubantwana abancinci ukuba bathathe.

Abazali kunye nabanonopheli babasebenzi kufuneka basebenze ngokusondeleyo nababoneleli ngezempilo. Ngamanye amaxesha, ingcebiso kusapho inokuba luncedo kuye wonke umntu obandakanyekayo.

Abafikisayo abaphila ne-HIV banokufuna:

• iingcebiso ngezempilo yengqondo kunye namaqela enkxaso
• iingcebiso malunga nokuzala, kubandakanya ukukhulelwa, indlela yokuziphatha ngokwesondo kunye nokukhulelwa
• ukuvavanyelwa ii-STIs
• Uvavanyo lokusetyenziswa kweziyobisi
• Inkxaso yotshintsho olugudileyo kwezempilo yabantu abadala

Uphando kwi-HIV yabantwana luyaqhubeka. Izikhokelo zonyango zinokuhlaziywa rhoqo.

Qiniseka ukuba ugcina umboneleli wezempilo womntwana wakho enolwazi ngeempawu ezintsha okanye ezitshintshayo, kunye neziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zonyango. Ungaze ube madolw 'anzima ukubuza imibuzo malunga nempilo kunye nonyango lomntwana wakho.

Ugonyo kunye ne-HIV

Nangona ulingo lweklinikhi luqhubeka, okwangoku azikho izitofu ezivunyiweyo zokuthintela okanye ukunyanga i-HIV.

Kodwa ngenxa yokuba i-HIV ingenza kube nzima ukuba umzimba wakho ulwe nosulelo, abantwana kunye nolutsha olune-HIV kufuneka bagonyelwe ezinye izifo.

Amayeza okugonya aphilileyo anokubangela ukuphendula komzimba, ke xa kukho, abantu abane-HIV kufuneka bafumane izitofu ezingasebenziyo.

Umboneleli wakho wezempilo angakucebisa ngexesha kunye nezinye izinto ezithile zokugonya. Oku kunokubandakanya:

• I-varicella (inkukhu, intshontsho)
• hepatitis B
• ipapillomavirus yabantu (HPV)
• umkhuhlane
• imasisi, uqwilikana, kunye nerubella (MMR)
• meningococcal meningitis
• ukukrala kwemiphunga
• Ipoliyo
• I-tetanus, i-diphtheria, kunye ne-pertussis (Tdap)
• hepatitis A

Xa usiya ngaphandle kwelizwe, ezinye izitofu zokugonya, ezinje ngezo zikhusela ikholera okanye i-yellow fever, zinokucetyiswa, nazo. Thetha nogqirha wakho womntwana kakuhle ngaphambi kokuhamba kwamanye amazwe.

Yise kude

Ukukhula une-HIV kunokubonisa imiceli mngeni emininzi kubantwana nakubazali, kodwa ukubambelela kunyango lwe-antiretroviral- kunye nenkqubo yenkxaso eyomeleleyo- kunokunceda abantwana kunye nolutsha ukuba baphile ubomi obusempilweni, obanelisayo.

Zininzi iinkonzo zenkxaso ezikhoyo zabantwana, iintsapho zabo kunye nabanonopheli. Ngolwazi oluthe kratya, cela ababoneleli ngenkathalo yezempilo yomntwana wakho ukuba bakuthumele kumaqela akummandla wakho, okanye ungatsalela umnxeba kwi-HIV / AIDS yakho yelizwe