Usasazeka njani uMhlaza wamabele

Umxholo

• Yintoni umhlaza webele?
• Athini amanqanaba omhlaza wamabele?
• Inqanaba 0
• Inqanaba 1
• Inqanaba 2
• Inqanaba 3
• Inqanaba 4
• Kwenzeka njani ukusasazeka?
• Usasazeka phi umhlaza webele?
• Isifo semetastasis sifunyanwa njani?
• Uphathwa njani umastastasis?
• Ukuthetha nogqirha wakho

Nokuba wena, umhlobo, okanye ilungu losapho ufunyaniswe unomdlavuza webele, ukuhamba lonke ulwazi olufumanekayo kunokuba lukhulu.

Nalu uluvo olulula lomhlaza webele kunye nezigaba zalo, kulandelwa ukuphazamiseka kwendlela owasasazeka ngayo umhlaza wamabele, indlela efunyaniswa ngayo, nendlela oogqirha abanyanga ngayo.

Yintoni umhlaza webele?

Umhlaza webele wenzeka xa iiseli zomhlaza zenzeka kwithishu yamabele. Enye yeentlobo eziqhelekileyo zokuxilongwa komhlaza kwabasetyhini eUnited States, okwesibini kuphela kumhlaza wesikhumba. Esi sifo sinokuchaphazela namadoda.

Ukufunyanwa kwangoko kuncede ekuchongeni umhlaza wamabele kunye nokuphucula amazinga okusinda.

Iimpawu zingabandakanya:

• isigaxa esifubeni sakho
• ukuphuma kwegazi kwiingono zakho
• utshintsho kubungakanani, imilo, okanye inkangeleko yebele lakho
• utshintsho kumbala okanye ubume besikhumba esifubeni sakho

Ukuqhubeka nokuzihlola rhoqo amabele kunye neemammograms kunokukunceda uqaphele naluphi na utshintsho njengoko lusenzeka. Ukuba uqaphela nayiphi na kwezi mpawu, xelela ugqirha wakho ngokukhawuleza.

Athini amanqanaba omhlaza wamabele?

Ugqirha wakho uchonga inqanaba lomhlaza ngokumisela:

• nokuba umhlaza ungenile okanye awungeneleli
• ubungakanani bethumba
• inani le-lymph node ezichaphazelekayo
• ubukho bomhlaza kwamanye amalungu omzimba

Ugqirha wakho uya kuba nakho ukukuxelela ngakumbi malunga nembono yakho kunye nokhetho olufanelekileyo lonyango nje ukuba inqanaba limiselwe kuvavanyo olwahlukeneyo.

Amanqanaba amahlanu omhlaza wamabele ngala:

Inqanaba 0

Kwinqanaba le-0, umhlaza uthathwa njengongabonakaliyo. Zimbini iintlobo zenqanaba 0 lomhlaza wamabele:

• Kwi i-ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS), umhlaza ufumaneka ngaphakathi kwimigca yemijelo yobisi kodwa khange usasazeke kwezinye izicwili zebele.
• Ngelixa I-lobular carcinoma in situ (iLCIS) ikwahlelwa njenge nqanaba 0 umhlaza webele, ayithathwa njengomhlaza ngokwenyani. Endaweni yoko, ichaza iiseli ezingaqhelekanga eziye zenziwa kwii-lobules zesifuba.

Inqanaba lesifo somhlaza webele liyanyangeka.

Inqanaba 1

Kule nqanaba, umhlaza uthathwa njengongenangqondo kodwa uhleli ngaphakathi. Inqanaba 1 lahlulwe laba ziifom ze-1A kunye ne-1B:

• Kwi Inqanaba 1A, umhlaza umncinci kuneesentimitha ezi-2 (cm). Ayisasazekanga kwii-lymph node ezikufutshane.
• Kwi Inqanaba 1B, Ugqirha wakho usenokungasifumani isisu esifubeni sakho, kodwa ii-lymph node zinokuba namaqela amancinci eeseli zomhlaza. La maqela alinganisa i-0.2 kunye ne-2 millimeters (mm).

Njengakwinqanaba le-0, inqanaba lokuqala lomhlaza webele liyanyangeka.

Inqanaba 2

Umhlaza ungenelela kwinqanaba le-2. Eli nqanaba lahlulwe laba ngu-2A no-2B:

• Kwi Inqanaba 2A, usenokungabinalo ithumba, kodwa umhlaza usasazeke kwii-lymph node zakho. Ngaphandle koko, i-tumor ingaba ngaphantsi kwe-2 cm ngobukhulu kwaye ibandakanya i-lymph nodes.Okanye ithumba linokulinganisa phakathi kwe-2 kunye ne-5 cm kodwa ayibandakanyi ii-lymph node.
• Kwi Inqanaba 2B, ubukhulu bethumba bukhulu. Unokufumanisa ukuba une-2B ukuba ithumba lakho liphakathi kwe-2 ukuya kwi-5 cm kwaye sele lisasazekile kwii-lymph node ezine okanye ezimbalwa. Ngaphandle koko, ithumba linokuba likhulu kune-5 cm ngaphandle kokusasazeka kwe-lymph node.

Unokufuna unyango olomeleleyo kunakwizigaba zangaphambili. Nangona kunjalo, umbono usalungile kwinqanaba 2.

Inqanaba 3

Umhlaza wakho uthathwa njengongenelelayo kwaye uhambele phambili ukuba ufikelela kwinqanaba lesithathu. Awukasasazeki kwamanye amalungu akho. Eli nqanaba lahlulwe laba zi-subsets 3A, 3B, kunye 3C:

• Kwi Inqanaba 3A, ithumba lakho linokuba lincinci kune-2 cm, kodwa kukho phakathi kweesine kunye nesithoba i-lymph node ezichaphazelekayo. Ubungakanani besisu kweli nqanaba bunokuba bukhulu kune-5 cm kwaye kubandakanya ukubuthana okuncinci kweeseli kwii-lymph node zakho. Umhlaza usenokuthi usasazeke kwii-lymph node kwi-underarm yakho nakwithambo lesifuba.
• Kwi Inqanaba 3B, ithumba linokuba nabuphi na ubungakanani. Okwangoku, kuye kwasasazeka kwisifuba sakho okanye kulusu kwaye kuchaphazela ukuya kuthi ga kwi-lymph node.
• Kwi Inqanaba 3C, umhlaza usenokusasazeka kwii-lymph node ezingaphezu kwe-10 nokuba akukho sihlunu sikhoyo. Ii-lymph node ezichaphazelekayo zinokuba kufutshane nekhola yakho, ikhwapha, okanye ithambo lesifuba.

Ukhetho kunyango kwinqanaba lesi-3 lubandakanya:

• kwinzame
• imitha
• Unyango lwehomoni
• ichemotherapy

Olu nyango lukwabonelelwa ngamanqanaba angaphambili. Ugqirha wakho unokucebisa ngokudibanisa unyango kwisiphumo esihle.

Inqanaba 4

Kwinqanaba le-4, umhlaza webele ugqibile. Ngamanye amagama, sele inwenwele nakwamanye amalungu omzimba. Oku kunokubandakanya enye okanye ezingaphezulu kwezi zilandelayo:

• ingqondo
• amathambo
• imiphunga
• isibindi

Ugqirha wakho unokuzama iindlela ezahlukeneyo zonyango, kodwa umhlaza uthathwa njengophelelweyo kweli nqanaba.

Kwenzeka njani ukusasazeka?

Zininzi iindlela umhlaza onokuthi usasazeke emzimbeni.

• Uhlaselo oluthe ngqo lwenzeka xa ithumba lisasazekile kwilungu elikufutshane emzimbeni. Iiseli zomhlaza zithatha ingcambu kwaye ziqala ukukhula kule ndawo intsha.
• Ukusasazeka kweLymphangitic kwenzeka xa umhlaza uhamba kwinkqubo ye-lymphatic. Umhlaza wamabele uhlala ubandakanya ii-lymph node ezikufuphi, ke umhlaza ungangena kwinkqubo yokujikeleza kwe-lymph kwaye ubambe kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zomzimba.
• Ukusasazeka kwe-Hematogenous kuhamba ngendlela efanayo nokusasazeka kwe-lymphangitic kodwa kwimithambo yegazi. Iiseli zomhlaza zihamba emzimbeni kwaye zithathe iingcambu kwiindawo ezikude nakumalungu.

Usasazeka phi umhlaza webele?

Xa umhlaza uqala kwithishu yebele, unokuhlala usasazeka kwii-lymph node ngaphambi kokuchaphazela amanye amalungu omzimba. Umhlaza webele uqhele ukusasazeka kwi:

• amathambo
• ingqondo
• isibindi
• imiphunga

Isifo semetastasis sifunyanwa njani?

Iimvavanyo ezahlukeneyo zinokubona ukusasazeka komhlaza. Ezi mvavanyo ngokwesiqhelo azenziwa ngaphandle kokuba ugqirha wakho ucinga ukuba umhlaza usenokusasazeka.

Ngaphambi kokuba u-odole, ugqirha wakho uya kuvavanya ubungakanani besisu sakho, ukusasazeka kwe-lymph node, kunye neempawu ezithile onazo.

Olona vavanyo luqhelekileyo lubandakanya:

• iX-reyi yesifuba
• ukuskena amathambo
• Iskena se-CT
• Iskena seMRI
• i-ultrasound
• Ukuskena i-positron emission tomography (PET)

Uhlobo lovavanyo olugqibela ngokuba nalo luya kuxhomekeka kwimbali yakho kunye neempawu zonyango. Umzekelo, ukuba wena okanye ugqirha wakho ukrokrela ukuba umhlaza usenokusasazeka kwisisu sakho, unokuba une-ultrasound.

Iskena se-CT kunye neMRI sinokukunceda ugqirha abone iindawo ezahlukeneyo zomzimba ngaxeshanye. Ukuskena i-PET kunokuba luncedo ukuba ugqirha wakho ucinga ukuba umhlaza usenokusasazeka kodwa akaqinisekanga ukuba uphi.

Zonke ezi mvavanyo zi-non-invasive, kwaye akufuneki zifune ukuhlala esibhedlele. Unokunikwa imiyalelo ekhethekileyo ngaphambi kovavanyo lwakho.

Ukuba uneskena se-CT, umzekelo, unokufuna ukusela iarhente eyahlukileyo yomlomo ukunceda ukucacisa izinto ezahlukeneyo emzimbeni wakho.

Ukuba unemibuzo okanye inkxalabo, unganqikazi ukubiza iofisi eqhuba uvavanyo ukuze icaciswe.

Uphathwa njani umastastasis?

Isigaba 4 somhlaza webele awunakunyangeka. Endaweni yokuba, ukuba sele ifunyenwe, unyango lumalunga nokwandisa kunye nokuphucula umgangatho wobomi bakho.

Iindlela eziphambili zonyango kunyango lwe-4 lomhlaza wamabele zibandakanya:

• ichemotherapy
• unyango lwemitha
• utyando
• Unyango lwehomoni
• unyango ekujoliswe kulo
• Uvavanyo lwezonyango
• Ulawulo lweentlungu

Loluphi unyango okanye unyango ozamayo oluya kuxhomekeka ekusasazeni komhlaza wakho, imbali yakho yezonyango, kunye nokhetho lwakho. Ayizizo zonke iindlela zonyango ezilungele wonke umntu.

Ukuthetha nogqirha wakho

Usasazeka njani umhlaza webele kuxhomekeke kwizinto ezininzi kunye neemeko ezikhethekileyo emzimbeni wakho kunye nomhlaza wakho. Wakuba umhlaza usasazeke kwamanye amalungu, akukho lunyango.

Nokuba kwenzeka ntoni, unyango kwinqanaba le-4 lunokunceda ukuphucula umgangatho wobomi bakho kwaye lubandise ubomi bakho.

Ugqirha wakho ngowona mthombo wakho wokuqonda ukuba leliphi inqanaba lomhlaza okulo kwaye ucebisa ngezona ndlela zonyango zifanelekileyo onokuzifumana.

Ukuba ubona iqhuma okanye olunye utshintsho emabeleni akho, nxibelelana nogqirha wakho ukuze wenze idinga.

Ukuba sele ufumene ukuba unomdlavuza webele, xelela ugqirha wakho ukuba ufumana iintlungu, ukudumba, okanye ezinye iimpawu ezixhalabisayo.