Utywala bukuchaphazela njani: Isikhokelo sokuSela ngokuKhuselekileyo

Umxholo

• Ukufunxwa kotywala kunye nokucocwa
• Indlela umzimba obusebenzisa ngayo utywala
• Yintoni ebangela olo luvo luneengcebiso?
• Yintoni ebangela ihabango?
• Uxinzelelo lwegazi (BAC)
• Imida esemthethweni kunye engekho mthethweni ye-BAC
• Amanqanaba okunxila kumadoda nabasetyhini
• Yintoni isiselo esiqhelekileyo?
• Izindululo zokumodareyitha ngokuphakathi
• Xa ukusela kuba yingozi
• Imingcipheko yempilo yotywala
• Abantu ekufuneka bephephe utywala
• Nini ukubona ugqirha
• Ukuthatha

Nokuba uchitha ixesha nabahlobo bakho okanye uzama ukuzikhulula emva kosuku olude, uninzi lwethu luyakonwabela ukuba necocktail okanye ukuqhekeza ibhiya ebandayo ngamanye amaxesha.

Ngelixa ukusela utywala ngobungcathu kungenakulinganiswa ukuba kuyingozi, ukusela kakhulu kunokuba nemiphumo emibi yempilo.

Kodwa butywala buchaphazela njani umzimba wakho? Bungakanani utywala obuninzi? Ngaba zikhona iindlela zokusela ngokukhuselekileyo? Qhubeka nokufunda njengoko sijonga iimpendulo zale mibuzo nangaphezulu.

Ukufunxwa kotywala kunye nokucocwa

Xa sisela utywala, indawo yayo yokuqala sisisu. Kulapha apho utywala buqala ukungeniswa kwigazi lakho.

Ukuba awunako ukutya esiswini sakho, utywala bunokudlula bangene emathunjini akho amancinci ngokukhawuleza. Amathumbu amancinci anendawo ephezulu kakhulu yokufunxa kunesisu sakho, oko kuthetha ukuba utywala buya kungena egazini lakho ngokukhawuleza.

Ukuba utyile, isisu sakho siya kugxila ekwetyiseni ukutya. Ke ngoko, utywala buya kuphuma esiswini sakho kancinci kancinci.

Nje ukuba ungene egazini, utywala bunokuhamba buye kwamanye amalungu omzimba, kubandakanya isibindi. Isibindi sinoxanduva lokuphula uninzi lotywala obusebenzisayo.

Indlela umzimba obusebenzisa ngayo utywala

Ngaphakathi esibindini, utywala buxutywe, okanye buphuke, kwinkqubo enamanyathelo amabini:

• Inyathelo 1: I-enzyme ebizwa ngokuba yi-alcohol dehydrogenase iphula utywala iye kwimichiza ebizwa ngokuba yi-acetaldehyde.
• Inyathelo 2: I-enzyme eyahlukileyo yesibindi ebizwa ngokuba yi-acetaldehyde dehydrogenase yohlula utywala kwi-acetic acid.

Iiseli zomzimba wakho zaphula i-acetic acid ukuya ezantsi kwi-carbon dioxide nasemanzini. Ezi zinto zinokususwa ngokulula emzimbeni wakho ngokusebenzisa iinkqubo ezinjengokuchama nokuphefumla.

Yintoni ebangela olo luvo luneengcebiso?

Ke yintoni kanye le isinika loo ngcebiso, ukuziva unxilile? Isibindi sakho sinokucola utywala obuninzi ngexesha, oko kuthetha ukuba utywala bunokuhamba ngokuhamba kwegazi kwamanye amalungu, anje ngengqondo.

Utywala kukudakumba kwinkqubo yakho ye-nervous system (CNS). Oko kuthetha ukuba kunesiphumo esicothayo kwingqondo yakho.

Ngenxa yoku, ii-neurons ezisengqondweni yakho ziyacima iimpembelelo zemithambo-luvo ngokuthe chu. Oku kungakhokelela kwizinto ezinje ngomgwebo ongalunganga okanye ulungelelwaniso olunxulunyaniswa nokunxila.

Utywala bunokukhuthaza ukukhutshwa kwee-neurotransmitters njenge-serotonin kunye ne-dopamine. Ezi neurotransmitters zinxulunyaniswa nolonwabo kunye nomvuzo kwaye zinokukhokelela kwiimvakalelo ezinje ngolonwabo okanye ukuphumla.

Ezi mvakalelo zidityaniswa zizimpawu zomzimba ezongezelelweyo zokunxila njengokugungxula, ukubila, kunye nokonyuka komchamo.

Yintoni ebangela ihabango?

I-hangover yenzeka emva kokuba usele kakhulu utywala. Iimpawu zinokungathandeki kwaye zinokwahluka ngokwabantu. Nantsi into ebangela ukuba i-hangover:

• Ukuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni. Ukusetyenziswa kotywala kubangela ukwanda kokuchama, okukhokelela ekuphulukaneni nolwelo. Oku kunokukhokelela kwintloko ebuhlungu, ukudinwa, kunye nokunxanwa.
• Ukucaphuka kwephecana le-GI. Utywala buyabucaphukisa ubume besisu, obukhokelela kwisicaphucaphu kunye neentlungu zesisu.
• Ukuphazamiseka kokulala. Ukusela kuhlala kukhokelela ekungalali kakuhle, okunokunyusa iimvakalelo zokudinwa okanye ukudinwa.
• Iswekile esezantsi yegazi. Utywala bunokukhokelela kwiswekile esezantsi yegazi, enokubangela ukuba uzive udiniwe, ubuthathaka, okanye ukoyikeka.
• Acetaldehyde. I-Acetaldehyde (ikhemikhali eyenziwe ngotywala emzimbeni wakho) inetyhefu kwaye inokuba negalelo ekudumbeni emzimbeni wakho, okunokwenza uzive ngathi uyagula.
• Ukurhoxiswa okuncinci. Utywala bunefuthe lokuthintela kwi-CNS yakho. Xa butywala buphelile, i-CNS yakho ayiphelelanga. Oku kunokukhokelela ekubeni uzive ucaphuka ngakumbi okanye uxhalabile.

Uxinzelelo lwegazi (BAC)

Uxinzelelo lwegazi (alcohol alcohol concentration) (BAC) yipesenti yotywala egazini lomntu. Njengoko usela utywala obongezelelekileyo, ngakumbi nangakumbi bungena kwigazi lakho.

Zininzi izinto ezichaphazela indlela obutyiwa ngayo utywala kunye nemetabolism. Oku kubandakanya:

• Ukwabelana ngesondo. Ngenxa yomahluko kwimetabolism yotywala, abafazi banesifo esiphakamileyo se-BAC kunamadoda emva kwesiselo esilinganayo.
• Ubunzima. Emva kwenani elifanayo leziselo, abantu abanobunzima obuphezulu bomzimba kunokwenzeka ukuba babe ne-BAC esezantsi kunomntu onomzimba ophantsi.
• Ubudala. Abantu abancinci banokungakhathali kwezinye zeziphumo zotywala.
• Impilo iyonke nokuba unayo nayiphi na imeko yezempilo. Ezinye iimeko zinokuchaphazela amandla omzimba wokucola utywala.
• Amanqanaba etywala kunye nokunyamezelana. Izinga lokutya emzimbeni kunye nenqanaba lokunyamezelana notywala lingahluka phakathi kwabantu.

Izinto ezininzi zangaphandle zinokuchaphazela amanqanaba akho otywala egazini. Oku kubandakanya:

• uhlobo kunye namandla kotywala obuselayo
• izinga osele ngalo utywala
• ubungakanani botywala obunabo
• nokuba awutyanga
• ukuba usebenzisa utywala kunye nezinye iziyobisi okanye amayeza

Imida esemthethweni kunye engekho mthethweni ye-BAC

I-United States ichaze "umda osemthethweni" we-BAC. Ukuba ufunyaniswe ungaphezulu komda osemthethweni, uphantsi kwezohlwayo ezisemthethweni ezinje ngokubanjwa okanye ukugwetywa kwe-DUI.

E-United States, umda osemthethweni we-BAC yi-0.08 yeepesenti. Umda osemthethweni wabaqhubi bezithuthi zorhwebo ungaphantsi - iipesenti ezi-0.04.

Amanqanaba okunxila kumadoda nabasetyhini

Ngaba ikhona indlela onokuthi uyixelele inqanaba lakho lokunxila? Ekuphela kwendlela amanqanaba e-BAC anokulinganiswa ngayo kukusebenzisa uvavanyo lwe-breathalyzer okanye uvavanyo lwegazi.

Iitshathi ezingezantsi kunokuba luncedo ekubhekiseni kuzo. Babonisa ubunzima, umda osemthethweni, kunye nenqanaba lokunxila kwamadoda nabafazi.

Amanqanaba epesenti yotywala egazini emadodeni.

Amanqanaba epesenti yotywala egazini kubafazi.

Yintoni isiselo esiqhelekileyo?

Ngokuka, isiselo esiqhelekileyo sichazwa njenge-14 yeigram (okanye ii-ounces eziyi-0.6) zotywala obusulungekileyo.

Khumbula ukuba amanqanaba otywala angahluka ngesiselo esithile. Umzekelo, ngezi zikhokelo, ii-ounces ezili-12 zebhiya eyi-8 yeepesenti ngobuchwephesha ngaphezulu kwesiselo esinye. Ngokufanayo, isiselo esixubeneyo njengemargarita kusenokwenzeka ukuba sineziselo ezingaphezulu kwesinye.

Izindululo zokumodareyitha ngokuphakathi

Ke zeziphi ezinye izikhokelo ezifanelekileyo kumanqanaba aselwayo okusela? ichaza ukusela ngohlobo olulinganiselweyo ukuya kuthi ga kwisiselo esinye ngemini kubafazi kunye neziselo ezi-2 ngosuku ngamadoda.

Ukusela ngomndilili kuchazwa ukuya kuthi ga kwisiselo esi-1 ngosuku kwabasetyhini kunye neziselo ezi-2 ngosuku ngamadoda.

Ezi zikhokelo zikhuselekile ngokubanzi kubantu abaninzi. Ezinye iziphakamiso zokusetyenziswa kotywala ngokukhuselekileyo zibandakanya:

• Qiniseka ukuba awuseli esiswini esingenanto. Ukuba nokutya esiswini sakho ngelixa usela kunokucothisa ukufunxwa kotywala.
• Qinisekisa ukuba uhlala u-hydrated. Zama ukusela iglasi yamanzi phakathi kwesiselo ngasinye.
• Sipha kancinci. Zama ukunciphisa ukusela kwakho kwisiselo esinye ngeyure.
• Yazi imida yakho. Thatha isigqibo sokuba zingaphi iziselo oceba ukuzenza ngaphambi kokuqala. Sukuvumela abanye bakucinezele ukuba usele ngakumbi.

Xa ukusela kuba yingozi

Ngelixa ukusela ngobungcathu kungenakulimaza kubantu abaninzi, ukuzinkcinkca ngotywala okanye ukusela kakhulu kunokuba yingozi. Kuqala nini ukusela?

Ukusela ingxaki kubandakanya oku kulandelayo:

• Ukuzinkcinkca ngotywala, oku kuchazwa njengeziselo ezi-4 ngeyure ezi-2 kwabasetyhini neziselo ezi-5 ngeeyure ezi-2 zamadoda.
• Ukusela kakhulu, kuselwa iziselo ezisi-8 okanye nangaphezulu ngeveki kubafazi kunye neziselo ezili-15 okanye nangaphezulu ngeveki yamadoda.
• Ukusetyenziswa kotywala kotywala, okubandakanya iimpawu ezifana nokungakwazi ukuthintela ukusela kwakho, ukufuna utywala obuninzi ukuze ufezekise iziphumo ozifunayo, kunye nokuqhubeka usela ngaphandle kweziphumo ezibi ebomini bakho.

Imingcipheko yempilo yotywala

Zininzi iingozi ezinokubakho empilweni ezinxulunyaniswa nokusetyenziswa gwenxa kotywala. Ezinye zazo zibandakanya:

• ukutyhefa utywala
• umngcipheko wokulimala okanye ukufa ngelixa utywala
• ukwanda kwamathuba okuzibandakanya ekuziphatheni okubi ngokwesondo, njengokulalana ngaphandle kwekhondom okanye ezinye iindlela zokuthintela
• buthathaka amajoni omzimba, ekwenza ukuba uthambekele ngakumbi ekuguleni
• isifo sentliziyo, njengoxinzelelo lwegazi kunye nokubetha
• isifo sesibindi, njenge-hepatitis enxilisayo kunye ne-cirrhosis
• Imicimbi yokugaya ukutya, efana nezilonda kunye ne-pancreatitis
• Ukuphuhliswa kwemihlaza eyahlukeneyo, kubandakanya leyo yesibindi, ikholon kunye nebele
• Imicimbi ye-neurological, kubandakanya i-neuropathy kunye ne-dementia
• iingxaki zempilo yengqondo, ezinje ngoxinzelelo kunye noxinzelelo

Abantu ekufuneka bephephe utywala

Kukho amaqela ekufuneka ephephe ukusela kwaphela. Ziquka:

• abantu abangaphantsi kweminyaka yobudala yokusela ngokusemthethweni, engama-21 e-United States
• abasetyhini abakhulelweyo
• abantu abachacha ekusebenziseni utywala
• abantu abaceba ukuqhuba, ukusebenzisa oomatshini, okanye ukuthatha inxaxheba komnye umsebenzi ofuna ukulungelelaniswa nokulumka
• abantu abathatha amayeza anokuthi abe nonxibelelwano olubi notywala
• abantu abanempilo engaphantsi enokuthi ichaphazele kakubi utywala

Nini ukubona ugqirha

Kuya kufuneka ubone ugqirha ukuba ucinga ukuba wena okanye umntu omthandayo unokusebenzisa kakubi utywala. Jonga le miqondiso:

• Uziva ngathi usela kakhulu okanye awukwazi ukulawula ukusela kwakho.
• Ufumanisa ukuba uchitha ixesha elininzi ucinga ngotywala okanye uzama ukufumana utywala.
• Uqaphele ukuba ukusela kube nefuthe elibi kubomi bakho, kubandakanya umsebenzi wakho, ubomi bakho, okanye ubomi bakho ekuhlaleni.
• Usapho, abahlobo, okanye abantu obathandayo bavakalise inkxalabo yabo malunga nokusela kwakho.

Ukuba uchonga nayiphi na le miqondiso, thetha nogqirha. Bangasebenza ngokusondeleyo kunye nawe ukwenza isicwangciso sokukunceda uyeke ukusela.

Ukuba uqaphela le miqondiso kumhlobo okanye othandekayo, musa ukoyika ukufikelela kwaye uchaze izinto ezikuxhalabisayo. Ukubeka ungenelelo ngoncedo kunokubanceda baqonde ukuba bafuna ukufumana uncedo lokusela.

Ukuthatha

Ukusela utywala ngokumodareyitha akunakulindeleka ukuba kube nefuthe elibi kwimpilo yakho. Nangona kunjalo, ukusebenzisa kakubi utywala kunokuba neziphumo ezahlukeneyo eziyingozi.

Ukuba ukhetha ukusela, kubalulekile ukwenza njalo ngokukhuselekileyo. Oku kunokufezekiswa ngokunciphisa ukutya kwakho, ukuhlala unamanzi amaninzi, kwaye ungaseli ngaphezulu kunokuba unokukwazi ukuphatha.

Ukuba uyakholelwa ukuba wena okanye umntu omthandayo usebenzisa kakubi utywala, qiniseka ukuthetha nodokotela. Kukho ezinye iindlela zokufumana uncedo, kubandakanya i-SAMHSA yeSizwe yoNcedo (800-662-4357) kunye ne-NIAAA Alcohol Treatment Navigator.