Imidiya yokuncokola iyabulala ubuhlobo bakho

Umxholo

• Kukho ubungakanani bobuhlobo, nkqu nakwi-intanethi
• Kukho iziphumo kumanqanaba akho amandla xa uzibandakanya kwizimvo
• Zonke izinto ezithandwayo kwaye akukho mdlalo unokwenza isizukulwana esinesizungu
• Imidiya yokuncokola lihlabathi elitsha, kwaye isadinga imigaqo

Wenzelwe kuphela ukuba ube nezihlobo ezili-150. Ke… uthini ngemidiya yoluntu?

Akukho mntu ungowasemzini wokuntywila ngokunzulu kumngxunya womvundla we-Facebook. Uyayazi imeko. Kum, kungoLwesibini ebusuku kwaye ndiyaziphumla ebhedini, ndikhangela ngaphandle kwengqondo "kancinci," xa isiqingatha seyure kamva, ndingasondelanga ekuphumleni. Ndiza kufaka izimvo kwiposti yomhlobo kwaye emva koko u-Facebook ucebisa ngobuhlobo kulowo wayefunda naye, kodwa endaweni yokwenza njalo, ndiza kuhamba kwiprofayile yabo kwaye ndifunde malunga neminyaka embalwa edlulileyo yobomi babo ... ndide ndibone inqaku elindithumela ezantsi icandelo lokuphanda kunye necandelo lamagqabantshintshi elishiya ingqondo yam kwi-hyperdrive.

Ngentsasa elandelayo, ndivuka ndiziva ndidiniwe.

Mhlawumbi ukukhanya okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka okukhanyisa ubuso bethu njengoko sikrola kwiifidi kunye nabahlobo kunetyala lokuphazamisa umjikelo wethu wokulala. Ukungaphazanyiswa kungachaza ukuba grogginess kunye nokucaphuka umntu anako. Okanye inokuba yenye into.

Mhlawumbi, njengoko sizixelela ukuba sikwi-intanethi ukuhlala siqhagamshelene, ngokungazi sityhala amandla ethu kwezolwalamano nabantu. Kuthekani ukuba yonke into efana nentliziyo, kunye nokuphendula esikunika umntu okwi-intanethi eneneni kususa amandla ethu kubuhlobo obungaxhunyiwe kwi-intanethi?

Kukho ubungakanani bobuhlobo, nkqu nakwi-intanethi

Ngelixa ubuchopho bethu bunokuthi uxele umahluko phakathi kokuncokola kwi-intanethi kunye nokunxibelelana nabantu ngokwasentlalweni, akunakulindeleka ukuba siphuhlise ngakumbi-okanye iseti eyahlukileyo yamandla okusetyenziswa kweendaba zosasazo. Kukho umda wokuba bangaphi abantu esidibana nabo ngokwenyani kwaye sinamandla. Oko kuthetha ukuba iiyure zobusuku ezichithe ixesha lokuzibandakanya kwincoko nabantu ongabaziyo kwi-Intanethi zisusa amandla esinako ukukhathalela abantu esibaziyo ngaphandle kweintanethi.

"Kubonakala ngathi singakwazi ukuphatha abahlobo abamalunga ne-150, kubandakanya namalungu osapho," utshilo uR.I.M. Dunbar, PhD, unjingalwazi kwiSebe lezeNzululwazi kwiYunivesithi yaseOxford. Uxelela uHealthline ukuba lo "mda umiselwe bubungakanani beengqondo zethu."

Ngokuka-Dunbar, le yenye yezithintelo ezibonisa ukuba bangaphi abahlobo esinabo. UDunbar kunye nabanye abaphandi bakusekele oku ngokwenza iskena sobuchopho, befumanisa ukuba inani labahlobo esinabo, ngaphandle nakwi-intanethi, linxulumene nobukhulu be-neocortex yethu, icandelo lobuchopho elilawula ubudlelwane.

Isinyanzelo sesibini lixesha.

Ngokwedatha evela kwi-GlobalWebIndex, abantu bachitha umyinge ongaphezulu kweeyure ezimbini ngosuku kwimidiya yoluntu kunye nokuthumela imiyalezo kwi-2017. Esi sisiqingatha seyure ngaphezulu kunango-2012, kwaye kunokwenzeka ukuba inyuke njengoko ixesha lihamba.

"Ixesha olityala kubudlelwane limisela amandla obu budlelwane," utshilo uDunbar. Kodwa uphononongo lukaDunbar lwakutsha nje lubonisa ukuba nangona imithombo yeendaba zentlalo isivumela ukuba "siqhekeze isilingi yeglasi" yokugcina ubudlelwane ngaphandle kweintanethi kwaye sibe neenethiwekhi ezinkulu zentlalo, ayisoyisi amandla ethu endalo obuhlobo.

Rhoqo, ngaphakathi komda we-150 sinezangqa zangaphakathi okanye iileya ezifuna isixa esithile sokunxibelelana rhoqo ukugcina ubuhlobo. Nokuba kukubamba ikofu, okanye ubuncinci bokuba nohlobo oluthile lwencoko yokubuyela umva nangaphandle. Cinga ngesangqa sakho sentlalo kunye nokuba zingaphi ezohlobo zakho uzijonga zisondele kunabanye. UDunbar uqukumbela ukuba isangqa ngasinye sifuna izixa ezahlukeneyo zokuzibophelela kunye nokunxibelelana.

Uthi kufuneka sinxibelelane “ubuncinci kube kanye ngeveki kwisiseko sangaphakathi sezinto ezintlanu, ubuncinci kube kanye ngenyanga kulungelelwaniso olulandelayo lwabahlobo abayi-15, kwaye ubuncinci kube kanye ngonyaka ngomaleko ophambili we-150 'abahlobo nje. Ngaphandle kokuba ngamalungu osapho kunye nezihlobo, ezifuna ukusebenzisana rhoqo ukugcina ulwalamano.

Ke kwenzeka ntoni ukuba unomhlobo okanye inombolo yomlandeli enkulu kune-150 kwinethiwekhi yakho yemithombo yeendaba? UDunbar uthi linani elingenantsingiselo. Uyachaza: "Siyazikhohlisa. “Ngokuqinisekileyo ungabhalisa abantu abaninzi ngendlela othanda ngayo, kodwa loo nto ayibenzi babe ngabahlobo. Yonke into esiyenzayo kukusayina abantu esinokuthi ngesiqhele ukubabona njengabahlobo kwilizwe elingaxhunyiwe kwi-intanethi. ”

UDunbar uthi, njengokuba sisenza kwihlabathi lobuso, sinikezela ngobuninzi bokunxibelelana kwethu kumajelo asekuhlaleni kubantu abali-15 abasondeleyo kuthi, malunga neepesenti ezingama-40 zokunikwa kwethu ingqalelo kwii-5 zethu kunye neepesenti ezingama-60 yethu 15. Oku kuhlangana kwenye yezona mpikiswano zindala zixhasa imithombo yeendaba zentlalo: Isenokungakwandisi inani lobuhlobo bokwenyani, kodwa la maqonga anokusinceda sigcine kwaye someleze amaqhina ethu abalulekileyo. "Imithombo yeendaba kwezentlalo ibonelela ngendlela efanelekileyo yokugcina ubuhlobo obudala buhamba, ngoko ke akufuneki siyinkqonkqoze," utshilo uDunbar.

Enye yeendlela zosasazo lwentlalo kukukwazi ukuzibandakanya kumanqwanqwa abantu andihlali kufutshane. Ndingaba luluvo lwento yonke ukusuka kumaxesha axabisekileyo ukuya kwizidlo zangoku, ngalo lonke ixesha ndihamba ngesiqhelo semihla ngemihla. Kodwa kunye nolonwabo, ukondla kwam kukwakhukhumala ziintloko kunye neenkcazo ezishushu ezivela kunxibelelwano lwam kunye nabantu endingabaziyo - akunakuphepheka.

Kukho iziphumo kumanqanaba akho amandla xa uzibandakanya kwizimvo

Sebenzisa amandla akho kunxibelelwano olunzulu lwasentlalweni nabantu ongabaziyo kunokuphelisa izixhobo zakho. Emva konyulo, ndiye ndacinga ukuba amajelo osasazo anika ithuba lokuvala iyantlukwano kwezopolitiko. Ndenza izinto endinethemba lokuba zizikhundla ezihloniphekileyo zezopolitiko malunga namalungelo abasetyhini kunye nokutshintsha kwemozulu. Yabuyela umva xa omnye umntu endiqhwaba ngemiyalezo engathandekiyo ngqo, ebangela ukuba iadrenaline inyuke. Kwafuneka ndibuze ke amanyathelo am alandelayo.

Ngaba ukuzibandakanya ekuphenduleni kusempilweni kum nakwabahlobo bam?

U-2017 ube, ngokungathandabuzekiyo, yenye yeyona minyaka inzima kakhulu yokuzibandakanya kwi-Intanethi, ukuguqula iincoko ze-URL kwi-IRL (kubomi bokwenyani) iziphumo. Ukusuka kwingxoxo-mpikiswano malunga nokuziphatha, ezopolitiko, okanye isimilo esiya kwisivumo se- # metoo, sihlala sicaphuka okanye siziva sinyanzelekile ukuba siye kungena ngaphakathi. Ngokukodwa njengoko ubuso nobuso obuqhelekileyo bujoyina elinye icala. Kodwa ziziphi iindleko kuthi-nakwabanye?

"Abantu banokuziva benyanzelekile ukuba babonakalise ingqumbo yabo kwi-Intanethi ngenxa yokuba bafumana ingxelo eyakhayo ngokwenza oko," utshilo uM.J. Crockett, isazi ngemithambo-luvo. Kumsebenzi wakhe, uphanda indlela abantu abavakalisa ngayo kwimidiya yoluntu nokuba uvelwano okanye uvelwano lwahlukile kwi-Intanethi kunasebusweni. Ukuthanda omnye okanye ukuphawula kunokubhekiswa ekuqinisekiseni izimvo, kodwa banokubakho kwibhola ekhephu kunye nokuchaphazela ubudlelwane bakho ngaphandle kweintanethi.

Iqela lophando likaFacebook nalo libuze umbuzo ofanayo: Ngaba imidiya yoluntu ilungile okanye imbi kwimpilo yethu? Impendulo yabo yayikukuba ukuchitha ixesha kwakungalunganga, kodwa ukusebenzisana ngokubonakalayo kwakulungile. Ukusasaza nje ngokuhlaziya ubume bekungonelanga; abantu kuye kwafuneka basebenzisane ubuso ngobuso nabanye kwinethiwekhi, ”utshilo uDavid Ginsberg kunye noMoira Burke, abaphandi kuFacebook, baxela kwigumbi labo leendaba. Bathi "ukwabelana ngemiyalezo, iiposti kunye nezimvo nabahlobo abasenyongweni kunye nokukhumbula unxibelelwano lwangaphambili-kunxulunyaniswa nokuphuculwa kwempilo-ntle."

Kodwa kwenzeka ntoni xa oku kunxibelelana kusebenza kubola? Nokuba awunabudlelane nomntu kwimpikiswano, unxibelelwano- ubuncinci- bunokutshintsha ukubonakala kwakho kunye nabo.

Kwinqaku le-Vanity Fair malunga nokuphela kwexesha leendaba zentlalo, uNick Bilton wabhala: "Kwiminyaka eyadlulayo, umphathi we-Facebook wandixelela ukuba esona sizathu sokuba abantu bangazithandani kukuba abavumelani ngombandela othile. Isigqeba siqhula sathi, 'Ngubani owaziyo, ukuba oku kuyaqhubeka, mhlawumbi sizakuphela sinabantu nje abanabahlobo abambalwa ku-Facebook.' zenze izixhobo ezikrazula intlalo yendlela abantu abasebenza ngayo… [Imidiya yokuncokola] isonakalisa iziseko zendlela abantu abaziphatha ngayo naphakathi komnye nomnye. ”

"Kukho ubungqina bokuba abantu bazimisele ukohlwaya abanye xa benxibelelana nekhompyuter kunokubona xa benxibelelana ubuso ngobuso," utshilo uCrockett. Ukubonisa ingqumbo yokuziphatha nako kunokuvula iimpendulo ezingalunganga ngokubuyisela, nakubantu abangenalo uvelwano olukhulu kwizimvo ezahlukeneyo. Xa kuziwa ekubandakanyeni incoko, unokufuna ukuguqula unxibelelwano kwi-Intanethi lube ngaphandle kweintanethi. UCrocket ukhankanya ukuba "kukwakho nophando olubonisa ukuba ukuva amazwi abanye abantu kusinceda ukuba silwe nokuziphatha kakubi ngexesha leengxoxo zezopolitiko."

Kwabo banomdla kwezopolitiko nakwezentlalo kwaye bafumana isisombululo esaneleyo sokuqhubeka kwimidiya yoluntu, thatha ingcebiso kaCeleste Headlee. Iminyaka yakhe yamava odliwanondlebe kwintetho yemihla ngemihla ye-Georgia Public Radio "Kwindlela yesibini yokucinga" yamqhubela ekubeni abhale "Sifuna Ukuthetha: Indlela Yokuba Nencoko Ebaluleke" kwaye simnike intetho ye-TED, Iindlela ezili-10 zokuba Nencoko engcono.

"Cinga ngaphambi kokuba uthumele," utshilo u-Headlee. Phambi kokuba uphendule kwimidiya yoluntu, funda iposti yoqobo ubuncinci kabini ukuze uqiniseke ukuba uyayiqonda. Emva koko yenza uphando oluncinci ngalo mbandela. Yonke le nto ithatha ixesha, iyakuhlisa isantya, kwaye igcina neengcinga zakho kwimeko. ”

I-Autumn Collier, unontlalontle osekwe eAtlanta ophatha abaguli abanenkxalabo ngeziyobisi zentlalo, uyavuma. Ukuthumela ezopolitiko kufuna amandla amaninzi kunye nembuyekezo encinci kutyalo-mali, utshilo. "Kungaziva ngathi kunika amandla ngelo xesha, kodwa emva koko uyabanjwa 'Ngaba baphendule?' Kwaye bathathe inxaxheba kwincoko yababini nengxoxo engeyongozi. Iya kuba luncedo ngakumbi ukubeka loo mandla kwisizathu okanye ubhalele oosopolitiki basekuhlaleni. ”

Kwaye ngamanye amaxesha, kunokuba kubhetele ukungahoyi incoko. Ukwazi ixesha lokuhamba uye ngaphandle kwangaphandle kunokuba yinto ephambili kwimpilo yakho yengqondo kunye nokugcina ubuhlobo obuzayo.

Zonke izinto ezithandwayo kwaye akukho mdlalo unokwenza isizukulwana esinesizungu

Xa kufikwa ekuhlaleni unxibelelana nabahlobo, kukwabalulekile ukwazi ukuba ungaziphinda nini xa unxibelelana ubuso ngobuso. Ngelixa uDunbar encome izibonelelo zosasazo lwasentlalweni, kukwakho neqela elikhulayo lophando malunga neziphumo ezibi zosasazo lwentlalo, njengokunyuka koxinzelelo, unxunguphalo, kunye neemvakalelo zokuziva ulilolo. Ezi mvakalelo zinokubangelwa linani labantu olilandelayo kunye nokuzibandakanya nabo, izihlobo okanye hayi.

"Imidiya yoluntu iyazibhengeza ngokwandisa unxibelelwano lwethu, kodwa izifundo ezininzi zibonisa ukuba abantu abachitha ixesha elininzi kwimidiya yoluntu banesithukuthezi ngakumbi, hayi kancinci," utshilo uJean Twenge, umbhali we "iGen: Kutheni le nto abantwana banamhlanje bedityaniswa. Bayakhula Ngaphantsi Banemvukelo, Bayanyamezeleka, Bonwabile Kancinci- kwaye Abakulungelanga Ukuba Ngabantu Abadala. ” Inqaku lakhe le-Atlantic, "Ngaba ii-Smartphones zonakalise isizukulwana?" yenze amaza kwangoko kulo nyaka kwaye yabangela uninzi lweemillennials kunye ne-postmillennials, ukuba zenze kanye le nto zinokucinezela abantu: Bonakalisa ingqumbo yokuziphatha.

Kodwa uphando lukaTwenge alunasihlahla. Uphande ngeziphumo zokusetyenziswa kweendaba zosasazo kulutsha, efumanisa ukuba esona sizukulwana sitsha sichitha ixesha elincinci ukuchitha ixesha nabahlobo kunye nexesha elininzi lokunxibelelana kwi-Intanethi. Lo mkhwa unonxibelelwano neziphumo zoxinzelelo kulutsha kunye neemvakalelo zokunqanyulwa kunye nokwanda kwesizungu.

Kodwa nangona kungekho nanye kwezi zifundo eqinisekisa ukuba kukho i-causation, kukho imvakalelo yokuqheleka. Oluvakalelo luye lwayilwa njenge-FOMO, uloyiko lokulahleka. Kodwa ayikhawulelwanga kwisizukulwana esinye. Ukuchitha ixesha kwimidiya yoluntu kunokuba nefuthe elifanayo kubantu abadala, nakwabadala.

I-FOMO inokujika ibe ngumjikelo okhohlakeleyo wokuthelekisa nokungasebenzi. Okubi ngakumbi, kunokubangela ukuba uphile "ubudlelwane" bakho kwimidiya yoluntu.Endaweni yokonwabela ixesha elisemgangathweni nabahlobo, abanye ababalulekileyo, okanye usapho, ujonge amabali kunye nee-Snaps zabanye yabo abahlobo kunye nosapho. Endaweni yokuzibandakanya nezinto esizithandayo eziza kukuzisela ulonwabo, ujonge abanye benza izinto zokuzonwabisa esinqwenela ukuba sibe nazo. Lo msebenzi "wokuxhoma" kwimidiya yoluntu unokubangela ukungahoyi izihlobo kuzo zonke izangqa.

Uyasikhumbula isifundo sikaDunbar? Ukuba siyasilela ukunxibelelana nabantu esibathandayo rhoqo, "umgangatho wobuhlobo uyehla ngokungenakulinganiswa kwaye ngokukhawuleza," utshilo. "Kwiinyanga nje ezimbalwa bengabonanga mntu, baya kube behle behla besiya kwelandelayo."

Imidiya yokuncokola lihlabathi elitsha, kwaye isadinga imigaqo

I-Star Trek ivula isiqendu ngasinye ngalo mgca: "Isithuba: Umda wokugqibela." Kwaye ngelixa uninzi lucinga ngaloo nto ngathi ngumnyele kunye neenkwenkwezi ezingaphaya, inokubhekisa kwi-intanethi. IWebhu eBanzi yeHlabathi igcinwe ngokungenamda kwaye, njengendalo iphela, ayinalo umda okanye imida. Kodwa ngelixa umda usenokungabikho kwi-intanethi-amandla ethu, imizimba kunye nengqondo zisakwazi ukuphuma.

Njengokuba u-Larissa Pham ebhale ngokucacileyo kwi-tweet ye-virus: ukuthandwa kunye ne-40, 755 iimpendulo.

Ihlabathi linamandla ngoku, nangakumbi xa uhlala ukwi-Intanethi. Endaweni yokufunda esinye esaphula umxholo ngexesha, ukutya okuphakathi kuya kufuna ingqalelo yethu ngamabali aneleyo, nantoni na evela kwiinyikima ukuya kwizinja ezifanelekileyo kwiiakhawunti zakho. Uninzi lwezi zikwabhalelwe ukwenza iimvakalelo zethu kwaye zigcine sicofa kwaye siskrola. Kodwa akukho mfuneko yokuba ube yinxalenye yalo ngalo lonke ixesha.

"Qaphela ukuba ukunxibelelana rhoqo kwifowuni nakwimithombo yeendaba zentlalo akulunganga kwimpilo yakho yengqondo nengokwasemzimbeni," u-Headlee usikhumbuza. Yiphathe ngendlela othanda ngayo iilekese okanye iiFries zaseFrance: Musa ukuntywila. ” Imidiya yokuncokola likrele elintlangothi-mbini.

Ukuba kwi-smartphone yakho kunokukhupha amandla anokuthi achithwe ekubandakanyeni ubudlelwane bokwenene kunye nabahlobo bakho okanye intsapho. Imithombo yeendaba kwezentlalo ayisiso isimiselo sokuyeka isithukuthezi, unxunguphalo okanye isizungu. Ekupheleni kosuku, abantu bakho obathandayo.

Uphando lubonisa ukuba ubuhlobo obulungileyo bubalulekile empilweni yakho. Ngokukodwa, ukuba nobuhlobo obusondeleyo kunye nokusebenza ngcono, ngakumbi njengoko sikhula. Uphononongo lwamva nje lwamacandelo abantu abadala abangaphezu kwe-270,000 bafumanisa ukuba ubunzima obuvela kubuhlobo buqikelele izifo ezingapheliyo. Ke sukugcina abahlobo bakho kubude bengalo, itshixiwe kwifowuni yakho nakwiiDM.

UDunbar uthi: "Abahlobo bakho basinika amagxa okukhala xa izinto zisonakala." "Nokuba umntu unovelwano kangakanani kuFacebook okanye kuSkype, ekugqibeleni iba negxalaba lokulilela kulo nto yenza umahluko wokuba sikwazi ukumelana noko."

UJennifer Chesak ngumhleli wencwadi esekwe eNashville kunye nomyaleli wokubhala. Ukwayihambo lokuhambahamba, ukuba sempilweni, kunye nombhali wezempilo kwiimpapasho ezininzi zesizwe. Ufumene uMphathi wezeNzululwazi kwi-journalism evela eMedill's Northwestern's kwaye usebenza kwincwadi yakhe yokuqala yamabali, ebekwe kwilizwe lakhe laseNyakatho Dakota.