IFluoride: Ngaba ilungile okanye imbi?

Umxholo

• Yintoni iFluoride?
• Imithombo yeFluoride
• I-Fluoride inceda ukuthintela imiGodi yamazinyo
• Ukutya okugqithisileyo kunokubangela iFluorosis
• Fluorosis yamazinyo
• Umtsalane weFluorosis
• Ngaba iFluoride inayo nayiphi na eminye imiphumo emibi?
• Ukuqhekeka kwamathambo
• Umngcipheko woMhlaza
• Ukuphuhla kobuchopho
• Ukufakwa kwamanzi emanzini kuyimpikiswano
• Thatha uMyalezo waseKhaya

I-fluoride yimichiza edla ngokudityaniswa kwintlama yamazinyo.

Inesakhono esikhethekileyo sokuthintela ukubola kwamazinyo.

Ngesi sizathu, i-fluoride yongezwa ngokubanzi kunikezelo lwamanzi ukuphucula impilo yamazinyo.

Nangona kunjalo, abantu abaninzi banenkxalabo malunga nomngcipheko onokubakho ngenxa yokutya kakhulu.

Eli nqaku lithatha ukujonga okunzulu kwi-fluoride kwaye livavanye indlela elinokuthi liyichaphazele ngayo impilo yakho.

Yintoni iFluoride?

I-fluoride yi-ion engalunganga yento ye-fluorine. Imelwe yifomula yemichiza F-.

Itholakala ngokubanzi kwindalo, ngokulandelelana. Ivela ngokwendalo emoyeni, emhlabeni, kwizityalo, ematyeni, emanzini amatsha, kulwandle nakukutya okuninzi.

I-fluoride idlala indima ekukhuleni kwamathambo kunye namazinyo akho, inkqubo ebalulekileyo yokuzigcina zomelele kwaye zomelele.

Ngapha koko, malunga ne-99% ye-fluoride yomzimba igcinwe emathanjeni nasemazinyweni.

I-fluoride nayo ibalulekile ekuthinteleni ukubola kwamazinyo, okwaziwa ngokuba yimingxunya. Kungenxa yoko le nto yongezwe kunikezelo lwamanzi oluntu kumazwe amaninzi ().

I-fluoride yindlela ye-ionized yefluorine yento. Isasazwa ngokubanzi kwindalo kwaye ixhasa ukuthanjiswa kwamathambo namazinyo. I-fluoride inokunceda ekuthinteleni imingxunya.

Imithombo yeFluoride

I-fluoride inokungeniswa okanye ifakwe kumazinyo akho.

Nantsi eminye imithombo ephambili ye-fluoride:

• Amanzi acocekileyo: Amazwe afana ne-US, i-UK ne-Australia zongeza i-fluoride kunikezelo lwamanzi oluntu. E-US, amanzi aphendulwa ngamanzi aqukethe iipesenti eziyi-0.7 ngesigidi (ppm).
• Amanzi aphantsi komhlaba: Amanzi aphantsi komhlaba aqukethe i-fluoride, kodwa uxinzelelo luyahluka. Ngokwesiqhelo, iphakathi kwe-0.01 ukuya kwi-0.3 ppm, kodwa kwezinye iindawo amanqanaba aphezulu anobungozi akhona. Oku kunokubangela iingxaki zempilo (2).
• Izixhasi zeFluoride: Ezi ziyafumaneka njengamathontsi okanye iipilisi. Izincedisi ze-fluoride ziyacetyiswa kubantwana abangaphezulu kweenyanga ezi-6 ubudala abanomngcipheko ophezulu wokukhula kwimingxunya kwaye bahlala kwiindawo ezingekho fluoridated ().
• Okunye ukutya: Ukutya okuthile kusenziwa kusetyenziswe amanzi apholileyo okanye kungafunxa ifloride emhlabeni. Amagqabi eti, ngakumbi amadala, anokuba ne-fluoride ngexabiso eliphezulu kunokunye ukutya (, 5,).
• Iimveliso zonyango lwamazinyo: I-fluoride yongezwa kwinani leemveliso zokukhathalelwa kwamazinyo kwintengiso, njengentlama yamazinyo kunye nokuhlamba umlomo.

Amanzi ane-fluoridated ngowona mthombo uphambili we-fluoride kumazwe amaninzi. Eminye imithombo ibandakanya amanzi aphantsi komhlaba, izincedisi ze-fluoride, okunye ukutya kunye neemveliso zonyango lwamazinyo.

I-Fluoride inceda ukuthintela imiGodi yamazinyo

Ukutsalwa kwamazinyo, okwaziwa ngokuba yimingxunya okanye ukubola kwamazinyo, sisifo somlomo ().

Zibangelwa ziintsholongwane ezihlala emlonyeni wakho.

Ezi bhaktheriya zidiliza i-carbs kwaye zivelise ii-asidi ze-organic ezinokonakalisa i-enamel yamazinyo, umaleko ongaphandle wezinyo ocekeceke.

Le asidi inokukhokelela ekulahlekelweni kwezimbiwa kwi-enamel, inkqubo ebizwa ngokuba yi-demineralization.

Xa ukutshintshwa kwezimbiwa, okubizwa ngokuba kukukhumbuza kwakhona, kungahambelani neeminerali ezilahlekileyo, kubakho imingxunya.

I-Fluoride inokunceda ukuthintela ukubola kwamazinyo ngo ():

• Ukuncipha kwemida yokusebenza: I-Fluoride inokunceda ekunciphiseni ukuphulukana neeminerali kwi-enamel yezinyo.
• Ukuphucula ukuqinisekiswa kwakhona: I-fluoride inokukhawulezisa inkqubo yokulungisa kwaye incede ekubuyiseleni iiminerali kwi-enamel ().
• Ukuthintela imisebenzi yebhaktiriya: I-fluoride iyakwazi ukunciphisa imveliso ye-asidi ngokungenelela kwimisebenzi yee-enzyme zebhakteria. Inokuthintela ukukhula kweentsholongwane ().

Ngama-1980, kwaboniswa ukuba i-fluoride iyasebenza kakhulu ekuthinteleni imingxunya xa isetyenziswe ngqo emazinyweni (,,).

I-Fluoride inokulwa nemingxunya ngokuphucula ibhalansi phakathi kokufumana amaminerali kunye nelahleko kwizinyo le-enamel. Inokuthintela nomsebenzi weentsholongwane zomlomo eziyingozi.

Ukutya okugqithisileyo kunokubangela iFluorosis

Ukuthatha ngaphezulu kwe-fluoride ixesha elide kunokubangela i-fluorosis.

Zimbini iintlobo eziphambili ezikhoyo: amazinyo e-fluorosis kunye ne-skeletal fluorosis.

Fluorosis yamazinyo

I-fluorosis yamazinyo ibonakaliswa lutshintsho olubonakalayo ekubonakala kwamazinyo.

Kwiifom ezinobulali, utshintsho lubonakala njengamabala amhlophe emazinyweni kwaye ubukhulu becala yingxaki yezithambiso. Iimeko ezinzima kakhulu aziqhelekanga, kodwa zinxulunyaniswa namabala amdaka kunye namazinyo abuthathaka ().

I-Dental fluorosis yenzeka kuphela ngexesha lokudalwa kwamazinyo ebuntwaneni, kodwa elona xesha libaluleke kakhulu lingaphantsi kweminyaka emibini ().

Abantwana abasebenzisa kakhulu i-fluoride evela kwimithombo emininzi kwithuba lexesha banomngcipheko ophezulu we-Fluorosis yamazinyo ().

Umzekelo, banokuginya intlama yamazinyo e-fluoridated ngesixa esikhulu kwaye badle i-fluoride eninzi kwifom yokongeza, ukongeza ekungeniseni amanzi aphucukileyo.

Iintsana ezifumana isondlo sazo ubukhulu becala kwiifomula ezixutywe namanzi aphefumlelweyo zinokuba semngciphekweni wokukhula kwamazinyo ().

I-Dental fluorosis yimeko etshintsha ukubonakala kwamazinyo, okuthi kwimeko ezinqabileyo kube sisiphene sezithambiso. Kwenzeka kuphela kubantwana ngexesha lokukhula kwamazinyo.

Umtsalane weFluorosis

I-Skeletal fluorosis sisifo samathambo esichaphazela ukuqokelelwa kwe-fluoride ethanjeni kwiminyaka emininzi ().

Kwangoko, iimpawu zibandakanya ukuqina kunye nentlungu edibeneyo. Iimeko eziphambili zinokubangela ukuba kuguqulwe ubume bethambo kunye nokubalwa kwemisipha.

I-Skeletal fluorosis ixhaphake kakhulu kumazwe afana ne-India ne China.

Apho, ikakhulu inxulunyaniswa nokusetyenziswa ixesha elide kwamanzi omhlaba anamanqanaba aphezulu e-fluoride ngokwendalo, okanye ngaphezulu kwe-8 ppm (2, 19).

Iindlela ezongezelelekileyo zabantu abakule mimandla zokungenisa i-fluoride kubandakanya ukutshisa amalahle ekhaya kunye nokutya uhlobo oluthile lweti ebizwa ngokuba yitena yezitena (,).

Qaphela ukuba i-skeletal fluorosis ayisiyongxaki kwimimandla eyongeza i-fluoride emanzini kuthintelo lwe-cavity, kuba le mali ilawulwa ngokuqinileyo.

I-Skeletal fluorosis yenzeka kuphela xa abantu bevezwa sisixa esikhulu kakhulu se-fluoride ixesha elide.

I-Skeletal fluorosis sisifo esibuhlungu esinokutshintsha ukwakheka kwethambo kwiimeko ezinzima. Kuqheleke kakhulu kwimimandla ethile eAsia apho amanzi aphantsi komhlaba aphezulu kakhulu kwi-fluoride.

Ngaba iFluoride inayo nayiphi na eminye imiphumo emibi?

I-fluoride ibisoloko iphikisana ixesha elide ().

Iiwebhusayithi ezininzi zibanga ukuba iyityhefu enokubangela zonke iintlobo zeengxaki zempilo, kubandakanya umhlaza.

Nantsi ke imiba yezempilo exhaphakileyo enxulunyaniswe ne-fluoride kunye nobungqina obungemva kwabo.

Ukuqhekeka kwamathambo

Obunye ubungqina bubonisa ukuba i-fluoride inokuwenza buthathaka amathambo kwaye inyuse umngcipheko wokuqhekeka. Nangona kunjalo, oku kwenzeka kuphela phantsi kweemeko ezithile ().

Olunye uphononongo luye lwajonga ukwaphuka kwamathambo kubantu baseTshayina abanamanqanaba ahlukeneyo e-fluoride ngokwendalo. Amanqanaba okophuka anyuke xa abantu bevezwa kumanqanaba asezantsi kakhulu okanye aphezulu kakhulu e-fluoride ixesha elide ().

Kwelinye icala, amanzi okusela ajikeleze i-1 ppm ye-fluoride enxulunyaniswa nokwehla komngcipheko wokuqhekeka.

Ukufakwa okuphantsi kakhulu kunye nokuphakama okuphezulu kakhulu kwe-fluoride ngamanzi okusela kunokunyusa umngcipheko wokuqhekeka kwamathambo xa usetyenziswe ixesha elide. Uphando olongezelelweyo luyafuneka.

Umngcipheko woMhlaza

I-Osteosarcoma luhlobo olunqabileyo lomhlaza wamathambo. Ihlala ichaphazela amathambo amakhulu emzimbeni kwaye ixhaphake kakhulu kubantu abancinci, ngakumbi abesilisa (,).

Izifundo ezininzi ziphande unxibelelwano phakathi kwamanzi okusela aphucukileyo kunye nomngcipheko we-osteosarcoma. Uninzi alufumananga khonkco lucacileyo (,,,,).

Ukanti olunye uphononongo luxele umanyano phakathi kokuvezwa kwe-fluoride ebuntwaneni kunye nomngcipheko okhulayo womhlaza wamathambo phakathi kwamakhwenkwe amancinci, kodwa hayi amantombazana ().

Ngomngcipheko womhlaza ngokubanzi, akukho ntlangano ifunyenweyo ().

Akukho bungqina buqinisekileyo bokucebisa ukuba amanzi aphuculweyo anyusa umngcipheko wohlobo olunqabileyo lomhlaza wamathambo obizwa ngokuba yi-osteosarcoma, okanye umhlaza ngokubanzi.

Ukuphuhla kobuchopho

Kukho izinto ezixhalabisayo malunga nokuba ifluoride iyichaphazela njani ingqondo yomntu ekhulayo.

Olunye uphononongo luvavanye izifundo zokujonga ezingama-27 ikakhulu ezenziwa e-China ().

Abantwana abahlala kwimimandla apho i-fluoride ibikhona ngesixa esiphakamileyo emanzini banamanqaku asezantsi e-IQ, xa kuthelekiswa nalabo bahlala kwiindawo ezinamanani asezantsi ().

Nangona kunjalo, iziphumo zazincinci, zilingana namanqaku asixhenxe e-IQ. Ababhali baphinde bachaza ukuba uphononongo olwenziweyo alunelanga.

Olunye uphononongo lwezifundo zokujonga ikakhulu oluvela e-China lufumanise ukuba amanzi anezixa eziphezulu ze-fluoride anganefuthe elibi kumanqaku e-IQ yabantwana. Nangona kunjalo, oku kufuneka kufundwe ngakumbi.

Ukufakwa kwamanzi emanzini kuyimpikiswano

Ukongeza i-fluoride emanzini okusela esidlangalaleni yiminyaka engamashumi eminyaka ubudala, isenzo esinempikiswano ukunciphisa imingxunya ().

Ukuhanjiswa kwamanzi kwaqala e-US kwiminyaka yoo-1940, kwaye malunga nama-70% abantu base-US okwangoku bafumana amanzi apholileyo.

I-fluoridation inqabile eYurophu. Amazwe amaninzi agqibe ekubeni ayeke ukongeza ifluoride emanzini okusela esidlangalaleni ngenxa yokhuseleko nokusebenza ngokufanelekileyo (,).

Uninzi lwabantu luyathandabuza nangokusebenza kongenelelo. Abanye bathi impilo yamazinyo akufuneki iphathwe "ngamayeza amaninzi," kodwa kufuneka kujongwane nayo kwinqanaba lomntu ngamnye (,).

Ngeli xesha, imibutho emininzi yezempilo iyaqhubeka nokuxhasa ukufudumeza amanzi kwaye ithi yindlela ebiza imali yokunciphisa imingxunya yamazinyo.

Amanzi aphuma emanzini kukungenelela kwempilo yoluntu okuqhubeka nokuba ngumxholo wengxoxo. Ngelixa imibutho emininzi yezempilo iyayixhasa, bambi bathi le nto ayilunganga kwaye ilingana "nokunyanga abantu abaninzi."

Thatha uMyalezo waseKhaya

Njengazo zonke ezinye izondlo, i-fluoride ibonakala ikhuselekile kwaye iyasebenza xa isetyenziswa kwaye isetyenziswa kwixabiso elifanelekileyo.

Inokukunceda ukukhusela imingxunya, kodwa ukuyityisa ngesixa esikhulu ngamanzi okusela kunokukhokelela kwimicimbi yezempilo.

Nangona kunjalo, oku ikakhulu kuyingxaki kumazwe anamazinga aphezulu e-fluoride emanzini, afana ne China ne India.

Isixa se-fluoride silawulwa ngokuqinile kumazwe awongeza ngabom kumanzi okusela.

Ngelixa abanye bethandabuza indlela yokuziphatha elungenelelo ngoncedo lukarhulumente, amanzi oluntu afudisiweyo alunakubangela naziphi na iingxaki zempilo.