IHuman Papillomavirus (HPV) yomlomo: Into ekufuneka uyazi

Umxholo

• Zithini iimpawu ze-HPV yomlomo?
• Yintoni ebangela i-HPV yomlomo?
• Izibalo malunga ne-HPV yomlomo
• Zeziphi izinto ezinobungozi kwi-HPV yomlomo?
• Ichongwa njani i-HPV yomlomo?
• Iphathwa njani i-HPV yomlomo?
• Ukuxela kwangaphambili ukuba unomdla kwi-HPV
• Ungayikhusela njani kwi-HPV yomlomo?
• Ugonyo

Ushwankathelo

Uninzi lwabantu ababa neentlobano zesini baya kuba nesivumelwano nepapillomavirus yabantu (HPV) ngaxa lithile ebomini babo. I-HPV sisifo esosulela ngokwabelana ngesondo e-United States. Zingaphezulu kwe-100 iintlobo ze-HPV ezikhoyo, kwaye ngaphezulu kwe-40 subtypes ye-HPV inokuchaphazela indawo yesini kunye nomqala.

I-HPV isasazeka ngokudibana kolusu nolusu. Uninzi lwabantu lungena kwi-HPV kwindawo yabo yesini ngokwabelana ngesondo. Ukuba ubelana ngesondo ngomlomo, unokukufumana emlonyeni okanye emqaleni. Oku kwaziwa kakhulu njenge-HPV yomlomo.

Zithini iimpawu ze-HPV yomlomo?

I-HPV yomlomo ihlala ingenazo iimpawu. Oku kuthetha ukuba abantu abaqondi ukuba bosulelekile kwaye kunqabile ukuba bathathe amanyathelo ayimfuneko ukunciphisa ukusasazeka kwesi sifo. Kuyenzeka ukuba uphuhlise iimfazwe emlonyeni okanye emqaleni kwiimeko ezithile, kodwa oku akuqhelekanga.

Olu hlobo lwe-HPV lunokujika lube ngumhlaza we-oropharyngeal, onqabileyo. Ukuba unomdlavuza we-oropharyngeal, iiseli zomhlaza zenza phakathi komqala, kubandakanywa ulwimi, iitoni kunye neendonga ze-pharynx. Ezi seli zinokukhula ukusuka kwi-HPV yomlomo. Iimpawu zokuqala zomhlaza we-oropharyngeal zibandakanya:

• ingxaki yokuginya
• iindlebe ezingapheliyo
• ukhohlela igazi
• ukwehla kobunzima obungachazwanga
• ukwandisa ii-lymph node
• umqala obuhlungu rhoqo
• amaqhuma ezidleleni
• ukudumba okanye amaqhuma entanyeni
• ukudinwa

Ukuba uqaphela nayiphi na kwezi mpawu kwaye uyazi okanye ucinga ukuba unayo i-HPV, yenza idinga nogqirha wakho ngoko nangoko.

Yintoni ebangela i-HPV yomlomo?

I-HPV yomlomo yenzeka xa intsholongwane ingena emzimbeni, ihlala isikwe okanye ikrazuke ngaphakathi emlonyeni. Abantu bahlala beyifumana ngokwabelana ngesondo ngomlomo. Olunye uphando luyimfuneko ukumisela ukuba abantu bafumana njani kwaye badlula njani kusulelo lwe-HPV yomlomo.

Izibalo malunga ne-HPV yomlomo

Phantse ngoku bane-HPV, kwaye abantu baya kufunyaniswa kusanda kufunyaniswa kulo nyaka kuphela.

Phantse iipesenti ezisixhenxe zabantu baseMelika abaneminyaka eli-14 ukuya kwengama-69 ubudala bane-HPV yomlomo. Inani labantu abane-HPV yomlomo inyukile kule minyaka ingamashumi amathathu idlulileyo. Kuqheleke kakhulu emadodeni kunabafazi.

Phantse ezibini kwisithathu somhlaza we-oropharyngeal somhlaza une-HPV DNA kuzo. Olona hlobo luqhelekileyo lwe-HPV yomlomo yi-HPV-16. I-HPV-16 ithathwa njengohlobo lomngcipheko ophezulu.

Umhlaza we-Oropharyngeal unqabile. Phantse iipesenti ezi-1 zabantu bane-HPV-16. Ngaphantsi kwabantu abayi-15,000 bafumana i-HPV-positive oropharyngeal cancer zomntu ngamnye ngonyaka.

Zeziphi izinto ezinobungozi kwi-HPV yomlomo?

Izinto ezinobungozi kwi-HPV yomlomo zibandakanya oku kulandelayo:

• Ukwabelana ngesondo ngomlomo okanye iimpundu. Ubungqina bucebisa ukuba ukonyuka kwesondo ngomlomo kunokuba semngciphekweni, amadoda abe semngciphekweni, ngakumbi ukuba ayatshaya.
• Amaqabane amaninzi. Ukuba namaqabane amaninzi owabelana nawo ngesondo kunokunyusa umngcipheko. NgokweKliniki yaseCleveland, ukuba namaqabane angaphezu kwama-20 okwabelana ngesondo ngaphezu kwexesha lakho lokuphila kunokwandisa amathuba akho okufumana usulelo ngomlomo lwe-HPV ukuya kuthi ga kwiipesenti ezingama-20.
• Ukutshaya. Ukutshaya kubonisiwe ukunceda ukukhuthaza ukuhlasela kwe-HPV. Ukungenisa umsi oshushu kukwenza ube sengozini ngakumbi kwiinyembezi kunye nokusikeka emlonyeni, kwaye kukwayinto enobungozi ekuphuhliseni umhlaza womlomo.
• Ukusela utywala. ukuba utywala obuninzi bonyusa umngcipheko wosulelo lwe-HPV emadodeni. Ukuba uyatshaya kwaye uyasela, usemngciphekweni omkhulu ngakumbi.
• Vula umlomo. Olunye uphando luye lwathi umlomo ovulekileyo wokuphuza yinto enobungozi, njengoko inokudluliselwa isuka emlonyeni uye emlonyeni, kodwa uphando olongezelelweyo luyafuneka ukumisela ukuba oku kuyonyusa umngcipheko we-HPV yomlomo.
• Ukuba yindoda. Amadoda anomngcipheko omkhulu wokufumana isifo somlomo se-HPV kunabafazi.

Ubudala buyinto enobungozi kumhlaza we-oropharyngeal. Kuqheleke kakhulu kubantu abadala kuba kuthatha iminyaka ukukhula.

Ichongwa njani i-HPV yomlomo?

Akukho vavanyo lufumanekayo lokufumanisa ukuba unayo i-HPV yomlomo. Ugqirha wakho wamazinyo okanye ugqirha unokufumanisa izilonda ngokuvavanywa komhlaza, okanye ungazibona izilonda kuqala kwaye wenze idinga.

Ukuba unezilonda, ugqirha wakho unokwenza i-biopsy ukubona ukuba ngaba izilonda zinomhlaza. Kananjalo baya kuvavanya iisampulu ze-biopsy ze-HPV. Ukuba i-HPV ikhona, umhlaza unokuphendula ngakumbi kunyango.

Iphathwa njani i-HPV yomlomo?

Uninzi lweentlobo ze-HPV yomlomo ziyahamba ngaphambi kokuba zibangele nayiphi na imiba yezempilo. Ukuba uphuhlisa iintsumpa zomlomo ngenxa ye-HPV, ugqirha wakho uya kuzisusa iintsumpa.

Ukunyanga iintsumpa ngonyango lwezihloko kunokuba nzima kuba iintsumpa kunokuba nzima ukufikelela kuzo. Ugqirha wakho unokusebenzisa nayiphi na kwezi ndlela zilandelayo ukunyanga iintsumpa:

• ukususwa ngotyando
• i-cryotherapy, kulapho intsumpa iqabile
• I-interferon alfa-2B (Intron A, Roferon-A), isitofu

Ukuxela kwangaphambili ukuba unomdla kwi-HPV

Ukuba uhlakulela umdlavuza we-oropharyngeal, iindlela zokonyango ziyafumaneka. Unyango lwakho kunye nokuxela kwangaphambili kuxhomekeke kwinqanaba kunye nendawo okuyo umhlaza wakho nokuba awuhambelani ne-HPV.

I-HPV-positive oropharyngeal cancers ineziphumo ezingcono kunye nokubuyela umva emva konyango kunee-cancer ze-HPV-negative. Unyango lomhlaza we-oropharyngeal unokubandakanya unyango lwe-radiation, utyando, ichemotherapy, okanye indibaniselwano yezi.

Ungayikhusela njani kwi-HPV yomlomo?

Uninzi lwemibutho yezonyango neyamazinyo ayikukhuthazi ukuhlolwa kwe-HPV yomlomo. Utshintsho kwindlela yokuphila zezinye zeendlela ezilula zokunceda ukuthintela i-HPV. Nazi ezinye iingcebiso zokuthintela:

• Thintela i-STIs ngokwenza isondo ngokukhuselekileyo, njengokusebenzisa iikhondom ngalo lonke ixesha usabelana ngesondo.
• Nciphisa inani lamaqabane akho owabelana nawo ngesondo.
• Thetha namaqabane akho owabelana nawo ngesondo, ubabuze malunga nelona xesha lakutsha nje lokuba bavavanyelwe ii-STIs.
• Ukuba uyabelana ngesondo, kuya kufuneka uvavanywe rhoqo kwii-STIs.
• Ukuba unomlingane ongaqhelekanga, thintela isondo ngomlomo.
• Xa usabelana ngesondo ngomlomo, sebenzisa amadama amazinyo okanye iikhondom ukunqanda naziphi na ii-STI zomlomo.
• Ngexesha lokuhlolwa kweenyanga zakho ezintandathu kugqirha wamazinyo, bacele ukuba bakhangele emlonyeni wakho nantoni na engaqhelekanga, ngakumbi ukuba ulala ngesondo ngomlomo rhoqo.
• Yenza umkhwa wakho ukukhangela umlomo wakho nakuphi na ukungaqheleki kube kanye ngenyanga.
• Gonyelwa i-HPV.

Ugonyo

Ukugonywa ngokuchasene ne-HPV kubandakanya ukufumana izithonga ezibini zishiyana ngeenyanga ezintandathu ukuya kwezili-12 ukuba uphakathi kweminyaka esithoba ukuya kweli-14. Abantu abaneminyaka eli-15 nangaphezulu bafumana imipu emithathu ngaphezulu kweenyanga ezintandathu. Kuya kufuneka ufumane zonke izithonga zakho ukuze ugonyo lusebenze.

Isitofu sokugonya se-HPV sisitofu esikhuselekileyo nesisebenzayo esinokukukhusela kwizifo ezinxulumene ne-HPV.

Esi sitofu ngaphambili sasifunyanwa kuphela ngabantu abaneminyaka engama-26 ubudala. Izikhokelo ezitsha ngoku zichaza abantu abaphakathi kweminyaka engama-27 nengama-45 abangakhange bagonyelwe i-HPV ngaphambili ngoku bakulungele ukutofelwa i-Gardasil 9.

Kwisifundo sango-2017, usulelo lomlomo lwe-HPV kwathiwa luphantsi kubantu abadala abancinci abafumana idosi enye yokugonya i-HPV. Ezi zitofu zinceda ukukhusela i-oropharyngeal cancer ezinxulumene ne-HPV.