I-HTLV: yintoni, indlela yokuchonga iimpawu kunye nokunyanga usulelo

Umxholo

• Iimpawu eziphambili
• Unyango lwenziwa njani
• Ungaluthintela njani usulelo lwe-HTLV
• Ukuchongwa kwe-HTLV
• Ngaba i-HTLV ne-HIV yinto enye?

I-HTLV, ekwabizwa ngokuba yintsholongwane ye-T-cell lymphotropic virus, luhlobo lwentsholongwane kusapho I-Retroviridae kwaye, kwiimeko ezininzi, ayibangeli sifo okanye zimpawu, ukungafunyanwa kakuhle. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, akukho nyango luthile, kungoko ukubaluleka kokuthintela kunye nokubeka iliso kunyango.

Zimbini iintlobo zentsholongwane ye-HTLV, i-HTLV 1 kunye ne-2, ezinokwahlulwa ngenxalenye encinci yolwakhiwo kunye neeseli abazihlaselayo, apho i-HTLV-1 ihlasela ikakhulu ii-lymphocyte zohlobo lwe-CD4, ngelixa i-HTLV- 2 ihlasela uhlobo lwe-CD8 lymphocyte.

Le ntsholongwane ingasasazeka isuka emntwini iye emntwini ngesondo elingakhuselekanga okanye ngokwabelana ngezinto ezilahlwayo, ezinjengeenaliti kunye neesirinji, umzekelo, ikakhulu phakathi kwabasebenzisi beziyobisi abazitofayo, kanye njengokuba kunokubakho nosulelo olusuka kumama osulelekileyo luye kusana olusandul ukuncancisa.

Iimpawu eziphambili

Uninzi lwabantu olunentsholongwane ye-HTLV alubonisi zimpawu, kwaye le ntsholongwane ifunyanwa kuvavanyo oluqhelekileyo. Nangona kunjalo, nangona ingaqhelekanga, abanye abantu abosuleleke yintsholongwane ye-HTLV-1 babonisa iimpawu kunye neempawu ezahluka ngokwesifo esibangelwa yintsholongwane, kwaye kunokubakho ukuphazamiseka kwemithambo-luvo okanye kwehematological:

• Kwindaba ye iTropical spastic paraparesis, Iimpawu ezibangelwa yi-HTLV-1 zithatha ixesha ukubonakala, kodwa zibonakaliswe ziimpawu ze-neurological ezinokubangela ubunzima ekuhambeni okanye ekushukumiseni ilungu, izihlunu zemisipha kunye nokungalingani, umzekelo.
• Kwindaba ye I-T-cell leukemia, iimpawu zosulelo lwe-HTLV-1 zi-hematological, ngumkhuhlane omkhulu, ukubila okubandayo, ukwehla kobunzima ngaphandle kwesizathu esibonakalayo, i-anemia, ukubonakala kwamabala amfusa eluswini kunye neeplatelets ezisezantsi egazini.

Ukongeza, ukosuleleka yintsholongwane ye-HTLV-1 inokunxulunyaniswa nezinye izifo, ezinjengepoliyo, i-polyarthritis, i-uveitis kunye nedermatitis, kuxhomekeke kwindlela amajoni omzimba omntu akuyo kunye nalapho isifo senzeka khona. Intsholongwane ye-HTLV-2 ukuza kuthi ga ngoku ayinxulunyaniswa naluphi na uhlobo losulelo, nangona kunjalo, inokubangela iimpawu ezifanayo nezo zibangelwa yintsholongwane ye-HTLV-1.

Ukosuleleka kwale ntsholongwane kwenzeka ikakhulu ngokwabelana ngesondo ngokungakhuselekanga, kodwa kuyenzeka ngokutofelwa igazi, ukwabelana ngezinto ezingcolileyo, okanye ukusuka kumama kuye emntwaneni ngokuncancisa okanye ngexesha lokubeleka. Ke, abantu abanobomi besondo bokuqala kunye nokusebenza, abanesifo esosulela ngokudumba okanye abafuna okanye benze utofelo-gazi, basemngciphekweni omkhulu wokosulelwa okanye wokuhambisa intsholongwane ye-HTLV.

Unyango lwenziwa njani

Unyango losulelo lwentsholongwane ye-HTLV alukabikho kakuhle ngenxa yengozi encinci yentsholongwane ebangela isifo kwaye, ngenxa yoko, iimpawu okanye iimpawu. Kwimeko apho intsholongwane ye-HTLV-1 ibangela iparaparesis, unyango lomzimba lunokucetyiswa ukugcina ukuhamba kwamalungu kunye nokukhuthaza amandla emisipha, ukongeza kumayeza alawula ukungqubana kwezihlunu kunye nokuphelisa iintlungu.

Kwimeko ye-T-cell leukemia, unyango olubonakalisiweyo lunokuba yichemotherapy elandelwa kukufakelwa komongo wethambo.

Kuba akukho lunyango, kubalulekile ukuba abantu abafunyaniswe benentsholongwane ye-HTLV bajongwe ngamanye amaxesha kusetyenziswa iimvavanyo zokujonga amandla okuzala kwintsholongwane kunye namathuba okudluliselwa kwentsholongwane.

Nangona kungekho nyango kujoliswe kuyo yintsholongwane ye-HTLV, ukuxilongwa ngokukhawuleza kosulelo kubalulekile ukuze unyango luqaliswe ngokukhawuleza ukuze unyango olufanelekileyo ngakumbi lusekwe ngokuhambelana nokuncitshiswa okubangelwa yintsholongwane.

Ungaluthintela njani usulelo lwe-HTLV

Uthintelo losulelo lwe-HTLV lunokwenziwa ngokusebenzisa iikhondom ngexesha lokwabelana ngesondo, ukungabikho kokwabelana ngezinto ezilahlayo, ezinje ngeesirinji kunye neenaliti, umzekelo. Ukongeza, umntu ophethe intsholongwane ye-HTLV akanakunikela ngegazi okanye ngamalungu kwaye, ukuba owasetyhini uphethe intsholongwane, ukuncancisa kuyaphikiswa, njengoko intsholongwane inokudluliselwa emntwaneni. Kwiimeko ezinjalo, kucetyiswa ukuba kusetyenziswe ubisi olungumgubo lweentsana.

Ukuchongwa kwe-HTLV

Ukuxilongwa kwintsholongwane ye-HTLV kwenziwa ngeendlela ze-serological kunye ne-molecular, kwaye uvavanyo lwe-ELISA luqhelekileyo lwenziwa kwaye, ukuba luqinisekileyo, ukuqinisekiswa kwenziwa ngokusebenzisa indlela ye-Western blot. Iziphumo ezibi ezingezizo zinqabile, njengoko indlela esetyenzisiweyo yokufumanisa intsholongwane ibuthathaka kwaye icacile.

Ukuchonga ubukho bentsholongwane emzimbeni, isampuli yegazi encinci ihlala iqokelelwa emntwini, ethi ithunyelwe elebhu, apho kuya kwenziwa khona uvavanyo ukuze kuchongwe ii-antibodies eziveliswe ngumzimba ezichasene nale ntsholongwane. .

Ngaba i-HTLV ne-HIV yinto enye?

Iintsholongwane ze-HTLV kunye ne-HIV, ngaphandle kokuhlasela kweeseli ezimhlophe zomzimba, ii-lymphocyte, azifani. Intsholongwane ye-HTLV kunye ne-HIV ziyafana into yokuba zii-retroviruses kwaye zinendlela efanayo yokuhambisa, nangona kunjalo intsholongwane ye-HTLV ayinakho ukuziguqula ibe yintsholongwane ye-HIV okanye ibangele i-AIDS. Funda ngakumbi ngentsholongwane kaGawulayo.