I-Hypercapnia: Iyintoni kwaye iphathwa njani?

Umxholo

• Ziziphi iimpawu zehypercapnia?
• Iimpawu ezinzima
• Yintoni i-hypercapnia enxulumene neCOPD?
• Yintoni enye enokubangela i-hypercapnia?
• Iingxaki zokutshintsha kwegesi
• Iingxaki zemithambo-luvo kunye nezihlunu
• Izizathu zofuzo
• Ngubani osemngciphekweni wehypercapnia?
• Isifo sehypercapnia sichongwa njani?
• Zeziphi iindlela zonyango ezikhoyo onokukhetha kuzo?
• Umoya
• Amayeza
• Unyango
• Ugqirha
• Imbonakalo
• Ngaba oku kunokuthintelwa?

Yintoni i-hypercapnia?

I-Hypercapnia, okanye i-hypercarbia, kuxa une-carbon dioxide eninzi (CO₂) kwigazi lakho. Ihlala yenzeka ngenxa ye-hypoventilation, okanye ukungaphefumli kakuhle kwaye ufumane ioksijini kwimiphunga yakho. Xa umzimba wakho ungayifumani ngokwaneleyo ioksijini entsha okanye ulahle i-CO₂, Kuya kufuneka ukhuphe okanye ngesiquphe uphefumle umoya omninzi ukulinganisa amanqanaba akho eoksijini kunye ne-CO₂.

Oku akusoloko kusisizathu sokukhathazeka. Umzekelo, ukuba ukuphefumla kwakho akukho nzulu xa ulele nzulu, umzimba wakho uphendula ngokwemvelo. Unokujika ebhedini yakho okanye uvuke ngesiquphe. Umzimba wakho emva koko unokuqalisa kwakhona ukuphefumla okuqhelekileyo kwaye ufumane ioksijini eninzi egazini.

I-Hypercapnia inokuba luphawu lweemeko ezichaphazela ukuphefumla kunye negazi lakho.

Qhubeka ufunda ukuze ufunde ngakumbi malunga neempawu, izizathu, kunye nokunye.

Ziziphi iimpawu zehypercapnia?

Iimpawu ze-hypercapnia ngamanye amaxesha zinokuba mnene. Umzimba wakho unokuzilungisa ngokukhawuleza ezi mpawu ukuze uphefumle ngcono kwaye ulungelelanise i-CO yakho₂ amanqanaba.

Iimpawu ezincinci ze-hypercapnia zibandakanya:

• ulusu olucekeceke
• Ukozela okanye ukungakwazi ukugxila
• intloko ebuhlungu
• Ndiziva ndididekile okanye ndinesiyezi
• ndiziva ndiphefumla kancinci
• ukudinwa ngokungaqhelekanga okanye ukudinwa

Ukuba ezi zimpawu ziyaqhubeka ngaphezulu kweentsuku ezimbalwa, jonga ugqirha wakho. Banokumisela ukuba ngaba ufumana i-hypercapnia okanye enye imeko engaphantsi.

Iimpawu ezinzima

I-hypercapnia enamandla inokubangela isoyikiso. Unokukuthintela ekuphefumuleni ngokufanelekileyo. Ngokungafaniyo ne-hypercapnia emnene, umzimba wakho awukwazi ukulungisa iimpawu ezinzima ngokukhawuleza. Inokuba yingozi kakhulu okanye ibulale ukuba inkqubo yakho yokuphefumla iyavalwa.

Jonga ugqirha ngoko nangoko ukuba unenye okanye nangaphezulu kwezi mpawu zilandelayo, ngakumbi ukuba ufumanekile ukuba unesifo esinganyangekiyo semiphunga (COPD):

• iimvakalelo ezingachazwanga zokudideka
• iimvakalelo ezingaqhelekanga zeparanoia okanye uxinzelelo
• ukuxhuzula kwesihlunu okungaqhelekanga
• ukubetha kwentliziyo ngokungaqhelekanga
• Uxinzelelo
• ukuxhuzula
• uloyiko
• ukudlula

Yintoni i-hypercapnia enxulumene neCOPD?

I-COPD ligama leemeko ezenza kube nzima kuwe ukuba uphefumle. I-bronchitis engapheliyo kunye ne-emphysema yimizekelo emibini eqhelekileyo yeCOPD.

I-COPD ihlala ibangelwa kukutshaya okanye ukuphefumla umoya onobungozi kwiindawo ezingcolileyo. Ngokuhamba kwexesha, i-COPD ibangela i-alveoli (iisaka zomoya) kwimiphunga yakho ukuba iphulukane namandla abo okulula njengoko bathatha ioksijini. I-COPD inokuzitshabalalisa iindonga phakathi kwezi ngxowa zomoya. Xa oku kusenzeka, imiphunga yakho ayinakuthabatha ioksijini ngokufanelekileyo.

I-COPD inokubangela ukuba i-trachea yakho (i-windpipe) kunye neendlela zomoya ezikhokelela kwi-alveoli yakho, ebizwa ngokuba yi-bronchioles, ukuba idume. Ezi ndawo zinokuvelisa uninzi lwee-mucus ezongezelelweyo, ezenza ukuphefumla kube nzima nangakumbi. Ukuvaleka kunye nokudumba kuthintela ukungena nokuphuma komoya kwimiphunga. Ngenxa yoko, umzimba wakho awukwazi ukulahla i-CO₂. Oku kunokubangela i-CO₂ ukwakha kwigazi lakho.

Akunabo bonke abaneCOPD abaya kufumana i-hypercapnia. Kodwa njengoko i-COPD iqhubeka, kunokwenzeka ukuba ube nokungalingani kweoksijini kunye ne-CO₂ emzimbeni wakho ngenxa yokuphefumla okungalunganga.

Yintoni enye enokubangela i-hypercapnia?

I-Hypercapnia inezinye izizathu ngaphandle kweCOPD, nayo. Umzekelo:

• I-apnea yokulala ikuthintela ekuphefumlweni ngokufanelekileyo ngelixa ulele. Oku kunokukugcina ungafumani oksijini egazini lakho.
• Ukutyeba kakhulu okanye ukutyeba kakhulu kunokukugcina ungafumani moya waneleyo ngenxa yoxinzelelo olubekwe kwimiphunga yakho ngokobunzima bakho.
• Imisebenzi enokuthi ikuthintele ekuphefumlweni komoya omtsha, njengokuntywila emanzini okanye ukuba ube kwi-ventilator ngexesha le-anesthesia, kunokubangela ne-hypercapnia.
• Ukugula ngokwasemzimbeni okanye iziganeko ezibangela ukuba umzimba wakho uvelise i-CO ngakumbi₂, ezinje ngokuba nomkhuhlane okanye ukutya ii-carbs ezininzi, zombini zinokunyusa inani le-CO₂ kwigazi lakho.

Iingxaki zokutshintsha kwegesi

Ezinye zeemeko ezinokubangela indawo efileyo emzimbeni wakho. Oku kuthetha ukuba ayinguye wonke umoya ophefumla kuwo othatha inxaxheba kwinkqubo yakho yokuphefumla. Xa oku kusenzeka, kuhlala kungenxa yokuba inkqubo yakho yokuphefumla ayisebenzi kakuhle. Kwiimeko ezininzi, oku kubandakanya imiphunga yakho ingayenzi indima yayo kutshintshiselwano ngegesi.

Ukutshintshiselana ngegesi yinkqubo apho ioksijini ingena kwigazi lakho nakwi-CO₂ ushiya umzimba wakho. Iingxaki zinokubangelwa ziimeko ezinjenge-pulmonary embolus kunye ne-emphysema.

Iingxaki zemithambo-luvo kunye nezihlunu

Iimeko zemithambo-luvo kunye nezihlunu nazo zinokubangela ukungabikho kwengqondo. Kwezinye iimeko, imithambo-luvo kunye nezihlunu ezikunceda uphefumle zisenokungasebenzi kakuhle. Oku kunokubandakanya isifo sikaGuillain-Barré, imeko yomzimba yokuzikhusela eyenze buthathaka imithambo-luvo kunye nezihlunu. Le meko inokuchaphazela ukubanakho kwakho ukufumana ioksijini eyaneleyo kwaye inokukhokelela kwi-CO eninzi kakhulu₂ kwigazi lakho. Izihlunu zemisipha, okanye iimeko ezenza ukuba izihlunu zakho zibuthathaka ngokuhamba kwexesha, zinokwenza kube nzima ukuphefumla kwaye ufumane ioksijini eyaneleyo.

Izizathu zofuzo

Kwiimeko ezinqabileyo, i-hypercapnia inokubangelwa yimeko yemvelo apho umzimba wakho ungazivelisi ngokwaneleyo iiproteyini ekuthiwa yi-alpha-1-antitrypsin. Le protein ivela esibindini kwaye isetyenziswa ngumzimba wakho ukugcina imiphunga isempilweni.

Ngubani osemngciphekweni wehypercapnia?

Eminye yemingcipheko yehypercapnia, ngakumbi ngenxa yeCOPD, ibandakanya:

• ukutshaya iisigarethi, iicigars, okanye imibhobho kakhulu
• ubudala, iimeko ezininzi ezibangela i-hypercapnia ziqhubela phambili kwaye zihlala zingaqali ukubonisa iimpawu kude kube semva kweminyaka engama-40
• unesifo sombefu, ngakumbi ukuba uyatshaya
• ukuphefumla umsi okanye imichiza kwiindawo zokusebenzela, ezinje ngeefektri, indawo zokugcina, okanye izityalo zombane okanye zemichiza

Ukuxilongwa ngokukhawuleza kweCOPD okanye enye imeko ebangela i-hypercapnia nayo inokunyusa umngcipheko. Jonga ugqirha wakho ubuncinci kube kanye ngonyaka kuvavanyo olupheleleyo lomzimba ukuze uqiniseke ukuba ujonge impilo yakho yonke.

Isifo sehypercapnia sichongwa njani?

Ukuba ugqirha wakho ucinga ukuba une-hypercapnia, baya kuvavanya igazi lakho kunye nokuphefumla ukufumanisa ingxaki kunye nesizathu esisisiseko.

Uvavanyo lwegesi yegazi oluqhelekileyo luqhele ukusetyenziswa ekuchongeni i-hypercapnia. Olu vavanyo lunokuvavanya amanqanaba eoksijini kunye ne-CO₂ egazini lakho kwaye uqiniseke ukuba uxinzelelo lweoksijini luqhelekile.

Ugqirha wakho unokuvavanya ukuphefumla kwakho usebenzisa i-spirometry. Kolu vavanyo, uphefumla ngamandla ungene kumbhobho. I-spirometer eqhotyoshelweyo ilinganisa ukuba ungakanani na umoya wemiphunga yakho kunye nendlela onokuvuthela ngamandla ngayo.

I-X-ray okanye i-CT scan yemiphunga yakho inokukunceda ugqirha ukuba abone ukuba unayo i-emphysema okanye ezinye iimeko ezinxulumene nemiphunga.

Zeziphi iindlela zonyango ezikhoyo onokukhetha kuzo?

Ukuba imeko ebangeleyo ibangela i-hypercapnia yakho, ugqirha wakho uya kuseta isicwangciso sonyango seempawu zemeko yakho. Ugqirha wakho unokucebisa ukuba uyeke ukutshaya okanye unciphise ukubonakaliswa kwakho kumsi okanye kwiikhemikhali ukuba zibangele i-hypercapnia enxulumene neCOPD.

Umoya

Ukuba kufuneka uye kwi-ofisi kagqirha wakho okanye esibhedlele ukuze ufumane iimpawu ezinzima, unokufakwa kumatshini wokuphefumla ukuze uqiniseke ukuba uyakwazi ukuphefumla kakuhle. Unokuba ne-intubated, kulapho kufakwa khona ityhubhu ngomlomo wakho kwindlela yakho yomoya ukukunceda uphefumle.

Olu nyango lukuvumela ukuba ufumane ioksijini engaguquguqukiyo yokulinganisa i-CO yakho₂ amanqanaba. Oku kubaluleke ngakumbi ukuba unemeko ebangela ukuba ungafumani oksijini yaneleyo ngokuphefumla kwesiqhelo okanye ukuba ukhe wehlelwa kukungaphefumli kakuhle kwaye awukwazi ukuphefumla wedwa.

Amayeza

Amanye amayeza anokunceda uphefumle ngcono, kubandakanya:

• i-bronchodilators, enceda imisipha yakho yomoya ukuba isebenze ngokufanelekileyo
• inhaled okanye i-corticosteroids yomlomo, enceda ukugcina ukudumba komoya kubuncinci
• Iintsholongwane zentsholongwane yokuphefumula, njenge-pneumonia okanye i-bronchitis

Unyango

Olunye unyango lunokunceda ekunyangeni iimpawu kunye noonobangela behypercapnia. Umzekelo, ngonyango lweoksijini, uphatha isixhobo esincinci esihambisa ioksijini ngqo kwimiphunga yakho. Ukulungiswa kwe-pulmonary kukuvumela ukuba utshintshe indlela otya ngayo, ukuzilolonga rhoqo, kunye neminye imikhwa ukuze uqiniseke ukuba unegalelo elihle kwimpilo yakho iphela. Oku kunokunciphisa iimpawu zakho kunye neengxaki ezinokwenzeka kwimeko ephantsi.

Ugqirha

Amanye amatyala anokufuna utyando ukunyanga okanye ukubuyisela indawo yomoya eyonakeleyo okanye imiphunga. Kutyando lokunciphisa ubungakanani bemiphunga, ugqirha wakho ususa izicwili ezonakeleyo ukwenza indawo yezicwili zakho esempilweni ukuba wandise kwaye ungenise ioksijini engakumbi. Ekufakelweni kwemiphunga, umphunga ongenampilo uyasuswa kwaye endaweni yawo kuphume umphunga osempilweni ovela kumnikeli welungu.

Zombini ezi ndlela zotyando zinokuba yingozi, ke thetha nogqirha wakho ngezi ndlela ukuze ubone ukuba zikulungele na.

Imbonakalo

Ukufumana unyango lwe-COPD okanye enye imeko enokubangela ukuba i-hypercapnia iya kuphucula kakhulu impilo yakho yexesha elide kunye nokuthintela iziqendu ezizayo ze-hypercapnia.

Ukuba ufuna unyango lwexesha elide okanye utyando, qiniseka ukuba umamela ngokusondeleyo kwimiyalelo kagqirha wakho ukuze isicwangciso sakho sonyango okanye ukubuyiswa kuqhaqho lube yimpumelelo. Baza kukucebisa ngeempawu onokuthi uzijonge kwaye wenze ntoni xa zisenzeka.

Kwiimeko ezininzi, usenokuphila ubomi obusempilweni, obusebenzayo nokuba sele ufumene hypercapnia.

Ngaba oku kunokuthintelwa?

Ukuba unemeko yokuphefumla ebangela i-hypercapnia, ukufumana unyango kuloo meko yeyona ndlela ilungileyo yokuthintela i-hypercapnia.

Ukwenza utshintsho kwindlela yokuphila, njengokuyeka ukutshaya, ukunciphisa umzimba, okanye ukusebenzisa rhoqo, kunokunciphisa umngcipheko we-hypercapnia kakhulu.