Iindidi zesifo sentliziyo kuBantwana

Umxholo

• Isifo sentliziyo
• I-atherosclerosis
• Arrhythmias
• Isifo seKawasaki
• Ukumbombozela kwentliziyo
• Pericarditis
• Rheumatic isifo sentliziyo
• Usulelo lwentsholongwane

Isifo sentliziyo ebantwaneni

Isifo sentliziyo sinzima ngokwaneleyo xa sihlasela abantu abadala, kodwa sinokuba lusizi ngakumbi ebantwaneni.

Zininzi iintlobo zeengxaki zentliziyo ezinokuchaphazela abantwana. Zibandakanya ukukhubazeka kwentliziyo yokuzalwa, usulelo lwentsholongwane oluchaphazela intliziyo, kunye nesifo sentliziyo esifunyenwe kamva ebuntwaneni ngenxa yokugula okanye ii-syndromes zofuzo.

Iindaba ezimnandi zezokuba ngenkqubela phambili kwezonyango kunye netekhnoloji, uninzi lwabantwana abanesifo sentliziyo baya kuphila ubomi obusebenzayo, obupheleleyo.

Isifo sentliziyo

Isifo sentliziyo ekhulelwe (CHD) luhlobo lwesifo sentliziyo abantwana abazalwa benaso, esihlala sibangelwa ziziphene zentliziyo ezikhoyo ekuzalweni. E-US, uqikelelo lweentsana ezizalwe rhoqo ngonyaka zine-CHD.

Ii-CHD ezichaphazela abantwana zibandakanya:

• Ukuphazamiseka kwentliziyo yevalvu njengokunciphisa kwevalvu ye-aortic, ethintela ukuhamba kwegazi
• i-hypoplastic heart syndrome, apho icala lasekhohlo lentliziyo lingaphuhlanga
• Ukuphazamiseka okubandakanya imingxunya entliziyweni, ikakhulu ezindongeni phakathi kwamagumbi naphakathi kwemithambo yegazi emikhulu eshiya intliziyo, kubandakanya:
  • iziphene ze-ventricular septal
  • iziphene ze-atrial septal
  • ipatent ductus arteriosus
• I-tetralogy ye-Fallot, eyindibaniselwano yeziphene ezine, kubandakanya:
  • umngxunya kwi septum yangaphakathi
  • indawo ecutheneyo phakathi kwe-ventricle yasekunene kunye nomthambo we-pulmonary
  • icala lasekunene lentliziyo elijiyile
  • i-aorta efudukayo

Iziphene zentliziyo yokuzalwa zinokuba neziphumo zexesha elide kwimpilo yomntwana. Zihlala ziphathwa ngotyando, iinkqubo zekathetha, amayeza, kwaye kwiimeko ezinzima, ukufakelwa kwentliziyo.

Abanye abantwana baya kufuna ukubekwa esweni kunye nokunyangwa ubomi babo bonke.

I-atherosclerosis

I-Atherosclerosis ligama elisetyenziselwa ukuchaza ukwakhiwa kwamanqatha kunye neecholesterol ezigcwele ngaphakathi kwimithambo. Njengoko i-buildup inyuka, imithambo iyaqina kwaye inciphise, eyonyusa umngcipheko wamahlwili egazi kunye nokuhlaselwa sisifo sentliziyo. Kuthatha iminyaka emininzi ukukhula kwe-atherosclerosis. Kuyinto engaqhelekanga ukuba abantwana okanye abakwishumi elivisayo bahlupheke kuyo.

Nangona kunjalo, ukutyeba kakhulu, isifo seswekile, uxinzelelo lwegazi kunye neminye imiba yezempilo ibeka abantwana emngciphekweni omkhulu. Oogqirha bancomela ukuhlolwa kwe-cholesterol ephezulu kunye noxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu kubantwana abanemingcipheko efana nembali yentsapho yesifo senhliziyo okanye isifo sikashukela kwaye baninzi kakhulu okanye batyebile.

Unyango lubandakanya utshintsho kwindlela yokuphila njengokuzilolonga nokuzilolonga kwindlela otya ngayo.

Arrhythmias

I-arrhythmia sisingqisho esingaqhelekanga sentliziyo. Oku kunokubangela intliziyo ukuba impompe kancinci.

Zininzi iintlobo ezahlukeneyo ze-arrhythmias zingenzeka kubantwana, kuquka:

• izinga lentliziyo elikhawulezayo (i-tachycardia), uhlobo oluqhelekileyo olufunyenwe kubantwana be-supraventricular tachycardia
• izinga lentliziyo elincinci (bradycardia)
• ubude be-Q-T Syndrome (LQTS)
• I-Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome (isifo seWPW)

Iimpawu zingabandakanya:

• ubuthathaka
• ukudinwa
• isiyezi
• isiqaqa
• ubunzima bokutya

Unyango luxhomekeke kuhlobo lwe-arrhythmia kunye nendlela echaphazela ngayo impilo yomntwana.

Isifo seKawasaki

Isifo seKawasaki sisifo esinqabileyo esichaphazela ikakhulu abantwana kwaye sinokubangela ukudumba kwimithambo yegazi ezandleni zabo, iinyawo, umlomo, imilebe, nasemqaleni. Ikwavelisa umkhuhlane kunye nokudumba kwii-lymph node. Abaphandi abaqinisekanga okwangoku ukuba ibangelwa yintoni.

Ngokwe-American Heart Association (AHA), isigulo sesona sizathu siphambili seemeko zentliziyo kubantwana aba-1 kwabane. Uninzi luneminyaka engaphantsi kwe-5.

Unyango luxhomekeke kubungakanani besifo, kodwa kuhlala kubandakanya unyango olukhawulezileyo nge-gamma globulin okanye i-aspirin efakwa ngaphakathi. I-Corticosteroids ngamanye amaxesha inokunciphisa iingxaki ezizayo. Abantwana abanengxaki yesi sifo bahlala befuna ukuqeshwa ubomi obude ukugcina iliso kwintliziyo yabo.

Ukumbombozela kwentliziyo

Ukumbombozela kwentliziyo sisandi esithi "whooshing" esenziwe ligazi elijikeleza kumagumbi entliziyo okanye iivevini, okanye ngemithambo yegazi kufutshane nentliziyo. Rhoqo ayinabungozi. Ngamanye amaxesha inokubonisa ingxaki engaphantsi kwentliziyo.

Ukumbombozela kwentliziyo kunokubangelwa zii-CHDs, umkhuhlane, okanye i-anemia. Ukuba ugqirha uva ukukrokra kwentliziyo engaqhelekanga emntwaneni, baya kwenza iimvavanyo ezongezelelweyo ukuqinisekisa ukuba intliziyo isempilweni. Ukumbombozela kwentliziyo "engenatyala" kuhlala kusombulula ngokwabo, kodwa ukuba intliziyo iyambombozela ngenxa yengxaki yentliziyo, inokufuna unyango olongezelelekileyo.

Pericarditis

Le meko yenzeka xa ingxowa encinci okanye inwebu ejikeleze intliziyo (i-pericardium) iyavutha okanye yosuleleke. Ubungakanani bolwelo phakathi kwamanqanaba alo omabini luyanda, lonakalisa amandla kwentliziyo yokupompa igazi njengoko kufanele.

I-Pericarditis inokwenzeka emva kotyando ukulungisa i-CHD, okanye inokubangelwa kukusulelwa ziintsholongwane, isifo esifubeni, okanye ukuphazamiseka kwezicubu ezinje nge lupus. Unyango luxhomekeke kubukrakra besifo, ubudala bomntwana, kunye nempilo yabo iyonke.

Rheumatic isifo sentliziyo

Xa ishiywe inganyangwa, ibacteria ye-streptococcus ebangela umqala womqala kunye nomkhuhlane obomvu inokubangela isifo sentliziyo.

Esi sifo sinokonakalisa kakhulu kwaye ngokusisigxina iintlungu zentliziyo kunye nezihlunu zentliziyo (ngokubangela ukudumba kwezihlunu zentliziyo, ezaziwa ngokuba yi-myocarditis). Ngokutsho kweSibhedlele saBantwana saseSeattle, isifo samathambo sivela kubantwana abaneminyaka emi-5 ukuya kweli-15, kodwa ngesiqhelo iimpawu zesifo samathambo azibonisi iminyaka eli-10 ukuya kwengama-20 emva kokugula kwasekuqaleni. I-rheumatic fever kunye nesifo senhliziyo se-rheumatic esilandelayo ngoku ayiqhelekanga e-U.S.

Esi sifo sinokuthintelwa ngokunyanga ngokukhawuleza umqala womqala ngamayeza okubulala iintsholongwane.

Usulelo lwentsholongwane

Iintsholongwane, ukongeza ekubangeleni isifo sokuphefumla okanye umkhuhlane, zinokuchaphazela impilo yentliziyo. Usulelo lwentsholongwane lunokubangela i-myocarditis, enokuthi ichaphazele ukubanakho kwentliziyo yokupompa igazi emzimbeni wonke.

Usulelo lwentsholongwane lwentliziyo lunqabile kwaye lunokubonisa iimpawu ezimbalwa. Xa iimpawu zibonakala, ziyafana neempawu ezinje ngomkhuhlane, kubandakanya ukudinwa, ukuphefumla kancinci, kunye nokungonwabi esifubeni. Unyango lubandakanya amayeza kunye nonyango lweempawu ze-myocarditis.