Izifo zesifo sokudumba (IBD)

Umxholo

• Zeziphi iintlobo eziphambili zesifo sokudumba?
• Yintoni ebangela isifo sokukrala kwamathumbu?
• Imfuza
• Amajoni omzimba
• Yeyiphi imingcipheko ekuphuhliseni isifo sesisu esivuthayo?
• Ukutshaya
• Ubuhlanga
• Ubudala
• Imbali yosapho
• Ummandla wejografi
• Isini
• Zithini iimpawu zesifo sokudumba?
• Zeziphi iingxaki ezinokubakho kwisifo sokukrala kwamathumbu?
• Sichongwa njani isifo samathumbu?
• Isampuli yestool kunye novavanyo lwegazi
• I-enema yeBarium
• I-sigmoidoscopy eguqukayo kunye nekholonoscopy
• I-Capsule endoscopy
• Ifilimu engenanto okanye i-X-ray
• Ikhompyuter yecomputer (CT) kunye nemagnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
• Sinyangwa njani isifo sokudumba?
• Amayeza
• Indlela yokuphila
• Izibonelelo
• Ugqirha
• Sinokuthintelwa njani isifo sokudumba?

Sibandakanya iimveliso esicinga ukuba ziluncedo kubafundi bethu. Ukuba uthenga amakhonkco kweli phepha, sinokufumana ikhomishini encinci. Nantsi inkqubo yethu.

Ushwankathelo

Isifo samathumbu esivuthayo (IBD) simele iqela lokuphazamiseka kwamathumbu okubangela ukudumba okungapheliyo kwendlela yokugaya.

Indawo yokucola ukutya inomlomo, umqala, isisu, ithumbu elincinci kunye namathumbu amakhulu. Inoxanduva lokuphula ukutya, ukukhupha izondlo, kunye nokususa naziphi na izinto ezingasetyenziswanga kunye neemveliso zenkunkuma.

Ukudumba naphina kwindlela yokugaya kuphazamisa le nkqubo iqhelekileyo. I-IBD ingaba buhlungu kakhulu kwaye iphazamise, kwaye kwezinye iimeko, inokuba isongela ubomi.

Funda konke malunga ne-IBD, kubandakanya iintlobo, yintoni ebangela oko, ubunzima, kunye nokunye.

Zeziphi iintlobo eziphambili zesifo sokudumba?

Izifo ezininzi zibandakanyiwe kweli gama lesambrela se-IBD. Izifo ezibini eziqhelekileyo zezi ulcerative colitis kunye nesifo sikaCrohn.

Isifo sikaCrohn sinokubangela ukudumba nakweyiphi na indawo yokugaya ukutya. Nangona kunjalo, ichaphazela kakhulu umsila wokuphela kwamathumbu amancinci.

I-ulcerative colitis ibandakanya ukudumba kwamathumbu amakhulu.

Yintoni ebangela isifo sokukrala kwamathumbu?

Isizathu ngqo se-IBD asaziwa. Nangona kunjalo, i-genetics kunye neengxaki kwi-immune system zidibene ne-IBD.

Imfuza

Unokuba nethuba lokuphuhlisa i-IBD ukuba unomntakwenu okanye umzali onesifo. Kungenxa yoko le nto izazinzulu zikholelwa ukuba i-IBD inokuba nenxalenye yemfuza.

Amajoni omzimba

Amajoni omzimba angadlala indima kwi-IBD.

Ngokwesiqhelo, amajoni omzimba akhusela umzimba kwizifo (izinto ezibangela izifo nosulelo). Usulelo lwebhaktiriya okanye lwegciwane lokugaya ukutya kunokubangela ukuphendula komzimba.

Njengokuba umzimba uzama ukulwa nabahlaseli, indlela yokugaya iyadumba. Xa usulelo lumkile, ukudumba kuyahamba. Leyo yimpendulo esempilweni.

Kubantu abane-IBD, nangona kunjalo, indlela yokugaya ukutya inokwenzeka nokuba akukho sulelo. Amajoni omzimba ahlasela iiseli zomzimba wakho endaweni yoko. Oku kwaziwa njengempendulo yokuzimela.

I-IBD inokwenzeka kwakhona xa ukudumba kungapheli emva kokuba usulelo lunyangekile. Ukudumba kunokuqhubeka iinyanga okanye iminyaka.

Yeyiphi imingcipheko ekuphuhliseni isifo sesisu esivuthayo?

I-Crohn's & Colitis Foundation yaseMelika (CCFA) iqikelela ukuba i-1.6 yezigidi zabantu e-United States bane-IBD.

Izinto ezinobungozi obukhulu ekuphuhliseni isifo sikaCrohn kunye ne-ulcerative colitis zibandakanya:

Ukutshaya

Ukutshaya yenye yezona zinto ziphambili zomngcipheko wokuphuhlisa isifo sikaCrohn.

Ukutshaya kukonyusa iintlungu kunye nezinye iimpawu zesifo sikaCrohn kwaye kwandisa umngcipheko weengxaki. Nangona kunjalo, i-ulcerative colitis ikakhulu ichaphazela abo bangatshayiyo nabatshayayo.

Ubuhlanga

I-IBD ikhona kubo bonke abantu. Nangona kunjalo, amaqela athile obuhlanga anjengeCaucasians kunye neAshkenazi amaJuda anomngcipheko omkhulu.

Ubudala

I-IBD inokwenzeka nakweyiphi na iminyaka, kodwa kwiimeko ezininzi iqala ngaphambi kweminyaka engama-35.

Imbali yosapho

Abantu abanomzali, umntakwabo, okanye umntwana one-IBD basengozini enkulu kakhulu yokuziphuhlisa ngokwabo.

Ummandla wejografi

Abantu abahlala kwiindawo ezisezidolophini nakumazwe ahambele phambili kwezoqoqosho banomngcipheko ophezulu wokufumana i-IBD.

Abo banemisebenzi yekhola emhlophe nabo kunokwenzeka ukuba basiphuhlise esi sifo. Oku kunokuchazwa ngokuyinxenye ngokukhetha indlela yokuphila kunye nokutya.

Abantu abahlala kumazwe ahambele phambili bahlala betya ukutya okunamafutha kunye nokutya okucutshungulwayo. I-IBD ixhaphake kakhulu phakathi kwabantu abahlala kwimozulu esemantla, apho kuhlala kubanda.

Isini

Ngokubanzi, i-IBD ichaphazela abesilisa nabasetyhini ngokulinganayo. I-ulcerative colitis ixhaphake kakhulu phakathi kwamadoda, ngelixa isifo sikaCrohn sixhaphake kakhulu kwabasetyhini.

Zithini iimpawu zesifo sokudumba?

Iimpawu ze-IBD ziyahluka ngokuxhomekeke kwindawo kunye nobukhulu bokuvuvukala, kodwa kunokubandakanya:

• urhudo, olwenzeka xa iinxalenye ezichaphazelekayo zesisu zingakwazi ukuphinda ziphinde zisebenzise amanzi
• Izilonda ezophayo, ezinokubangela ukuba igazi libonakale esitulweni (hematochezia)
• isisu esibuhlungu, ukuxinana, kunye nokudumba ngenxa yokuthintelwa kwamathumbu
• ukunciphisa umzimba kunye ne-anemia, enokubangela ukukhula okucothayo okanye ukukhula kwabantwana

Abantu abanesifo sikaCrohn banokufumana izilonda zomhlaza emilonyeni yabo. Ngamanye amaxesha izilonda kunye neentsimbi zivela kwindawo yesini okanye kwi-anus.

I-IBD inokudibaniswa neengxaki ezingaphandle kwenkqubo yokutya, njenge:

• ukudumba kwamehlo
• ukuphazamiseka kolusu
• isifo samathambo

Zeziphi iingxaki ezinokubakho kwisifo sokukrala kwamathumbu?

Iingxaki ezinokwenzeka ze-IBD zibandakanya:

• ukungondleki okubangela ukunciphisa umzimba
• umhlaza wamathumbu
• fistula, okanye izilonda ezihamba ngodonga lwamathumbu, zenza umngxuma phakathi kweendawo ezahlukeneyo zendlela yokwetyisa
• Ukuqhekeka kwamathumbu emathunjini, okanye ukugqobhoza
• isithintelo samathumbu

Kwiimeko ezinqabileyo, i-IBD enkulu inokukwenza ukuba wothuke. Oku kungasongela ubomi. Umothuko uhlala ubangelwa kukuphulukana negazi ngexesha lesifo sorhudo olude, olukhawulezileyo.

Sichongwa njani isifo samathumbu?

Ukufumanisa i-IBD, ugqirha wakho uya kuqala akubuze imibuzo malunga nembali yonyango yosapho lwakho kunye nokuhamba kwamathumbu akho.

Uvavanyo lomzimba lunokulandelwa luvavanyo olunye okanye nangaphezulu.

Isampuli yestool kunye novavanyo lwegazi

Olu vavanyo lunokusetyenziselwa ukukhangela usulelo kunye nezinye izifo.

Uvavanyo lwegazi ngamanye amaxesha lunokusetyenziselwa ukwahlula phakathi kwesifo sikaCrohn kunye nesifo sokukrala kwezilonda. Nangona kunjalo, iimvavanyo zegazi zodwa azinakusetyenziselwa ukufumanisa isifo se-IBD.

I-enema yeBarium

I-enema ye-barium luvavanyo lwe-X-ray lwekholoni kunye namathumbu amancinci. Kwixesha elidlulileyo, olu hlobo lovavanyo lwalusoloko lusetyenziswa, kodwa ngoku olunye uvavanyo luye lwangena endaweni yalo.

I-sigmoidoscopy eguqukayo kunye nekholonoscopy

Ezi nkqubo zisebenzisa ikhamera ekupheleni kwesixhobo esincinci, esiguquguqukayo ukujonga ikholoni.

Ikhamera ifakwe kwi-anus. Ivumela ugqirha wakho ukuba akhangele izilonda, i-fistula, kunye nomnye umonakalo kwi-rectum kunye ne-colon.

I-colonoscopy inokuvavanya bonke ubude bamathumbu amakhulu. I-sigmoidoscopy ivavanya kuphela ii-intshi ezingama-20 zamathumbu amakhulu - i-sigmoid colon.

Ngexesha lale nkqubo, ngamanye amaxesha kuya kuthathwa isampulu yodonga lwamathumbu. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-biopsy. Ukuvavanya le biopsy phantsi kwemicroscope kunokusetyenziselwa ukufumanisa isifo se-IBD.

I-Capsule endoscopy

Olu vavanyo luhlola ithumbu elincinci, ekunzima kakhulu ukulivavanya kunamathumbu amakhulu. Kuvavanyo, uyaginya iphilisi encinci enekhamera.

Njengoko ihamba emathunjini akho amancinci, ithatha imifanekiso. Nje ukuba udlule kwikhamera kwisitulo sakho, imifanekiso inokubonwa kwikhompyuter.

Olu vavanyo lusetyenziswa kuphela xa ezinye iimvavanyo zisilele ukufumana unobangela weempawu zesifo sikaCrohn.

Ifilimu engenanto okanye i-X-ray

I-X-ray esiswini esiswini isetyenziswa kwiimeko zonxunguphalo apho kurhanelwa ukuqhekeka kwamathumbu.

Ikhompyuter yecomputer (CT) kunye nemagnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

Izikena ze-CT ngokusisiseko zi-X-reyi zekhompyutha. Benza umfanekiso ogcwele ngakumbi kune-X-ray esemgangathweni. Oku kubenza babe luncedo ekuvavanyeni amathumbu amancinci. Banokubona iingxaki ze-IBD.

I-MRIs isebenzisa imihlaba yamagnetic ukwenza imifanekiso yomzimba. Zikhuselekile kune-X-ray. Ii-MRIs ziluncedo ngakumbi ekuvavanyeni izicubu ezithambileyo kunye nokufumanisa i-fistula.

Zombini ii-MRIs kunye ne-CT scans zinokusetyenziselwa ukumisela ukuba angakanani amathumbu achaphazeleka yi-IBD.

Sinyangwa njani isifo sokudumba?

Kukho iindlela ezahlukeneyo zonyango lwe-IBD.

Amayeza

Amachiza alwa nokudumba linyathelo lokuqala kunyango lwe-IBD. La machiza anciphisa ukudumba kwendlela yokugaya ukutya. Nangona kunjalo, baneziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezininzi.

Iziyobisi ezichasayo ezichasayo ezisetyenziselwa i-IBD zibandakanya idosi esemgangathweni ye-mesalamine, i-sulfasalazine kunye nezinto zayo, kunye ne-corticosteroids.

Ama-immune suppressants (okanye ii-immunomodulators) athintela amajoni omzimba ekuhlaseleni amathumbu kwaye abangele ukudumba.

Eli qela libandakanya iziyobisi ezithintela i-TNF. I-TNF yikhemikhali eveliswa ngamajoni omzimba abangela ukudumba. Ukugqithisa kwe-TNF egazini kuvaliwe, kodwa kubantu abane-IBD, amanqanaba aphezulu e-TNF angakhokelela ekuvukeleni okungaphezulu.

Olunye unyango, i-tofacitinib (i-Xeljanz), lukhetho olutsha olusebenza ngendlela ekhethekileyo yokunciphisa ukudumba.

Ukucinezelwa komzimba kunokuba nemiphumo emibi emininzi, kubandakanya irhashalala kunye nosulelo.

Amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane asetyenziselwa ukubulala iintsholongwane ezinokubangela okanye zonyuse iimpawu ze-IBD.

Iziyobisi ezichasayo kunye ne-laxatives zingasetyenziselwa ukunyanga iimpawu ze-IBD.

Thenga laxatives ngoku.

Indlela yokuphila

Ukukhetha indlela yokuphila kubalulekile xa une-IBD.

Ukusela amanzi amaninzi kunceda ukubuyekeza abo balahlekileyo kwisitulo sakho. Ukuphepha iimveliso zobisi kunye neemeko zoxinzelelo kuphucula neempawu.

Ukuzilolonga kunye nokuyeka ukutshaya kunokuqhubeka nokuphucula impilo yakho.

Izibonelelo

Vitamin kunye neeminerali izongezo zinokunceda ekusweleni kwesondlo. Umzekelo, izongezo zentsimbi zinokunyanga i-anemia.

Thetha nogqirha wakho ngaphambi kokuba ungeze naziphi na izongezo ezintsha kukutya kwakho. Fumana izongezo zentsimbi kwi-intanethi.

Ugqirha

Utyando ngamanye amaxesha luyimfuneko kubantu abane-IBD. Olunye utyando lwe-IBD lubandakanya:

• strictureplasty yokwandisa isisu esincinci
• ukuvalwa okanye ukususwa kwefistula
• ukususwa kwamalungu achaphazelekayo emathunjini, kubantu abanesifo sikaCrohn
• ukususwa kwekholoni kunye ne-rectum, kwiimeko ezinzima zesifo sezilonda

I-colonoscopy yesiqhelo isetyenziselwa ukubeka esweni umhlaza wekolon, kuba abo bane-IBD basemngciphekweni omkhulu wokuyiphuhlisa.

Sinokuthintelwa njani isifo sokudumba?

Izizathu zofuzo ze-IBD azinakuthintelwa. Nangona kunjalo, unokukwazi ukunciphisa umngcipheko wokuphuhlisa i-IBD okanye ukuthintela ukubuyela umva ngo:

• ukutya ukutya okusempilweni
• ukuzilolonga rhoqo
• ukuyeka ukutshaya

I-IBD inokubangela ukungonwabi, kodwa kukho iindlela onokuthi ulawule esi sifo kwaye uphile ubomi obusempilweni, obusebenzayo.

Kwakhona kunokuba luncedo ukuthetha nabanye abayiqondayo into ohamba kuyo. I-IBD Healthline sisoftware yasimahla ekunxibelelana nabanye abahlala ne-IBD ngokuthumela imiyalezo ngomntu ngamnye kunye neengxoxo zeqela, ngelixa ikwabonelela ngokufikelela kulwazi oluvunyiweyo lobuchwephesha kulawulo lwe-IBD. Khuphela usetyenziso lwe-iPhone okanye i-Android.

Ndwendwela iCrohn's & Colitis Foundation ngezixhobo kunye nolwazi oluthe kratya kwi-IBD, kubandakanya isifo sikaCrohn kunye nesifo sokukrala kwezilonda.