Iziphumo ze-insulin emzimbeni

Umxholo

• Iindawo zenaliti ye-insulin
• Impompo ye-insulin
• Iveliswe kwi-pancreas
• Ukudalwa kwamandla nokusasazwa
• Ukugcinwa kwesibindi
• Ukugcina izihlunu namanqatha
• Iswekile yegazi elinganiselweyo
• Iiseli eziphilileyo
• Kumjelo wegazi
• Ulawulo lweKetone

I-insulin yihomoni yendalo eveliswa yipancreas elawula indlela osebenzisa ngayo umzimba wakho kunye nokugcina iswekile yegazi (iswekile). Kufana nesitshixo esivumela iswekile ukuba ingene kwiiseli kuwo wonke umzimba wakho.

I-insulin yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yemetabolism. Ngaphandle kwayo, umzimba wakho ubuya kuyeka ukusebenza.

Xa usitya, i-pancreas ikhupha i-insulin ukunceda umzimba wakho wenze amandla kwi-glucose, uhlobo lweswekile olufumaneka kwi-carbohydrate. Kuyanceda ukugcina amandla.

Kuhlobo 1 lweswekile, idakada ayisakwazi ukuvelisa i-insulin. Uhlobo lwesibini lweswekile, i-pancreas ekuqaleni ivelisa i-insulin, kodwa iiseli zomzimba wakho azikwazi ukuyisebenzisa kakuhle i-insulin. Oku kubizwa ngokuba kukunganyangeki kwe-insulin.

Isifo seswekile esingalawulwayo sivumela iswekile ukuba yakhe egazini kunokuba isasazwe kwiiseli okanye igcinwe. Oku kunokubangela umonakalo kuwo onke amalungu omzimba wakho.

Uvavanyo lwegazi lunokukhawuleza lubonise ukuba amanqanaba eglucose aphezulu kakhulu okanye asezantsi kakhulu.

Iingxaki zesifo seswekile zibandakanya isifo sezintso, ukonakala kwemithambo-luvo, iingxaki zentliziyo, iingxaki zamehlo, kunye neengxaki zesisu.

Abantu abanesifo seswekile sokuqala bafuna unyango lwe-insulin ukuze baphile. Abanye abantu abanesifo seswekile sesi-2 kufuneka bathathe unyango lwe-insulin ukulawula amanqanaba eswekile yegazi kunye nokuphepha iingxaki.

Ukuba unesifo seswekile, unyango lwe-insulin lungenza umsebenzi iipancreas zakho zingenako. Ezi ndidi zilandelayo ze-insulin ziyafumaneka:

• I-insulin esebenza ngokukhawuleza ifikelela kwigazi ngaphakathi kwemizuzu eli-15 kwaye iqhubeka isebenza ukuya kuthi ga kwiiyure ezi-4.
• I-insulin emfutshane lingena egazini kwimizuzu engama-30 lize lisebenze kangangeeyure ezingama-6.
• I-insulin esebenzayo phakathi ifumana indlela eya kwigazi lakho ngaphakathi kweeyure ezimbini ukuya kwezine kwaye iyasebenza malunga neeyure ezili-18.
• I-insulin esebenza ixesha elide iqala ukusebenza kwiiyure ezimbalwa kwaye igcina amanqanaba eglucose nkqu malunga neeyure ezingama-24.

Iindawo zenaliti ye-insulin

I-insulin ihlala itofelwa esiswini, kodwa inokujojiswa kwiingalo, emathangeni okanye ezimpundu.

Iindawo zokutofa kufuneka zijikelezwe ngaphakathi kwindawo enye ngokubanzi. Ukutofa rhoqo kwindawo enye kunokubangela ii-fatty deposits ezenza kube nzima ukuhanjiswa kwe-insulin.

Impompo ye-insulin

Endaweni yokutofa rhoqo, abanye abantu basebenzisa impompo ehambisa rhoqo iidosi ezincinci ze-insulin imini yonke.

Impompo ibandakanya i-catheter encinci ebekwe kwizicubu ezinamanqatha phantsi kolusu lwesisu. Inendawo yokugcina egcina i-insulin kunye netyhubhu encinci ehambisa i-insulin ukusuka kwidama ukuya kwi-catheter.

I-insulin echibini kufuneka iphinde izaliswe njengoko kufuneka. Ukuthintela usulelo, indawo yokufaka kufuneka itshintshwe rhoqo kwiintsuku ezi-2 ukuya kwezi-3.

Iveliswe kwi-pancreas

Xa usitya, ukutya kuhamba ngesisu sakho kunye namathumbu amancinci, apho kukwaphulwe khona kwaba zizakhamzimba ezibandakanya iswekile. Izakhamzimba ziyangeniswa zize zisasazwe ngokuhamba kwegazi lakho.

Ipancreas yindlala ebekwe emva kwesisu sakho edlala indima ebalulekileyo kwinkqubo yokwetyisa. Yenza ii-enzymes ezaphula amanqatha, istatshi, kunye neswekile ekutyeni. Ikwafihla i-insulin kunye nezinye iihormone kwigazi lakho.

I-insulin yenziwa kwiiseli ze-beta zepancreas. Iiseli zeBeta zibandakanya malunga neepesenti ezingama-75 zeeseli zepancreatic hormone.

Amanye amahomoni aveliswa yipancreas zezi:

• Ukudalwa kwamandla nokusasazwa

  Umsebenzi we-insulin kukunceda ukuguqula i-glucose ibe ngamandla kwaye uyihambise emzimbeni wakho, kubandakanya nenkqubo ye-nervous system kunye ne-cardiovascular system.

  Ngaphandle kwe-insulin, iiseli zilambele amandla kwaye kufuneka zifune omnye umthombo. Oku kunokukhokelela kwiingxaki ezisongela ubomi.

  Ukugcinwa kwesibindi

  I-insulin inceda isibindi sakho sithathe iswekile eninzi kwigazi lakho. Ukuba unamandla aneleyo, isibindi sigcina iswekile ongayifuni kwangoko ukuze isetyenziselwe amandla kamva.

  Kwelinye icala, isibindi sivelisa iswekile encinci ngokwaso. Oku kugcina amazinga akho eglucose egazini. Isibindi sikhupha inani elincinci leswekile kwigazi lakho phakathi kokutya ukugcina iswekile yegazi lakho kuluhlu olusempilweni.

  Ukugcina izihlunu namanqatha

  I-insulin inceda izihlunu zakho kunye neeseli ezinamafutha ukugcina iswekile engaphezulu ukuze ingagqithisi igazi lakho.

  Ihambisa iiseli zemisipha kunye namafutha ukuba iyeke ukwaphula iswekile ukunceda ukuzinzisa inqanaba leswekile yegazi.

  Iiseli emva koko ziqala ukudala i-glycogen, uhlobo olugciniweyo lweswekile. IGlycogen ibonelela ngomzimba wakho ngamandla xa inqanaba leswekile yegazi lehla.

  Xa isibindi sakho singabinakho ukubamba i-glycogen, i-insulin ibangela ukuba iiseli zakho ezityebileyo zithathe iswekile. Igcinwe njenge-triglycerides, uhlobo lwamafutha egazini lakho, anokusetyenziselwa amandla kamva.

  Iswekile yegazi elinganiselweyo

  Iswekile yegazi, okanye iswekile, isetyenziswa ngumzimba wakho ukufumana amandla. Xa usitya, yenziwe zii-carbohydrate ezininzi ozisebenzisayo. Iswekile inokusetyenziswa ngoko nangoko okanye igcinwe kwiiseli zakho. I-insulin inceda ukugcina iswekile esegazini lakho kuluhlu oluqhelekileyo.

  Yenza oku ngokukhupha iswekile kwigazi lakho kwaye uyihambise kwiiseli emzimbeni wakho wonke. Iiseli emva koko zisebenzisa iswekile yamandla kwaye zigcine ukugqitha kwisibindi, izihlunu, kunye nezicwili ezinamanqatha.

  Ukufumana iswekile eninzi egazini lakho kunokubangela iingxaki zempilo. Ngaphandle kweswekile, inokukhokelela kwintliziyo, izintso, iliso, kunye neengxaki zomthambo wegazi.

  Iiseli eziphilileyo

  Iiseli kwindawo nganye yomzimba wakho zifuna amandla ukuze zisebenze kwaye zihlale zisempilweni. I-insulin ibonelela ngeswekile esetyenziswa ziiseli ukufumana amandla.

  Ngaphandle kwe-insulin, iswekile ihlala egazini lakho, enokubangela iingxaki ezinobungozi njenge-hyperglycemia.

  Kunye neglucose, i-insulin inceda iiamino acid zingene kwiiseli zomzimba, ezakha ubunzima bemisipha. I-insulin ikwanceda iiseli zithathe ii-electrolyte ezinjenge-potassium, egcina amanqanaba akho omzimba womzimba.

  Kumjelo wegazi

  Xa i-insulin ingena kwigazi lakho, inceda iiseli kuwo wonke umzimba wakho-kubandakanya inkqubo ye-nervous system kunye ne-cardiovascular system-ukufumana i-glucose. Ngumsebenzi wenkqubo yokujikeleza kwegazi ukuhambisa i-insulin.

  Ngethuba nje ukuba i-pancreas ivelisa i-insulin eyaneleyo kwaye umzimba wakho ungayisebenzisa ngokufanelekileyo, amanqanaba eshukela egazi aya kugcinwa kwindawo efanelekileyo.

  Iswekile yeglucose egazini (i-hyperglycemia) inokubangela iingxaki ezinje ngomonakalo wemithambo-luvo (i-neuropathy), ukonakala kwezintso kunye neengxaki zamehlo.Iimpawu zeswekile ephezulu yegazi zibandakanya ukunxanwa okugqithisileyo kunye nokuchama rhoqo.

  Iswekile encinci egazini (i-hypoglycemia) inokukwenza uzive ucaphukile, udiniwe okanye udidekile. Iswekile esezantsi yegazi inokukhokelela ekulahlekelweni kwengqondo.

  Ulawulo lweKetone

  I-insulin inceda iiseli zakho zisebenzise iswekile yamandla. Xa iiseli zingenakho ukusebenzisa iswekile engaphezulu, ziqala ukutshisa amanqatha kumandla. Le nkqubo idala ingozi yokwakhiwa kweekhemikhali ezibizwa ngokuba yietoni.

  Umzimba wakho uzama ukulahla iitoni ngomchamo wakho, kodwa ngamanye amaxesha awunako ukuqhubeka. Oku kunokukhokelela kwimeko esongela ubomi ebizwa ngokuba sisifo seswekile ketoacidosis (DKA). Iimpawu zibandakanya ukuphefumla okunuka kamnandi, umlomo owomileyo, isicaphucaphu kunye nokugabha.