I-Orotracheal intubation: yintoni, yintoni eyenzelwe yona kwaye yenziwa njani

Umxholo

• Yenzelwe ntoni
• Yenziwa njani intubation
• Xa kungafanelekanga ukuba yenziwe
• Iingxaki ezinokwenzeka

I-Orotracheal intubation, edla ngokwaziwa njenge-intubation, yinkqubo apho ugqirha efaka ityhubhu ukusuka emlonyeni womntu ukuya kwi-trachea, ukuze kugcinwe indlela evulekileyo eya emiphungeni kunye nokuqinisekisa ukuphefumla ngokwaneleyo. Le tyhubhu ikwadityaniswa nesiphefumli, esibeka endaweni yemisipha yokuphefumla, sityhalele umoya emiphungeni.

Ke, i-intubation iboniswa xa ugqirha kufuneka abe nolawulo olupheleleyo lokuphefumla komntu, okwenzeka rhoqo rhoqo ngexesha lotyando nge-anesthesia ngokubanzi okanye ukugcina ukuphefumla kubantu abalaliswe esibhedlele kwimeko enzulu.

Le nkqubo kufuneka yenziwe kuphela ngumqeqeshi wezempilo oqeqeshiweyo kwaye kwindawo enezixhobo ezoneleyo, ezinjengezibhedlele, njengoko kukho umngcipheko wokubangela ukwenzakala okukhulu kwindlela yomoya.

Yenzelwe ntoni

I-Orotracheal intubation yenziwa xa kufuneka kulawulwe ngokupheleleyo indlela yomoya, enokuthi ifuneke kwiimeko ezinje:

• Ukuba phantsi kweanesthesia ngokubanzi yotyando;
• Unyango olunzulu kubantu abakwimeko enzima;
• Ukubanjwa kwentliziyo;
• Ukuthintelwa komoya, njenge-glottis edema.

Ukongeza, nayiphi na ingxaki yezempilo enokuthi ichaphazele indlela yomoya nayo inokuba luphawu lwe-intubation, njengoko kufuneka kuqinisekiswe ukuba imiphunga iyaqhubeka nokufumana ioksijini.

Kukho iityhubhu ezinobungakanani obahlukeneyo be-intubation, kwaye yintoni eyahlukileyo ngobubanzi bayo, eyona ixhaphakileyo iba yi-7 kunye ne-8 mm kubantu abadala. Kwimeko yabantwana, ubungakanani betyhubhu ye-intubation yenziwa ngokweminyaka.

Yenziwa njani intubation

I-Intubation yenziwa nomntu olele ngomqolo kwaye uhlala engekho zingqondweni, kwaye kwimeko yotyando, intubation yenziwa kuphela emva kokuqala kwe-anesthesia, kuba i-intubation yinkqubo engathandekiyo.

Ukwenza intubation ngokuchanekileyo, kufuneka abantu ababini: ogcina intamo ikhuselekile, eqinisekisa ulungelelwaniso lomqolo kunye nendlela yomoya, kwaye omnye afake ityhubhu. Olu khathalelo lubaluleke kakhulu emva kwengozi okanye kubantu abaqinisekisiweyo ukuba banomonakalo kumqolo, ukuthintela ukwenzakala kwentambo yomqolo.

Ke ngubani owenza intubation kufuneka atsale isilevu somntu emva kwaye avule umlomo womntu ukubeka i-laryngoscope emlonyeni, esi sisixhobo esiya ekuqaleni kwendlela yomoya kwaye ekuvumela ukuba ujonge i-glottis kunye neentambo zezwi. Emva koko, ityhubhu yokufakwa ngaphakathi ibekwa ngomlomo nangokuvulwa kweglottis.

Okokugqibela, ityhubhu incanyathiselwe kwisiza ngebhaluni encinci enokutsha kwaye iqhagamshelwe kwisiphefumli, esithatha indawo yomsebenzi wemisipha yokuphefumla kwaye sivumele umoya ukuba ufike emiphungeni.

Xa kungafanelekanga ukuba yenziwe

Zimbalwa izinto ezichasayo kwi-orotracheal intubation, njengoko yinkqubo engxamisekileyo enceda ukuqinisekisa ukuphefumla. Nangona kunjalo, le nkqubo kufuneka ithintelwe kubantu abanoluhlobo oluthile lokusikwa kwi-trachea, ngokukhetha ukunikezelwa kotyando olubeka ityhubhu endaweni.

Ubukho bokwenzakala kwethambo lomqolo ayisiyongqinelwano lwe-intubation, njengoko kunokwenzeka ukuzinzisa intamo ukuze ingangxami okanye ibangele ukonzakala okusha kwethambo lomqolo.

Iingxaki ezinokwenzeka

Eyona ngxaki inkulu enokwenzeka kwi-intubation kukubekwa kwebhubhu kwindawo engeyiyo, njengakwindawo yomqala, ukuthumela umoya esiswini endaweni yemiphunga, kukhokelela ekuswelekeni kweoksijini.

Ukongeza, ukuba ayenziwanga ngugqirha kwezononophelo lwempilo, intubation isenokubangela ukonakala kwendlela yokuphefumla, ukopha kwaye kukhokelele ekulangazeleleni komhlana kwimiphunga.