Ngaba i-genetics ingayandisa ingozi yakho yomhlaza wolusu?

Umxholo

• Zeziphi iintlobo eziqhelekileyo zomhlaza wolusu?
• I-Keratinocyte carcinoma
• Melanoma
• Yintoni indima edlalwa yimfuzo kumhlaza wolusu?
• Ezinye izinto ezizuzwe njengelifa
• Yintoni enye enokwandisa umngcipheko womhlaza wolusu?
• Ngawaphi amanyathelo onokuwathatha ukuzikhusela?
• Umgca wezantsi

Imfuza ichonga yonke into ukusuka kumbala wamehlo akho kunye nokuphakama ukuya kwiindidi zokutya othanda ukukutya.

Ukongeza kwezi mpawu zikwenza ukuba ungubani, i-genetics ngelishwa inokudlala indima kwiintlobo ezininzi zezifo, kubandakanya nomhlaza wolusu.

Ngelixa kuyinyani ukuba izinto zokusingqongileyo njengokuvezwa lilanga zezona zinto zibalulekileyo, i-genetics isenokuba ngumngcipheko wokuba nomhlaza wolusu.

Zeziphi iintlobo eziqhelekileyo zomhlaza wolusu?

Umhlaza wolusu wophulwe ngokusekwe kuhlobo lweeseli zolusu ezichaphazelekayo. Ezona ntlobo zixhaphakileyo zomhlaza wolusu zezi:

I-Keratinocyte carcinoma

I-Keratinocyte carcinoma lolona hlobo luqhelekileyo lomhlaza wolusu, kwaye lungohlulwa lube ngamacandelo amabini:

• I-basal cell carcinoma i-akhawunti malunga neepesenti ezingama-80 zomhlaza wesikhumba. Ichaphazela iiseli ezingaphantsi, ezibekwe kumaleko angaphandle kwesikhumba (i-epidermis). Olu lolona hlobo lincinci lomhlaza wolusu.
• I-squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) ichaphazela abantu abamalunga ne-700,000 e-United States minyaka le. Iqala kwiiseli ezinobundlobongela, ezifumaneka kwi-epidermis kanye ngaphezulu kweeseli ezisisiseko.

Umhlaza wesikhumba kunye neeseli zeselam squamous kunokwenzeka ukuba zikhule kwiindawo ezisemzimbeni wakho ezisoloko zichanabeka elangeni, njengentloko kunye nentamo yakho.

Ngelixa zinokusasazeka kwezinye iindawo zomzimba wakho, mancinci amathuba okuba zenze njalo, ngakumbi ukuba ziyabanjwa kwaye ziphathwe kwangoko.

Melanoma

I-Melanoma luhlobo olungaqhelekanga lomhlaza wolusu, kodwa luhlasela ngakumbi.

Olu hlobo lomhlaza wolusu luchaphazela iiseli ekuthiwa zii-melanocytes, ezinika ulusu umbala walo. I-Melanoma iyakwazi ukusasazeka kwezinye iindawo zomzimba wakho ukuba ayibanjwanga kwaye iphathwe ngokukhawuleza.

Ezinye iintlobo ezingaqhelekanga zomhlaza wolusu zibandakanya:

• T-cell lymphoma enqamlezileyo
• dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (DFSP)
• Merkel iseli carcinoma
• carcinoma ebusayo

Yintoni indima edlalwa yimfuzo kumhlaza wolusu?

Ngelixa sisazi ukuba ukubonakaliswa kwimitha ye-ultraviolet (i-UV) evela elangeni kunye neebhedi zokucoca ukonyusa umngcipheko womhlaza wolusu, i-genetics yakho, okanye imbali yosapho, inokuba sisizathu sokuphuhlisa iintlobo ezithile zomhlaza wolusu.

Ngokwe-Skin Cancer Foundation, malunga neepesenti ezilishumi kubo bonke abantu abafunyaniswa ukuba bane-melanoma banelungu losapho eline-melanoma ngaxa lithile ebomini babo.

Ke ukuba esinye sezihlobo zakho ezisondeleyo, njengomzali, udade, okanye umntakwenu, ebene-melanoma, usengozini eyandayo.

Ukongeza, ukuba unembali yosapho ye-melanoma kwaye une-moles ezininzi ezingaqhelekanga, usengozini ephezulu yokuphuhlisa olu hlobo lomhlaza.

Ama-Moles athathwa njengokungaqhelekanga okanye atypical athambekele ekubeni enye okanye ezingaphezulu kwezi zinto zilandelayo:

• i-asymmetrical (elinye icala lahlukile kwelinye)
• umda ongagunyaziswanga okanye onejagni
• i-mole yahlukile kwimibala emdaka, emnyama, ebomvu, okanye emnyama
• i-mole ingaphezulu kwe-1/4 intshi ububanzi
• i-mole itshintshile ubungakanani, imilo, umbala, okanye ubukhulu

Ukudityaniswa kweentsumpa ezingaqhelekanga kunye nembali yosapho yomhlaza wolusu yaziwa njenge-atypical multiple mole melanoma syndrome (FAMMM).

Abantu abane-FAMMM syndrome banamaxesha ali-17.3 amathuba okuphuhlisa i-melanoma xa kuthelekiswa nabantu abangenayo le syndrome.

Abaphandi bafumanise ukuba iintlobo ezithile zemfuza ezinesiphene zinokufunyanwa njengelifa. Oku kunokunyusa umngcipheko wokuba nomhlaza wolusu.

Ngokwe-Skin Cancer Foundation, utshintsho lwe-DNA kwi-genes suppressor genes, njenge-CDKN2A kunye ne-BAP1, lunokunyusa umngcipheko we-melanoma.

Ukuba ezi zofuzo ziye zonakaliswe yimitha yelanga, zinokuyeka ukwenza umsebenzi wazo wokulawula ukukhula kweseli. Oku kunokunyusa umngcipheko weeseli ezinomhlaza ezikhulayo kulusu.

Ezinye izinto ezizuzwe njengelifa

Ngaba wakha weva ukuba abantu abalungileyo okanye abanebala elikhanyayo basemngciphekweni omkhulu womhlaza wolusu? Oku kuyinyani, kwaye kungenxa yeempawu zomzimba ozizuz 'ilifa kubazali bakho.

Abantu abazalwa benale misebenzi ilandelayo basemngciphekweni omkhulu wokukhula komhlaza wolusu ngaxa lithile ebomini babo:

• ulusu olumenyezelayo olujijeka ngokulula
• iinwele ezimhlophe okanye bomvu
• Amehlo akhanyayo

Yintoni enye enokwandisa umngcipheko womhlaza wolusu?

Uninzi lomhlaza lubangelwa kukudityaniswa kwemfuza kunye nokusingqongileyo. Nangona imfuza yakho ingadlala indima ekwenzeni ukuba ube sesichengeni somhlaza wolusu, okusingqongileyo kudlala indima enkulu.

Ukuchazwa kwimitha yelanga (UV) elangeni ngoyena nobangela wesifo somhlaza wolusu. Iibhedi zokususa, amadokodo kunye nezibane zelanga nazo zivelisa imitha ye-UV enokuba nobungozi ngokulinganayo kulusu lwakho.

Ngokwe-National Human Genome Research Institute, umhlaza wolusu unxulumene nexesha lokuphila kwakho kwimitha ye-UV.

Yiyo loo nto nangona ilanga linokonakalisa ulusu lwakho kwasebuncinaneni, iimeko ezininzi zomhlaza wolusu zivela kuphela emva kweminyaka engama-50.

Imitha ye-UV evela elangeni inokutshintsha okanye yokonakalisa ukwakheka kwe-DNA yeeseli zakho zolusu, ibangele ukuba iiseli zomhlaza zikhule kwaye zande.

Abantu abahlala kwiindawo ezinelanga ezifumana imitha ephezulu ye-UV elangeni basemngciphekweni omkhulu womhlaza wolusu.

Ngawaphi amanyathelo onokuwathatha ukuzikhusela?

Nokuba awukho kudidi lomngcipheko omkhulu womhlaza wolusu, kubalulekile ukuba uthathe amanyathelo okukhusela ulusu lwakho ekonakaleni kwelanga.

Ukuba umhlaza wolusu ubaleka kusapho lwakho, okanye ukuba ulusu olukhanyayo, kufuneka uthathe unonophelo olongezelelekileyo ukuzikhusela elangeni.

Kungakhathaliseki ukuba ubungozi bakho, nantsi amanyathelo okuthatha:

• Sebenzisa i-sunscreen ebanzi. Oku kuthetha ukuba i-sunscreen inako ukubamba zombini i-UVA kunye nemitha ye-UVB.
• Sebenzisa i-sunscreen ene-SPF ephezulu. IAmerican Academy of Dermatology (AAD) icebisa i-SPF engama-30 okanye ngaphezulu.
• Faka isicelo kwakhona kwi-sunscreen rhoqo. Faka isicelo kwakhona rhoqo emva kweeyure ezi-2 okanye rhoqo ukuba ubila, uqubha, okanye uzilolonga.
• Nciphisa ukukhanya kwakho elangeni. Hlala emthunzini ukuba ungaphandle, ngakumbi phakathi kwe-10 kusasa kunye ne-3 pm, xa imitha yelanga ye-UV yomelele.
• Thwala umnqwazi. Isigqoko esine-brimm ebanzi sinokunika ukhuseleko olongezelelekileyo entlokweni yakho, ebusweni, ezindlebeni nasentanyeni.
• Gquma. Iimpahla zinokukhusela kwimitha yelanga eyonakalisayo. Nxiba iimpahla ezikhanyayo nezinokukuvumela ukuba uphefumle.
• Fumana ukuhlolwa rhoqo kolusu. Yenza ulusu lwakho luhlolwe rhoqo ngonyaka ngugqirha wakho okanye ngugqirha wesikhumba. Yazisa ugqirha wakho ukuba unembali yosapho ye-melanoma okanye olunye umhlaza wolusu.

Umgca wezantsi

Umhlaza wolusu ubangelwa kukudityaniswa kwendalo kunye nemfuza.

Ukuba unelungu losapho eliye lafunyanwa linomhlaza wolusu ngaxa lithile ebomini babo, unokuba semngciphekweni owandayo wolu hlobo lomhlaza.

Nangona ukuguqulwa kwemfuza ethile kunokwandisa umngcipheko, ukubonakaliswa kwemitha ye-ultraviolet evela elangeni okanye kwiibhedi zokuqhawula ulusu yeyona nto iphambili yomhlaza kulusu.

Unokuwunciphisa kakhulu umngcipheko wokuba nomhlaza wolusu ngokuthatha amanyathelo okuzikhusela kwimitha yelanga.

Oku kubandakanya:

• ukunxiba nokufaka kwakhona i-sunscreen ebanzi ebanzi
• ukugquma iindawo zolusu lwakho ezinokuthi zivezwe kukukhanya kwelanga
• ukufumana ukuhlolwa komhlaza wolusu rhoqo