Intsholongwane kaGawulayo, amayeza, kunye nezifo zezintso

Umxholo

• Izinto ezenziwa zizintso
• Ungazonakalisa njani izintso i-HIV
• Unyango lwe-antiretroviral kunye nesifo sezintso
• Ukuvavanyelwa isifo sezintso
• Ukulawula i-HIV kunye nesifo sezintso
• Q:
• A:

Intshayelelo

Unyango ngamachiza alwa nentsholongwane kaGawulayo lunceda abantu abane-HIV ukuba baphile ixesha elide kwaye bangcono kunakuqala. Nangona kunjalo, abantu abane-HIV basengozini ephezulu yezinye iingxaki zonyango, kubandakanya isifo sezintso. Isifo sezintso sinokuba sisiphumo sosulelo lwe-HIV okanye iziyobisi ezisetyenziselwa ukunyanga. Ngethamsanqa, kwiimeko ezininzi, isifo sezintso siyanyangeka.

Nazi izinto ezimbalwa zokwazi malunga nomngcipheko wesifo sezintso kubantu abane-HIV.

Izinto ezenziwa zizintso

Izintso yinkqubo yokucoca umzimba. Esi sibini samalungu sisusa ityhefu kunye nolwelo oluninzi emzimbeni. Ulwelo ekugqibeleni lishiya umzimba ngomchamo. Intso nganye inezihluzo ezincinane ezingaphezu kwesigidi ezilungele ukucoca igazi leemveliso zenkunkuma.

Njengamanye amalungu omzimba, izintso zinokwenzakala. Ukulimala kunokubangelwa kukugula, ukwenzakala, okanye amayeza athile. Xa izintso zenzakele, azikwazi ukwenza umsebenzi wazo ngokufanelekileyo. Umsebenzi ombi wezintso ungakhokelela ekwakhiweni kwemveliso yenkunkuma kunye neencindi zomzimba. Isifo sezintso sinokubangela ukudinwa, ukudumba emilenzeni, ukuxhuzula kwezihlunu nokudideka kwengqondo. Kwiimeko ezinzima, kunokubangela ukufa.

Ungazonakalisa njani izintso i-HIV

Abantu abanosulelo lwe-HIV kunye nemithwalo ephezulu yentsholongwane okanye ukubala kweeseli ze-CD4 ezisezantsi (T cell) ukubala kunokwenzeka ukuba babe nesifo sezintso esinganyangekiyo. Intsholongwane kaGawulayo ingahlasela izihluzo kwizintso kwaye ibanqande ekusebenzeni ngokusemandleni abo. Esi siphumo sibizwa ngokuba yi-nephropathy ehambelana ne-HIV, okanye i-HIVAN.

Ukongeza, umngcipheko wesifo sezintso unokuphakama kubantu:

• unesifo seswekile, uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu, okanye ihepatitis C
• badala kwiminyaka engama-65
• Unelungu losapho elinesifo sezintso
• Ngaba baseMelika baseMelika, abemi boMdabu baseMelika, amaSpanishi aseMelika, iAsia, okanye isiQithi sePasifiki
• basebenzise amayeza onakalisa izintso iminyaka eliqela

Ngamanye amaxesha, le mingcipheko yongezelelweyo inokuncitshiswa. Umzekelo, ulawulo olufanelekileyo loxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu, isifo seswekile, okanye i-hepatitis C inokunciphisa umngcipheko wokuba nesifo sezintso kwezi meko. Kwakhona, i-HIVAN ayiqhelekanga kubantu abanomthamo wentsholongwane ophantsi onee-T cell counts kuluhlu oluqhelekileyo. Ukuthatha amayeza abo kanye ngendlela emiselweyo kunokunceda abantu abane-HIV bagcine umthamo wentsholongwane kunye neeseli ze-T apho kufanele ukuba bakho khona. Ukwenza oku kunokunceda ukuthintela ukonzakala kwezintso.

Abanye abantu abane-HIV abanakho ukubanale miba yomngcipheko wokonzakaliswa kwezintso okubangelwe yi-HIV. Nangona kunjalo, amayeza alawula usulelo lwe-HIV asenokubangela ukwanda komngcipheko wezintso.

Unyango lwe-antiretroviral kunye nesifo sezintso

Unyango lwe-antiretroviral lunokusebenza kakhulu ekwehliseni ubungakanani bentsholongwane, ukunyusa iinombolo zeeseli ze-T, kunye nokumisa i-HIV ekuhlaseleni umzimba. Nangona kunjalo, amachiza e-antiretroviral athile anokubangela iingxaki zezintso kwabanye abantu.

Amayeza anokuchaphazela inkqubo yokuhluza izintso kubandakanya:

• i-tenofovir, ichiza laseViread kunye nelinye lamachiza ngokudibanisa amayeza eTruvada, Atripla, Stribild, kunye neComplera
• indinavir (Crixivan), atazanavir (Reyataz), kunye nezinye i-HIV protease inhibitors, ezinokukhenkceza ngaphakathi kwinkqubo yokuhambisa amanzi kwizintso, ibangele amatye ezintso

Ukuvavanyelwa isifo sezintso

Iingcali zicebisa ukuba abantu abavavanywe benayo i-HIV nabo bavavanyelwe isifo sezintso. Ukwenza oku, umboneleli wezempilo uya kuyalela ukuvavanywa kwegazi kunye nomchamo.

Ezi mvavanyo zilinganisa inqanaba leprotein kumchamo kunye nenqanaba lemveliso yenkunkuma ye-creatinine egazini. Iziphumo zinceda umboneleli abone ukuba zisebenza kakuhle kangakanani izintso.

Ukulawula i-HIV kunye nesifo sezintso

Isifo sezintso yingxaki ye-HIV edla ngokulawulwa. Kubalulekile ukuba abantu abane-HIV bacwangcise kwaye bagcine ixesha lokudibana nokhathalelo olulandelayo kunye nomboneleli wabo wezempilo. Ngexesha lokuqeshwa, umboneleli unokuxoxa ngendlela efanelekileyo yokulawula iimeko zempilo ukunciphisa umngcipheko weengxaki ezingaphezulu.

Q:

Ngaba lukhona unyango xa ndinesi sifo sezintso?

A:

Zininzi iindlela onokukhetha kuzo nogqirha wakho. Banokuhlengahlengisa idosi yakho ye-ART okanye bakunike amayeza oxinzelelo lwegazi okanye i-diuretics (iipilisi zamanzi) okanye zombini. Ugqirha wakho unokuthathela ingqalelo ukucofa igazi ukucoca igazi. Ukufakelwa kwezintso kunokukhetha. Unyango lwakho luya kuxhomekeka ekubeni isifo sakho sezintso safunyanwa nini kwaye sinzima kangakanani. Ezinye iimeko zempilo onazo ziya kuthi zibekho.