Ukutshintshwa kwezintso

Umxholo

• Yintoni ukufakelwa kwezintso?
• Ngubani onokufuna ukufakelwa kwezintso?
• Ngubani onikela ngezintso?
• Abaxhasi abaphilayo
• Abaxhasi abaswelekileyo
• Inkqubo ehambelanayo
• Kwenziwa njani ukufakelwa kwezintso?
• Emva kokhathalelo
• Buphi ubungozi bokufakelwa kwezintso?
• Imingcipheko enokubakho

Yintoni ukufakelwa kwezintso?

Ukufakelwa kwezintso yinkqubo yotyando eyenziweyo ukunyanga ukusilela kwezintso. Izintso zicoca inkunkuma egazini kwaye ziyisuse emzimbeni ngomchamo wakho. Zikwanceda ukugcina ulwelo lomzimba wakho kunye nokulingana kwe-electrolyte. Ukuba izintso zakho ziyayeka ukusebenza, inkunkuma iyakha emzimbeni wakho kwaye inokukugulisa kakhulu.

Abantu abanezintso ezingaphumelelanga bahlala kunyango olubizwa ngokuba yi-dialysis. Olu nyango ngoomatshini luhluza inkunkuma eyakhekayo kwigazi xa izintso ziyeke ukusebenza.

Abanye abantu abanezintso ezingaphumelelanga banokulungela ukufakelwa izintso. Kule nkqubo, enye okanye zombini izintso zithathelwa indawo zezintso ezivela kubantu abaphilayo okanye abaswelekileyo.

Kukho ubuchule kunye nobubi kuzo zombini i-dialysis kunye nokufakelwa kwezintso.

Ukwenza i-dialysis kuthatha ixesha kwaye kufuna abasebenzi abaninzi. I-Dialysis ihlala ifuna ukwenza uhambo oluya rhoqo kwiziko le-dialysis ukufumana unyango. Kwiziko le-dialysis, igazi lakho liyacocwa kusetyenziswa umatshini we-dialysis.

Ukuba ungumgqatswa ukuba une-dialysis ekhayeni lakho, kuyakufuneka uthenge izinto ze-dialysis kwaye ufunde ukuzisebenzisa.

Ukufakelwa kwezintso kunokukukhulula ekuxhomekekeni kwexesha elide kumatshini we-dialysis kunye neshedyuli engqongqo ehamba nayo. Oku kunokukuvumela ukuba uphile ubomi obusebenzayo. Nangona kunjalo, ukufakelwa kwezintso akulungele wonke umntu. Oku kubandakanya abantu abaneentsholongwane ezisebenzayo kunye nalabo batyebe kakhulu.

Ngexesha lofakelo lwezintso, ugqirha wakho wotyando uya kuthatha izintso ezinikelwe kwaye azibeke emzimbeni wakho. Nangona uzalwe ngezintso ezimbini, unokuphila ubomi obusempilweni kunye nezintso kuphela ezisebenzayo. Emva kokufakelwa, kuya kufuneka uthathe amayeza okucinezela amajoni omzimba ukugcina amajoni akho omzimba ekuhlaseleni ilungu elitsha.

Ngubani onokufuna ukufakelwa kwezintso?

Ukufakelwa kwezintso kunokukhetha ukuba izintso zakho ziyeke ukusebenza ngokupheleleyo. Le meko ibizwa ngokuba sisifo se-renal sokugqibela (i-ESRD) okanye isifo sesifo sokugqibela (i-ESKD). Ukuba ufikelela kweli nqanaba, ugqirha wakho unokucebisa nge-dialysis.

Ukongeza kukubeka kwi-dialysis, ugqirha wakho uya kukuxelela ukuba ngaba ucinga ukuba ungumgqatswa ofanelekileyo wokufakelwa kwezintso.

Kuya kufuneka ube sempilweni ngokwaneleyo ukuze ube notyando olukhulu kwaye unyamezele imo engqongqo, yonyango engapheliyo emva kotyando ukuze ube ngumgqatswa ofanelekileyo wokufakelwa Kuya kufuneka uzimisele kwaye ukwazi ukulandela yonke imiyalelo kugqirha wakho kwaye uthathe amayeza akho rhoqo.

Ukuba unesifo esibi kakhulu, ukufakelwa kwezintso kunokuba yingozi okanye kungenzeki ukuba uphumelele. Ezi meko zinzima zibandakanya:

• umhlaza, okanye imbali yakutshanje yomhlaza
• usulelo olubi, njengesifo sephepha, usulelo lwethambo, okanye isifo sokudumba kwesibindi
• isifo sentliziyo esiqatha
• isifo sesibindi

Ugqirha wakho unokucebisa ukuba awunakufakelwa ukuba:

• umsi
• usele utywala ngokugqithisileyo
• sebenzisa iziyobisi ezingekho mthethweni

Ukuba ugqirha wakho ucinga ukuba ungumgqatswa ofanelekileyo wokufakelwa kwaye unomdla kwinkqubo, kuyakufuneka uvavanywe kwiziko lokufakelwa.

Olu vavanyo luhlala lubandakanya utyelelo oluninzi ukuvavanya imeko yakho yomzimba, yengqondo kunye nosapho. Oogqirha beziko baya kuqhuba iimvavanyo kwigazi lakho kunye nomchamo. Kananjalo baya kukunika uvavanyo lomzimba olupheleleyo ukuqinisekisa ukuba uphilile ngokwaneleyo ukuba ungatyandwa.

Isazi ngengqondo kunye nonontlalontle baya kudibana nawe ukuqinisekisa ukuba uyakwazi ukuqonda nokulandela irejimeni yonyango enzima. Unontlalontle uya kuqinisekisa ukuba uyakwazi ukuyifumana le nkqubo kwaye ufumane inkxaso eyoneleyo emva kokuba ukhululwe esibhedlele.

Ukuba uvunyiwe ukufakelwa, nokuba lilungu losapho linokunikela ngezintso okanye uyakufakwa kuluhlu lokulinda ne-Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network (OPTN). Ukulindelwa okuqhelekileyo kwilungu lomnikeli ongasekhoyo kungaphaya kweminyaka emihlanu.

Ngubani onikela ngezintso?

Abanikeli bezintso banokuba bayaphila okanye baswelekile.

Abaxhasi abaphilayo

Ngenxa yokuba umzimba unokusebenza ngokugqibeleleyo ngentso enye kuphela esempilweni, ilungu losapho elinezintso ezimbini ezisempilweni linokukhetha ukunikela ngenye yazo.

Ukuba igazi lelungu losapho kunye nezicubu ziyahambelana negazi kunye nezicubu zakho, unokucwangcisa umnikelo ocwangcisiweyo.

Ukufumana izintso kwilungu losapho lukhetho olufanelekileyo. Unciphisa umngcipheko wokuba umzimba wakho ungazamkeli izintso, kwaye ikwenza ukuba ugqithise uluhlu lokulindela lweminyaka emininzi kulowo ubengasekhoyo.

Abaxhasi abaswelekileyo

Abaxhasi abaswelekileyo babizwa ngokuba ngabaxhasi be-cadaver. Aba ngabantu abaswelekileyo, ngesiqhelo ngenxa yengozi kunokuba babe sisifo. Nokuba umnikeli okanye usapho lwabo lukhethile ukunikela ngamalungu abo kunye nezicubu.

Umzimba wakho kunokwenzeka ukuba uzikhanyele izintso kumnikeli ongadibaniyo. Nangona kunjalo, ilungu le-cadaver lolunye uhlobo olulungileyo ukuba awunayo ilungu losapho okanye umhlobo ozimisele okanye okwaziyo ukunikela ngezintso.

Inkqubo ehambelanayo

Ngethuba lokuvavanya ukufakelwa, uya kuba neemvavanyo zegazi ukucacisa uhlobo lwegazi (A, B, AB, okanye O) kunye ne-antigen leukocyte antigen (HLA). I-HLA liqela leeantianti ezibekwe kumphezulu weeseli ezimhlophe zegazi. Iantigens zinoxanduva lokuphendula komzimba wakho.

Ukuba uhlobo lwakho lwe-HLA luhambelana nodidi lwe-HLA yomnikeli, kunokwenzeka ukuba umzimba wakho awuyi kuyala intso. Umntu ngamnye une-antigen ezintandathu, ezintathu kumzali ngamnye webhayoloji. Ama-antigen amaninzi afanayo nalawo mnikeli, maninzi amathuba okufakelwa ngempumelelo.

Nje ukuba umntu onokunikela achongwe, uyakufuna olunye uvavanyo ukuqinisekisa ukuba ii-antibodies zakho aziyi kuhlasela ilungu lomnikeli. Oku kwenziwa ngokuxuba inani elincinci legazi lakho kunye negazi lomnikeli.

Ukufakelwa akunakwenziwa ukuba igazi lakho lenza ii-antibodies ngokuphendula kwigazi lomnikeli.

Ukuba igazi lakho alibonisi mpendulo, unento ebizwa ngokuba yi "crossmatch engalunganga." Oku kuthetha ukuba ukufakelwa kunokuqhubeka.

Kwenziwa njani ukufakelwa kwezintso?

Ugqirha wakho unokucwangcisa ukufakelwa kwangaphambili ukuba ufumana izintso kumnikeli ophilayo.

Nangona kunjalo, ukuba ulinde umnikeli ongasekhoyo ongumdlalo osondeleyo wohlobo lwethishu yakho, kuya kufuneka ubekhona ukuze ukhawuleze uye esibhedlele ngomzuzwana xa kuchongwe umnikeli. Izibhedlele ezininzi zokufakelwa zinika abantu bazo iipager okanye iiselfowuni ukuze bafikeleleke ngokukhawuleza.

Nje ukuba ufike kwiziko lokufakelwa, kuya kufuneka unike isampuli yegazi lakho kuvavanyo lomzimba. Uya kucocwa ukuze wenze utyando ukuba isiphumo siyinto enqamlezileyo.

Ukufakelwa kwezintso kwenziwa phantsi kwe-anesthesia ngokubanzi. Oku kubandakanya ukukunika amayeza anokulalisa ngexesha lotyando. I-anesthetic iya kutofwa emzimbeni wakho ngokusebenzisa umgca we-intravenous (IV) esandleni sakho okanye engalweni.

Nje ukuba ulele, ugqirha wakho wenza isisu esiswini sakho kwaye ubeka izintso zomnikeli ngaphakathi. Emva koko badibanisa imithambo kunye nemithambo evela kwizintso ukuya kwimithambo yakho kunye nemithambo. Oku kuyakwenza ukuba igazi liqale ukuhamba ngentso entsha.

Ugqirha wakho uya kuthi ancamathisele ureter omtsha wezintso kwisinyi sakho ukuze ukwazi ukuchama ngokwesiqhelo. I-ureter yityhubhu edibanisa izintso zakho nakwisinyi sakho.

Ugqirha wakho uya kushiya izintso zakho zoqobo emzimbeni wakho ngaphandle kokuba zibangela iingxaki, ezinje ngoxinzelelo lwegazi okanye usulelo.

Emva kokhathalelo

Uya kuvuka kwigumbi lokubuyisela. Abasebenzi besibhedlele baya kubeka iliso kwiimpawu zakho ezibalulekileyo de baqiniseke ukuba uvukile kwaye uzinzile. Emva koko, baya kukuhambisa kwigumbi lesibhedlele.

Nokuba uziva umkhulu emva kokufakwa kwakho (abantu abaninzi benza), kuya kufuneka uhlale esibhedlele kangangeveki emva kotyando.

Intso yakho entsha ingaqala ukucoca inkunkuma emzimbeni ngoko nangoko, okanye ingathatha iiveki ezimbalwa ngaphambi kokuba iqale ukusebenza. Izintso ezinikelwe ngamalungu osapho zihlala ziqala ukusebenza ngokukhawuleza kunalezo ezivela kubanikeli abangadibaniyo okanye abangasekhoyo.

Unokulindela intlungu elungileyo kunye nokukhathazeka kufutshane nendawo yokucheba ngelixa uphilisa kuqala. Ngelixa usesibhedlele, oogqirha bakho baya kukujonga ngeengxaki. Bayakukubeka kwishedyuli engqongqo yamachiza okhusela umzimba ukuze unqande umzimba wakho ukwala izintso ezintsha. Uya kudinga ukuthatha la machiza yonke imihla ukukhusela umzimba wakho ekugatheni izintso zomnikeli.

Ngaphambi kokuba uphume esibhedlele, iqela lakho lokufaka liya kukunika imiyalelo ethile malunga nokuba ungawathatha njani kwaye nini amayeza akho. Qinisekisa ukuba uyayiqonda le miyalelo, kwaye ubuze imibuzo emininzi njengoko kufuneka. Oogqirha bakho bayakwenza ishedyuli yokujonga ukuba uyilandele emva kotyando.

Nje ukuba ukhululwe, kuyakufuneka ugcine ixesha lokudibana kunye neqela lakho lokufakelwa ukuze babe nokuvavanya ukuba isebenza njani na intso yakho entsha.

Uya kudinga ukuthatha iziyobisi zakho zokuzikhusela emzimbeni njengoko kuyalelwe. Ugqirha wakho uya kukuyalela amayeza ongezelelweyo ukunciphisa umngcipheko wosulelo. Okokugqibela, kuyakufuneka uziqwalasele ngokwakho kwiimpawu zokulumkisa ukuba umzimba wakho uzalile iintso. Oku kubandakanya iintlungu, ukudumba, kunye neempawu ezinje ngomkhuhlane.

Kuya kufuneka ulandele rhoqo nogqirha wakho kwinyanga yokuqala ukuya kwezimbini emva kotyando. Ukuchacha kwakho kungathatha malunga neenyanga ezintandathu.

Buphi ubungozi bokufakelwa kwezintso?

Ukufakelwa kwezintso lutyando olukhulu. Ke ngoko, inobungozi:

• ukungaphenduli komzimba kwi-anesthesia jikelele
• ukopha
• amahlwili egazi
• ukuvuza okuvela kwi-ureter
• ukuvaleka kwe-ureter
• usulelo
• ukwaliwa kwezintso ezinikelwe
• ukusilela kwezintso ezinikelweyo
• isifo sentliziyo
• icala

Imingcipheko enokubakho

Owona mngcipheko ubalulekileyo wokufakelwa kukuba umzimba wakho uyala intso. Nangona kunjalo, kunqabile ukuba umzimba wakho ungayamkeli intso yomnikeli wakho.

I-Mayo Clinic iqikelela ukuba iipesenti ezingama-90 zabangenisi abafumana iintso zabo kumnikeli ophilayo bahlala iminyaka emihlanu ubuninzi emva kotyando. Malunga neepesenti ezingama-82 zabo bafumana izintso kumnikeli ongasekhoyo bahlala iminyaka emihlanu emva koko.

Ukuba uqaphela ukukhathazeka okungaqhelekanga kwindawo yokuqhawula okanye utshintsho kumyinge womchamo, vumela iqela lakho lokufakelwa lazi kwangoko. Ukuba umzimba wakho uyala intso entsha, ungaqala kwakhona nge-dialysis kwaye ubuyele kuluhlu lokulinda kolunye izintso emva kokuvavanywa kwakhona.

Amachiza oxinzelelo emzimbeni omele ukuwathatha emva kotyando anokukhokelela kwiziphumo ebezingalunganga. Oku kunokubandakanya:

• ukutyeba kwakho
• ukunciphisa amathambo
• ukukhula kweenwele
• induna
• umngcipheko ophezulu wokukhula komhlaza othile wolusu kunye ne-non-Hodgkin's lymphoma

Thetha nogqirha wakho malunga nemingcipheko yokuphuhlisa le miphumo.