I-Leptospirosis: yintoni, iimpawu, unobangela kunye nendlela olwenzeka ngayo usulelo

Umxholo

• Iimpawu eziphambili
• Unobangela weleptospirosis
• Ngaba kwenzeka njani ukuhambisa
• Kufuneka wenze ntoni ukuthintela
• Unyango lwenziwa njani

I-Leptospirosis sisifo esosulelayo esibangelwa ziintsholongwane zohlobo Leptospira, ezinokudluliselwa ebantwini ngokunxibelelana nomchamo kunye nelindle lezilwanyana ezisulelwe yile ntsholongwane, ezinjengeempuku, ikakhulu izinja neekati.

Esi sifo sivela rhoqo ngamaxesha onogumbe, kuba ngenxa yezikhukula, amadama kunye nomhlaba ofumileyo, umchamo wezilwanyana ezosulelekileyo unokusasazeka ngokulula kwaye intsholongwane yosulela umntu ngenwebu yangaphakathi okanye amanxeba esikhumba, esenza iimpawu ezifana nomkhuhlane, ukubanda, amehlo abomvu, intloko ebuhlungu kunye nobucaphucaphu.

Nangona iimeko ezininzi zibangela iimpawu ezinobulali, abanye abantu banokuqhubela phambili kunye neengxaki ezinzulu, ezinjengokopha, ukungaphumeleli kwezintso okanye i-meningitis, umzekelo, ke, nanini na xa kurhanelwa esi sifo, kubalulekile ukuya kugqirha osulelekileyo okanye ugqirha jikelele ukuze wenza uxilongo kwaye waqala unyango, olunokuthi lwenziwe ngamayeza okuphelisa iintlungu kunye namayeza okubulala iintsholongwane.

Iimpawu eziphambili

Iimpawu ze-leptospirosis zihlala zibonakala phakathi kweentsuku ezisi-7 ukuya kwezi-14 emva kokudibana neebhaktiriya, nangona kunjalo kwezinye iimeko iimpawu zesi sifo zisenokungachazwa, kuphela ziimpawu ezinzima ezibonisa ukuba isifo sele sikwinqanaba eliphambili.

Iimpawu ze-leptospirosis, xa zivela, zinokwahluka ukusuka kwiimpawu ezinobuzaza ukuya kwinzulu, ezinje nge:

• Umkhuhlane ophezulu oqala ngesiquphe;
• Intloko ebuhlungu;
• Ukuqaqanjelwa komzimba, ngakumbi ithole, umqolo kunye nesisu;
• Ukuphelelwa ngumdla wokutya;
• Ukugabha, urhudo;
• Ukugodola;
• Amehlo abomvu.

Phakathi kweentsuku ezi-3 ukuya kwezi-7 emva kokuqala kweempawu, kunokuvela i-Weil triad, ehambelana neempawu ezintathu ezibonakala kunye nezibonisa ubungqongqo besifo, njenge-jaundice, engamehlo alubhelu nolusu, izintso ukusilela kunye nokopha., ikakhulu imiphunga. Bona ngakumbi malunga neempawu ze-leptospirosis.

Ukuxilongwa kwe-leptospirosis kwenziwa ngugqirha oqhelekileyo okanye isifo esosulelayo kusetyenziswa uvavanyo lweempawu, uvavanyo lomzimba kunye novavanyo lwegazi, njengokubalwa kwegazi kunye nokuvavanywa kokuvavanya ukusebenza kwezintso, isibindi kunye nokukwazi ukubamba, ukujonga naziphi na iimpawu zobunzima. Ukongeza, iimvavanyo zeemolekyuli kunye ne-serological zinokwenziwa ukuchonga ibhaktiriya kunye neantigen kunye nezibulala-mzimba eziveliswa ngumzimba ngokuchasene nale ntsholongwane.

Unobangela weleptospirosis

I-Leptospirosis sisifo esosulelayo esibangelwa ziintsholongwane zohlobo Leptospira, ezinokuchaphazela iimpuku, ngakumbi iikati, iinkomo, iihagu kunye nezinja, ngaphandle kokubangela naziphi na iimpawu. Nangona kunjalo, xa ezi zilwanyana zichama okanye zikhupha amanzi, zinokuyikhulula ibhaktiriya engqongileyo, enokuthi ichaphazele abantu kwaye ikhokelele kuphuhliso losulelo.

Ngaba kwenzeka njani ukuhambisa

Ukuhanjiswa kwe-leptospirosis akwenzeki ukusuka komnye umntu kuye komnye, kwaye ukusosulela ngesi sifo, kufuneka unxibelelane nomchamo okanye olunye ulindle lwezilwanyana ezingcolisekileyo, ezinje ngeempuku, izinja, iikati, iihagu neenkomo.

THE Leptospira ihlala ingena ngenwebu yangaphakathi, enjengamehlo nomlomo, okanye amanxeba kunye nokukrwela kolusu, kwaye xa sele ingaphakathi emzimbeni inokufikelela kwigazi kwaye isasazeke kwamanye amalungu, kukhokelela ekubonakaleni kweengxaki ezinje ngokusilela kwezintso kunye Ukuphuma kwegazi emiphungeni, ukongeza ekubonakalisweni kade kunokubonakalisa ubungqongqo obukhulu besifo.

Ubukho beemeko ezinje ngezikhukula, izikhukula, amadama okanye ukudibana nomhlaba ofumileyo, inkunkuma kunye nezityalo zinokuququzelela ukunxibelelana nomchamo wezilwanyana ezingcolileyo kunye nokwenza lula usulelo. Olunye uhlobo lokungcoliseka kukusela iziselo ezisemathinini okanye ukusebenzisa izinto ezinamathanga ezidibene nomchamo wempuku. Funda ngezinye izifo ezithwalwa yimvula.

Kufuneka wenze ntoni ukuthintela

Ukuzikhusela kwaye uphephe i-leptospirosis, kuyacetyiswa ukuba ungathinteli namanzi anokungcoliseka, anje ngezikhukula, udaka, imilambo enamanzi amileyo kunye nedama lokuqubha elinganyangwa nge-chlorine. Xa kufuneka ujongane nezikhukula kunokuba luncedo ukusebenzisa iiglasi zerabha ukugcina ulusu lomile kwaye lukhuselwe ngokufanelekileyo kumanzi angcolileyo, ngenxa yesi sizathu:

• Hlamba uze ubulale iintsholongwane ngeblitshi okanye iklorini phantsi, ifanitshala, ibhokisi yamanzi nayo yonke into edibene nonogumbe;
• Kulahle ukutya okudibene namanzi angcolileyo;
• Hlamba zonke iinkonkxa phambi kokuzivula, nokuba kukutya okanye iziselo;
• Bilisa amanzi okusela kunye namalungiselelo okutya uze ubeke amathontsi amabini eblitshi kwilitha nganye yamanzi;
• Zama ukushenxisa onke amanqaku wokuqokelelwa kwamanzi emva kwezikhukula ngenxa yokuphindaphindwa kwedengue okanye ingcongconi yesifo seengcongconi;
• Zama ukungavumeli inkunkuma iqokelele ekhaya kwaye uyibeke kwiingxowa ezivaliweyo kwaye kude nomgangatho ukunqanda ukwanda kweempuku.

Amanye amanyathelo anceda ekuthinteleni esi sifo ahlala esebenzisa iiglavu zerabha, ngakumbi xa uphatha inkunkuma okanye xa ucoceka kwiindawo ezinokuba neempuku okanye ezinye iimpuku kwaye uhlamba ukutya kakuhle ngaphambi kokutya ngamanzi okusela kunye nezandla ngaphambili yitya.

Ukongeza, kwezinye iimeko, ukusetyenziswa kwezibulala-ntsholongwane ukuthintela usulelo kungabonakaliswa, okubizwa ngokuba yi-chemoprophylaxis. Ngokubanzi, isibulala-zintsholongwane i-Doxycycline sijolise, siboniswa kubantu abasesichengeni sezikhukula okanye ukucocwa kwemingxunya, okanye nakubantu abasazokuchaphazeleka kwiimeko ezinobungozi, ezinje ngemithambo yomkhosi okanye imidlalo yezamanzi, umzekelo.

Unyango lwenziwa njani

Kwiimeko ezininzi, unyango lunokwenziwa ekhaya kunye nokusetyenziswa kwamachiza okunciphisa iimpawu, ezifana neparacetamol, ngaphezu kwe-hydration kunye nokuphumla. Amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane afana neDoxycycline okanye iPenicillin anokucetyiswa ngugqirha ukuba alwe neebhaktiriya, nangona kunjalo isiphumo se-antibiotics sikhulu kwiintsuku ezi-5 zokuqala zesi sifo, ngoko ke kubalulekile ukuba isifo sichongwe kwakamsinya nje kwimpawu zokuqala zosulelo ukuvela. Jonga ezinye iinkcukacha malunga nonyango lweLeptospirosis.

Kwiphepha lethu ipodcastI-biomedical Marcela Lemos, icacisa amathandabuzo aphambili malunga ne-leptospirosis: