Ileukemia

Umxholo

• Izinto ezinobungozi kwi-leukemia
• Iindidi zegazi
• Ileukemia eyi-myelogenous (AML)
• Ileukemia eyi-lymphocytic leukemia (YONKE)
• I-leukemia engapheliyo (i-CML)
• I-lymphocytic leukemia engapheliyo (CLL)
• Ziintoni iimpawu zegazi?
• Ukuchonga i-leukemia
• Uvavanyo
• Ukuqokelela
• Ukuvavanya ukuqhubela phambili
• Ukunyanga i-leukemia
• Umbono wexesha elide

Yintoni ileukemia?

Ileukemia ngumhlaza weeseli zegazi. Kukho iindidi ezibanzi zeeseli zegazi, kubandakanya iiseli ezibomvu zegazi (ii-RBCs), iiseli ezimhlophe zegazi (ii-WBCs), kunye neeplatelets. Ngokubanzi, i-leukemia ibhekisa kwimihlaza ye-WBCs.

Ii-WBCs ziyinxalenye ebalulekileyo yenkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela. Ukhusela umzimba wakho ekuhlaselweni ziibhaktheriya, iintsholongwane kunye nefungi, nakwiseli ezingaqhelekanga kunye nezinye izinto zangaphandle. Kwi-leukemia, ii-WBCs azisebenzi njengee-WBCs eziqhelekileyo. Banokwahlula-hlula ngokukhawuleza kwaye ekugqibeleni baxinanise iiseli eziqhelekileyo.

Ii-WBCs ziveliswa kakhulu kumongo wethambo, kodwa iintlobo ezithile ze-WBCs zenziwa nakwindawo ezinesovu, udakada, kunye ne-thymus gland. Nje ukuba zenziwe, ii-WBCs zijikeleza kuwo wonke umzimba wakho egazini lakho nakwi-lymph (ulwelo olujikeleza ngenkqubo ye-lymphatic system), egxile kwii-lymph node kunye ne-spleen.

Izinto ezinobungozi kwi-leukemia

Izizathu ze-leukemia azaziwa. Nangona kunjalo, izinto ezininzi zichongiwe ezinokunyusa umngcipheko. Oku kubandakanya:

• Imbali yosapho ye-leukemia
• ukutshaya, okunyusa umngcipheko wokuba ne-leukemia ye-myeloid (AML)
• ukuphazamiseka kwemfuza njenge-Down syndrome
• ukuphazamiseka kwegazi, njenge-myelodysplastic syndrome, ngamanye amaxesha ebizwa ngokuba yi "preleukemia"
• unyango lwangaphambili lomhlaza kunye ne-chemotherapy okanye i-radiation
• ukubonakaliswa kumanqanaba aphezulu emitha
• ukubonakaliswa kwimichiza efana ne-benzene

Iindidi zegazi

Ukuqala kwe-leukemia kunokuba nzima (ukuqala ngesiquphe) okanye okungapheliyo (ukuqala kancinci). Kwi-leukemia ebukhali, iiseli zomhlaza zanda ngokukhawuleza. Kwi-leukemia enganyangekiyo, esi sifo sihamba kancinci kwaye iimpawu zakwangoko zinokuba mnene kakhulu.

Ileukemia ikwahlelwa ngokohlobo lweseli. Ileukemia ebandakanya iiseli ze-myeloid ibizwa ngokuba yi-myelogenous leukemia. Iiseli ze-Myeloid ziiseli zegazi ezingafakwanga zihlala ziba zii-granulocytes okanye i-monocytes. Ileukemia ebandakanya ii-lymphocyte ibizwa ngokuba yi-lymphocytic leukemia. Zine iindidi eziphambili zegazi:

Ileukemia eyi-myelogenous (AML)

I-leukemia ye-myelogenous acute (AML) inokwenzeka ebantwaneni nakubantu abadala. Ngokwe-Surveillance, Epidemiology, kunye neNkqubo yokuPhela kweZiphumo zeNational Cancer Institute (NCI), malunga ne-21,000 yamatyala amatsha e-AML afunyanwa minyaka le e-United States. Olu lolona hlobo luqhelekileyo lwegazi. Ireyithi yokusinda yeminyaka emihlanu ye-AML ngama-26.9 epesenti.

Ileukemia eyi-lymphocytic leukemia (YONKE)

Ileukemia ye-lymphocytic Acute (YONKE) yenzeka ikakhulu kubantwana. I-NCI iqikelela malunga nama-6,000 amatyala amatsha BONKE afunyaniswa minyaka le. Ireyithi yokusinda yeminyaka emihlanu YONKE ngama-68.2 eepesenti.

I-leukemia engapheliyo (i-CML)

I-leukemia engapheliyo (i-CML) echaphazela abantu abadala. Malunga ne-9,000 yamatyala amatsha e-CML afunyaniswa minyaka le, ngokwe-NCI. Ireyithi yokusinda yeminyaka emihlanu ye-CML ngama-66.9 epesenti.

I-lymphocytic leukemia engapheliyo (CLL)

I-lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) engapheliyo inokuchaphazela abantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-55. Kunqabile kakhulu ukubonwa ebantwaneni. Ngokwe-NCI, malunga ne-20,000 yamatyala amatsha e-CLL afunyaniswa minyaka le. Ireyithi yokusinda yeminyaka emihlanu ye-CLL ngama-83.2 epesenti.

I-leukemia yeseli yeenwele yinto enqabileyo ye-CLL. Igama lalo livela ekubonakaleni kwee-lymphocyte ezinomhlaza phantsi kwemicroscope.

Ziintoni iimpawu zegazi?

Iimpawu ze-leukemia zibandakanya:

• ukubila okugqithisileyo, ngakumbi ebusuku (okubizwa ngokuba “kukubila ebusuku”)
• ukudinwa kunye nobuthathaka ezingahambi kunye nokuphumla
• ukunciphisa umzimba ngempazamo
• iintlungu zethambo kunye nokuthantamisa
• Iintlungu, ukudumba kwe-lymph node (ngakumbi entanyeni nasemakhwapheni)
• ukwandiswa kwesibindi okanye udakada
• amabala abomvu eluswini, abizwa ngokuba yi-petechiae
• ukopha ngokulula kunye nokugruzuka ngokulula
• umkhuhlane okanye ukubanda
• usulelo rhoqo

Ileukemia inokubangela iimpawu kumalungu angeniswe okanye achatshazelwe ziiseli zomhlaza. Umzekelo, ukuba umhlaza usasazeka kwinkqubo ye-nervous system, unokubangela intloko, isicaphucaphu kunye nokugabha, ukudideka, ukuphulukana nolawulo lwemisipha kunye nokuxhuzula.

Ileukemia inokusasazeka kwamanye amalungu omzimba wakho, kubandakanya:

• imiphunga
• iphecana lesisu
• Intliziyo
• izintso
• iimvavanyo

Ukuchonga i-leukemia

Ileukemia isenokurhanelwa ukuba unemingcipheko ethile okanye malunga neempawu. Ugqirha wakho uya kuqala ngembali epheleleyo kunye novavanyo lomzimba, kodwa i-leukemia ayinakufunyanwa ngokupheleleyo ngovavanyo lomzimba. Endaweni yoko, oogqirha baya kusebenzisa iimvavanyo zegazi, ii-biopsies, kunye neemvavanyo zokucinga ukuze bafumane isifo.

Uvavanyo

Kukho inani leemvavanyo ezahlukeneyo ezingasetyenziselwa ukufumanisa i-leukemia. Inani elipheleleyo legazi limisela amanani ee-RBCs, ii-WBCs, kunye neeplatelets egazini. Ukujonga igazi lakho phantsi kwemicroscope nako kunokumisela ukuba iiseli zinembonakalo engaqhelekanga.

I-Tissue biopsiescan ithathwa kumongo wethambo okanye kwii-lymph node ukukhangela ubungqina be-leukemia. Ezi sampulu zincinci zinokuchonga uhlobo lweleukemia kunye nenqanaba lokukhula kwayo. Ii-Biopsies zamanye amalungu afana nesibindi kunye ne-spleen zingabonisa ukuba umhlaza usasazekile.

Ukuqokelela

Nje ukuba i-leukemia ifunyaniswe, iya kubekwa kwinqanaba. Ukubeka indawo kunceda ugqirha wakho abone indlela ojonga ngayo.

I-AML kunye neZONKE zibekwe ngokusekwe kwindlela iiseli zomhlaza ezibonakala ngayo phantsi kwemicroscope kunye nohlobo lweseli olubandakanyekayo. ZONKE kunye ne-CLL zihlelwe ngokusekwe kubalo lwe-WBC ngexesha lokuchongwa. Ubukho beeseli ezimhlophe zegazi ezimhlophe, okanye i-myeloblasts, egazini kunye nomongo wethambo kukwasetyenziselwa ukubeka inqanaba le-AML kunye ne-CML.

Ukuvavanya ukuqhubela phambili

Ezinye iimvavanyo zinokusetyenziselwa ukuvavanya ukuqhubela phambili kwesi sifo:

• Ukuhamba kwecytometry kuvavanya i-DNA yeeseli zomhlaza kwaye kumisela inqanaba lokukhula kwabo.
• Uvavanyo lomsebenzi wesibindi lubonisa ukuba iiseli ze-leukemia ziyachaphazela okanye zihlasela isibindi.
• Ukugqobhoza i-Lumbar kwenziwa ngokufaka inaliti ebhityileyo phakathi kwe-vertebrae yomqolo wakho osezantsi. Oku kuvumela ugqirha wakho ukuba aqokelele ulwelo lomqolo kwaye anqume ukuba umhlaza usasazekile na kwinkqubo yeemvakalelo.
• Ukujonga iimvavanyo, ezinje nge-X-ray, ii-ultrasound, kunye ne-CT scan, kunceda oogqirha bajonge nawuphi na umonakalo kwamanye amalungu abangelwa yi-leukemia.

Ukunyanga i-leukemia

Ileukemia ihlala inyangwa yi-hematologist-oncologist. Aba ngoogqirha abagxile kukuphazamiseka kwegazi kunye nomhlaza. Unyango luxhomekeke kuhlobo kunye nenqanaba lomhlaza. Ezinye iintlobo ze-leukemia zikhula kancinci kwaye azidingi nyango kwangoko. Nangona kunjalo, unyango lwe-leukemia luhlala lubandakanya enye okanye ezingaphezulu kwezi zilandelayo:

• I-Chemotherapy isebenzisa iziyobisi ukubulala iiseli zegazi. Ngokuxhomekeka kuhlobo lwegazi, unokuthatha ichiza elinye okanye indibaniselwano yamachiza ahlukeneyo.
• Unyango ngemitha lusebenzisa amandla emitha aphezulu ukonakalisa iiseli zegazi kunye nokuthintela ukukhula kwazo. Imitha inokusetyenziswa kwindawo ethile okanye kumzimba wakho uphela.
• Ukufakelwa kweseli kwistem endaweni yomongo wethambo onesifo kunye nomongo wethambo osempilweni, nokuba ngowakho (obizwa ngokuba kukuzimela ngokwasemzimbeni) okanye kumnikeli (obizwa ngokuba kukufakelwa komzimba). Le nkqubo ikwabizwa ngokuba kukufakwa komongo wethambo.
• Unyango lwebhayoloji okanye lomzimba lusebenzisa unyango olunceda amajoni akho omzimba aqonde kwaye ahlasele iiseli zomhlaza.
• Unyango ekujoliswe kulo lusebenzisa amayeza athatha ithuba lokuba sesichengeni kwiiseli zomhlaza. Umzekelo, imatinib (Gleevec) sisiyobisi ekujoliswe kuso esisetyenziswa ngokuchasene ne-CML.

Umbono wexesha elide

Imbonakalo yexesha elide yabantu abane-leukemia ixhomekeke kuhlobo lomhlaza abanalo kunye nenqanaba labo lokufumanisa isifo. Ngokukhawuleza i-leukemia ifunyenwe kwaye ngokukhawuleza iphathwa, ngcono ithuba lokubuyisela. Ezinye izinto, njengokuguga, imbali edlulileyo yokuphazamiseka kwegazi, kunye nokutshintsha kwe-chromosome, kunokuchaphazela kakubi umbono.

Ngokwe-NCI, inani lokufa kwe-leukemia liye lehla nge-1 yeepesenti rhoqo ngonyaka ukusukela ngo-2005 ukuya ku-2014. .

Nangona kunjalo, kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba eli nani libandakanya abantu bayo yonke iminyaka kunye nazo zonke iintlobo zegazi. Ayisixeli kwangaphambili kwesiphumo kuye nawuphi na umntu omnye. Sebenza neqela lakho lonyango ukunyanga i-leukemia. Khumbula ukuba imeko yomntu ngamnye yahlukile.