Iinyani malunga ne-HIV: Ukulindelwa kobomi kunye ne-Outlook yexesha elide

Umxholo

• Bangaphi abantu abachaphazeleka yi-HIV?
• Luphuculwe njani unyango?
• I-HIV imchaphazela njani umntu ekuhambeni kwexesha?
• Ngaba kukho iingxaki zexesha elide?
• Ukukhuthaza umbono wexesha elide
• Umgca wezantsi

Ushwankathelo

Imbonakalo yabantu abaphila ne-HIV iye yaphucuka kakhulu kule minyaka ingamashumi amabini idlulileyo. Abantu abaninzi abane-HIV ngoku banokuphila ixesha elide, nokuba sempilweni xa bethatha rhoqo unyango lwe-antiretroviral.

Kaiser Permanente abaphandi bafumanise ukuba ixesha lokuphila kwabantu abaphila ne-HIV kwaye bafumana unyango lonyuke kakhulu ukusukela ngo-1996 ukuya phambili. Ukusukela ngaloo nyaka, amayeza amatsha ee-antiretroviral aphuhlisiwe kwaye ongezwa kunyango esele lukhona lwe-antiretroviral. Oku kukhokelele kwirejimeni yonyango esebenzayo ye-HIV.

Ngo-1996, iminyaka yobomi yabantu abaneminyaka engama-20 ubudala abane-HIV yayineminyaka engama-39. Ngo-2011, ixesha lokuphila lilonke lifikelela kwiminyaka engama-70.

Izinga lokusinda kwabantu abane-HIV nalo liphucuke ngokumangalisayo ukusukela kwiintsuku zokuqala zobhubhane we-HIV. Umzekelo, abaphandi abavavanya ukubhubha kwabathathi-nxaxheba kuphononongo lwabantu baseSwitzerland abanentsholongwane kaGawulayo bafumanisa ukuba iipesenti ezingama-78 zokufa phakathi kowe-1988 nowe-1995 zazibangelwa zizizathu ezinxulumene noGawulayo. Phakathi kowama-2005 nowama-2009, elo nani lehla laya kwiipesenti ezili-15.

Bangaphi abantu abachaphazeleka yi-HIV?

Kuqikelelwa ukuba abantu baseMelika baphila ne-HIV, kodwa bambalwa abasulelwa yintsholongwane minyaka le. Oku kunokuba ngenxa yovavanyo olwandisiweyo kunye nenkqubela phambili kunyango. Unyango rhoqo lwe-antiretroviral lunokunciphisa i-HIV egazini liye kumanqanaba angabonakaliyo. Ngokuka, umntu onamanqanaba angabonakaliyo we-HIV egazini lakhe akakwazi ukuhambisa intsholongwane kwiqabane lakhe ngexesha lokwabelana ngesondo.

Phakathi konyaka wama-2010 nowama-2014, inani lonyaka losulelo olutsha lwe-HIV e-United States lehle.

Luphuculwe njani unyango?

Amayeza ee-antiretroviral anokunceda ekucothiseni umonakalo obangelwe lusulelo lwe-HIV kunye nokuthintela ukuba ungakhuli ube kwinqanaba le-3 le-HIV, okanye i-AIDS.

Umboneleli ngononophelo lwempilo uyakucebisa ukuba ufumane unyango lwe-antiretroviral. Olu nyango lufuna ukuthatha amayeza amathathu ee-antiretroviral yonke imihla. Umdibaniso unceda ukucinezela ubungakanani be-HIV emzimbeni (umthamo wentsholongwane). Iipilisi ezidibanisa amayeza amaninzi ziyafumaneka.

Iindidi ezahlukeneyo zamachiza ee-antiretroviral zibandakanya:

• i-non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors
• i-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors
• Iprotease inhibitors
• izithinteli zokungena
• ukudibanisa inhibitors

Ukucinezelwa komthwalo wentsholongwane kuvumela abantu abane-HIV ukuba baphile ubomi obusempilweni kwaye kunciphise amathuba abo okuba nenqanaba 3 le-HIV. Olunye uncedo lokungabonakali komthamo wentsholongwane egazini kukuba iyanceda ukunciphisa ukuhanjiswa kwe-HIV.

Uphononongo lwe-2014 European Partner lufumanise ukuba umngcipheko wokosulela nge-HIV mncinci kakhulu xa umntu enomthwalo ongabonakaliyo. Oku kuthetha ukuba ubungakanani bentsholongwane bungaphantsi kweekopi ezingama-50 ngeemililitha (mL).

Oku kufunyenweyo kukhokelele kwicebo lokuthintela i-HIV elaziwa ngokuba “lunyango njengothintelo.” Ikhuthaza unyango oluqhubekayo nolungaguquguqukiyo njengendlela yokunciphisa ukusasazeka kwentsholongwane.

Unyango lwe-HIV luye lwavela kakhulu ukusukela oko kwaqala ubhubhane, kwaye ukuqhubela phambili kuyaqhubeka ukwenziwa. Iingxelo zokuqala ezivela kuvavanyo lweklinikhi e-United Kingdom kunye nophando olupapashiweyo oluvela e-United States lubonise iziphumo ezithembisayo kunyango lwe-HIV lokulinga olunokuthi lubeke intsholongwane kuxolelo kunye nokwandisa ukhuseleko.

Uphononongo lwase-U.S lwaqhutywa kwiinkawu ezosulelwe luhlobo lwe-HIV olulinganayo, ngoko akucaci ukuba abantu bazakubona izibonelelo ezifanayo. Ngokumalunga novavanyo lwase-UK, abathathi-nxaxheba khange babonakalise zimpawu ze-HIV egazini labo. Nangona kunjalo, abaphandi balumkisa ukuba kunokwenzeka ukuba intsholongwane ibuye, kwaye isifundo asikagqitywa.

Inaliti yenyanga kulindeleke ukuba ifike kwiimarike ekuqaleni kuka-2020 emva kokubonisa iziphumo ezithembisayo kuvavanyo lweklinikhi. Le inaliti idibanisa iziyobisi i-cabotegravir kunye ne-rilpivirine (Edurant). Xa kufikwa ekucinezeleni i-HIV, inaliti iye yangqinwa ukuba iyasebenza njengerejimeni esemgangathweni yamayeza omlomo emihla ngemihla.

I-HIV imchaphazela njani umntu ekuhambeni kwexesha?

Nangona umbono uye wangcono kakhulu kwabo bane-HIV, kusekho iziphumo zexesha elide abanokuzifumana.

Njengokuba ixesha lihamba, abantu abaphila ne-HIV bangaqala ukuba neziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zonyango okanye i-HIV uqobo.

Oku kunokubandakanya:

• ukuguga okukhawulezayo
• ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo
• iingxaki ezinxulumene nokuvuvukala
• iziphumo kumanqanaba lipid
• umhlaza

Umzimba unokuphinde utshintshe indlela ezenza ngayo iishukela kunye namafutha. Oku kunokukhokelela ekubeni ube namafutha amaninzi kwiindawo ezithile zomzimba, ezinokutshintsha ubume bomzimba. Nangona kunjalo, ezi mpawu zomzimba zixhaphake kakhulu kumayeza amadala e-HIV. Unyango olutsha luncinci kakhulu, ukuba lukhona, kwezi mpawu zichaphazela ukubonakala komzimba.

Ukuba ngaba uphathwe kakubi okanye ushiywe unganyangwa, usulelo lwe-HIV lunokukhula lube kwinqanaba le-3 le-HIV, okanye i-AIDS.

Umntu uba kwinqanaba le-3 le-HIV xa amajoni omzimba ebuthathaka kakhulu ukukhusela umzimba wakhe kusulelo. Umboneleli wezempilo uya kuthi afumanise inqanaba lesi-3 le-HIV ukuba inani leeseli ezimhlophe zegazi (iiseli ze-CD4) kwinkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela yomntu one-HIV yehla ngaphantsi kweeseli ezingama-200 nge-mL yegazi.

Ubomi obulindelweyo bohlukile kuye wonke umntu ophila nenqanaba 3 le-HIV. Abanye abantu banokufa kungaphelanga iinyanga emva kokufumaniswa kwesi sifo, kodwa uninzi lunokuphila ubomi obusempilweni ngokunyanga ii-antiretroviral.

Ngaba kukho iingxaki zexesha elide?

Ixesha elingaphezulu, i-HIV inokubulala iiseli kumajoni omzimba. Oku kunokwenza kube nzima kumzimba ukulwa nosulelo olubi. Ezi zifo zingenelela zingasongela ubomi kuba zinokonakalisa amajoni omzimba xa sele ebuthathaka.

Ukuba umntu ophila nentsholongwane kaGawulayo uba nosulelo olungenelelayo, uyakufunyaniswa enesigaba 3 se-HIV, okanye i-AIDS.

Olunye usulelo olungenelelayo lubandakanya:

• isifo sephepha
• inyumoniya ephindaphindayo
• isalmonella
• ingqondo kunye nesifo somqolo
• iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zosulelo lwemiphunga
• usulelo olungapheliyo lwamathumbu
• intsholongwane ye-herpes simplex
• usulelo lomngundo
• usulelo lwecytomegalovirus

Ukosulelwa ngamathuba, ngakumbi, kuhlala kungoyena nobangela wokufa kwabantu abaphila nenqanaba 3 le-HIV. Eyona ndlela yokuthintela usulelo olungenelelayo kukunamathela kunyango kunye nokuhlolwa rhoqo. Kukwabalulekile ukusebenzisa iikhondom ngexesha lokwabelana ngesondo, ukugonywa, kunye nokutya ukutya okulungiselelwe ngokufanelekileyo.

Ukukhuthaza umbono wexesha elide

INTSHOLONGWANE KAGAWULAYO ​​inokukhawuleza yenze umonakalo kumajoni omzimba kwaye ikhokelele kwinqanaba lesithathu le-HIV, ke ukufumana unyango kwangexesha kunokunceda ekuphuculeni ixesha lokuphila. Abantu abaphila ne-HIV kufuneka batyelele umboneleli wabo wezempilo rhoqo kwaye baphathe nezinye iimeko zempilo njengoko zivela.

Ukuqala kunye nokuhlala kunyango lwe-antiretroviral kanye emva kokuba kufunyaniswe isifo kubalulekile ukuhlala usempilweni kunye nokuthintela iingxaki kunye nokudlulela kwinqanaba lesithathu le-HIV.

Umgca wezantsi

Uvavanyo olutsha, unyango, kunye nokuqhubela phambili kwezobuchwephesha kwi-HIV kuyiphucule kakhulu eyona nto ibikade iyimbonakalo embi. Kwiminyaka engama-30 eyadlulayo, ukufunyanwa unentsholongwane kaGawulayo kwathathwa njengesigwebo sentambo. Namhlanje, abantu abane-HIV bangaphila ubomi obude nobunempilo.

Kungenxa yoko le nto ukuhlolwa rhoqo kwe-HIV kubalulekile. Ukufunyanwa kwangethuba kunye nokunyangwa kwangexesha kubalulekile ekulawuleni intsholongwane, ukwandisa ixesha lokuphila, kunye nokunciphisa umngcipheko wosulelo. Abo bahlala benganyangwa kunokwenzeka ukuba bafumane iingxaki ezivela kwi-HIV ezinokubangela ukugula nokufa.