Lymphoma: yintoni, iimpawu eziphambili kunye nonyango

Umxholo

• Iimpawu eziphambili
• Nguwuphi umahluko phakathi kwe-lymphoma kunye neleukemia
• Zintoni izizathu
• Indlela yokuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa
• Unyango lwenziwa njani
• 1. Unyango ngamayeza
• 2. Unyango ngemitha
• 3. Unyango lwe-Immunotherapy
• 4. Ukufakelwa komongo wethambo
• 5. Unyango lwesini
• 6. Utyando
• Ngaba i-lymphoma ingaphiliswa?

I-Lymphoma luhlobo lomhlaza ochaphazela ii-lymphocyte, eziziiseli ezinoxanduva lokukhusela umzimba kwizifo nakwizifo. Olu hlobo lomhlaza lukhula ikakhulu kwii-lymph node, ezikwabizwa ngokuba ziilwimi, ezifumaneka ekhwapheni, emgodini nasentanyeni, zikhokelela ekwakhekeni kwamaqhuma anokubangela iimpawu ezinjengomkhuhlane, ukubila ebusuku, ukudinwa kakhulu kunye nokuhla komzimba. ngaphandle kwesizathu.

Ngokubanzi, i-lymphoma ixhaphake kakhulu kubantu abadala kunasebantwaneni, kwaye abanye abantu banokuba semngciphekweni omkhulu wokukhula kwesi sifo, njengaleyo inembali yosapho ye-lymphoma, enesifo esibangela ukungazinzi emzimbeni okanye abosulelekileyo ziintsholongwane ezithile ezinjenge-HIV, i-Epstein-Barr okanye i-HTLV-1.

Zimbini iintlobo ze-lymphoma, ezinokwahlulwa ziimpawu zeeseli ezinobungozi ezifumaneka kuvavanyo lokuqonda isifo, ezinje:

• I-lymphoma kaHodgkin, Ezinqabile ngakumbi, ichaphazela abantu abadala kwaye ijolise kwiiseli ezithile zokhuselo lomzimba, uhlobo lwee-lymphocyte B;
• I-non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, exhaphake kakhulu kwaye ihlala ikhula kwii-lymphocyte ze-B kunye ne-T. Jonga ngakumbi malunga ne-non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.

Ukuxilongwa kwezi ntlobo zombini ze-lymphoma kwenziwa ngovavanyo lwegazi, uvavanyo lwe-imaging kunye nomongo wethambo kunye nonyango lusekwe ikakhulu kwi-chemotherapy, radiotherapy kunye nokufakwa komongo wethambo. Ukuba ifunyenwe kwangoko kwaye ukuba unyango luqaliswe ngokukhawuleza, amathuba okuphilisa i-lymphoma aphezulu.

Iimpawu eziphambili

Iimpawu eziphambili ze-lymphoma kukuhlala kukho umkhuhlane, ukubila ebusuku kunye nobukho be-lymph node ezandisiweyo, ezibonwa bubukho bezigaqa entanyeni, ekhwapheni okanye emiphungeni. Ezinye iimpawu ezinokuthi zibonise i-lymphoma zi:

• Ukudinwa kakhulu;
• Ukurhawuzelela;
• Malaise;
• Ukuphelelwa ngumdla wokutya;
• Ukucoca ngaphandle kwesizathu esibonakalayo;
• Ukuphefumla kancinci kunye nokukhohlela.

Ukongeza kwezi mpawu, udakada, elilungu elijongene nokuveliswa kweeseli zokhuselo, ezibekwe kwicala elingasekhohlo kwicala lesisu, zinokuchaphazeleka yi-lymphoma kwaye zidumbe zibangele iintlungu, kwaye ukongeza, xa I-lymph node yandiswa kakhulu, inokucinezela kwimithambo-luvo emlenzeni kwaye ibangele ukuba ndindisholo okanye ukurhawuzelela. Yazi ezinye iimpawu zomhlaza we-lymphatic.

Phambi kwezi mpawu, kucetyiswa ukuba uye kugqirha kuvavanyo kwaye, ukuba isifo siqinisekisiwe, unyango olufanelekileyo lunokuqalwa ngokukhokelwa ngugqirha oqhelekileyo, ugqirha wegazi okanye oncologist.

Nguwuphi umahluko phakathi kwe-lymphoma kunye neleukemia

Kwi-leukemia, iiseli ezinobungozi ziqala ukwanda kumongo wethambo, ngelixa kwi-lymphoma, umhlaza uqala kwii-lymph node, okanye ulwimi. Ukongeza, nangona ezinye iimpawu ziyafana, ezinjengomkhuhlane kunye nokubila ebusuku, kwi-leukemia kuqhelekile ukopha kwaye kubonakale amabala amfusa emzimbeni, kwaye kwi-lymphoma, kubakho ulusu olurhawuzayo.

Zintoni izizathu

Izizathu ze-lymphoma azikachazwa kakuhle, kodwa abantu abangaphezu kwama-60 banamathuba okuphuhlisa i-non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Ezinye izinto ezinokuthi zidibane nokuvela kwe-lymphoma kukusuleleka yintsholongwane kaGawulayo, intsholongwane ye-Epstein-Barr, ebangela i-mononucleosis, i-HTLV-1, ejongene neentlobo ezithile ze-hepatitis, kunye nosulelo lwebhaktheriya. Helicobacter pylori, enokufunyanwa esiswini.

Ukongeza, ukuba nesifo esibangela amajoni omzimba aphantsi, ukuba nesifo esizimela komzimba, njenge-lupus okanye isifo se-celiac, kunye nokusebenza kwiindawo ezinobungozi kakhulu kwimichiza, njengezibulala-zinambuzane, kunokuba nefuthe ekuqaleni kwe-lymphoma. . Jonga ukuba yintoni enokubangela umhlaza we-lymphatic.

Indlela yokuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa

Ukuxilongwa kwe-lymphoma kwenziwa ngokuvavanywa kweempawu ngugqirha oqhelekileyo, ugqirha wegazi okanye ugqirha we-oncologist kunye neziphumo zovavanyo oluthile, ezinje:

• Uvavanyo lwegazi: zisetyenziselwa ukuvavanya iiseli zegazi kunye nee-enzymes, kuba utshintsho kwi-leukogram, njengokunyuka kwe-lymphocyte, kunye nokunyuka kwe-lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) kunokubonisa ubukho be-lymphoma;
• X-reyi: ibonelela ngemifanekiso yamalungu omzimba anokuchaphazeleka yi-lymphoma;
• Itomography ebhaliweyo: ivumela ukubonwa kwemifanekiso yamalungu omzimba ngakumbi kune-X-ray, ekwaziyo ukubona i-lymphoma;
• Ukucatshulwa kwemifanekiso ngemagneti: kunye nekhompyuter ye-tomography, isebenza ukukhangela iindawo zomzimba ezichaphazelekayo yi-lymphoma ngemifanekiso;
• Ukuskena kwezilwanyana zasekhaya: luhlobo lwekhompyuter ye-tomography, enceda ekufumaneni i-metastasis, kulapho i-lymphoma isasazeka kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zomzimba;

Kukwaboniswa ngugqirha ukwenza umongo wethambo oquka ukususa icandelo elincinci lethambo kwi-pelvis ukuhlalutya iiseli zomongo kwaye ufumanise ukuba zichaphazele i-lymphoma.

Unyango lwenziwa njani

Ukusuka kwiziphumo zeemviwo, ihematologist okanye i-oncologist iya kubonisa unyango ngokuxhomekeke kuhlobo, ubungakanani, isidanga kunye nommandla apho i-lymphoma ifunyenwe khona, kunye nobudala bomntu kunye nemeko ngokubanzi. Ngale ndlela, i-lymphoma inokunyangwa ngezi ndlela zilandelayo:

1. Unyango ngamayeza

I-Chemotherapy lunyango oluquka ukulawulwa kwamachiza nge-vein, nge-catheter, ukuphelisa iiseli zomhlaza ezibangela i-lymphoma. Amachiza e-chemotherapy aqhelekileyo asetyenziswayo ukunyanga i-lymphoma yi-doxorubicin, i-bleomycin, i-dacarbazine kunye ne-vinblastine kwaye zihlala zisetyenziswa kwangolo suku lunye, njengenxalenye yenkqubo yonyango, ukhetho lwenkqubo ngugqirha kuxhomekeka ikakhulu kuhlobo lwe-lymphoma efunyanisiweyo.

Iiprothokholi zeChemotherapy zenziwa rhoqo emva kweeveki ezi-3 okanye ezi-4, njengoko la machiza eneziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezinamandla, ezinje ngokulahleka kweenwele, isicaphucaphu kunye nokugabha, ukungabi namdla wokutya kunye nokuncipha komzimba, kuthatha ixesha elide ukuba umzimba uchache. Ngokohlobo lwe-lymphoma, ugqirha uya kugqiba ukuba mangaphi amaxesha kuya kubakho ukuphindaphinda amayeza, oko kukuthi, zingaphi imijikelo ye-chemotherapy eya kwenziwa.

2. Unyango ngemitha

I-Radiotherapy lunyango olusetyenziselwa ukutshabalalisa iiseli zomhlaza ngokusebenzisa imitha ekhutshwa ngumatshini ngqo kwi-lymph node echaphazeleke yi-lymphoma, apho ukumakishwa kwenziwa kulusu ukuze le radiation yenziwa kwindawo enye ngalo lonke ixesha.

Ngaphambi kokuqala unyango lwe-radiotherapy, ugqirha we-radiotherapist, ngoncedo lweemviwo zokucinga, wenza isicwangciso sendawo yomzimba apho ikhoyo i-lymphoma kwaye iya kubonisa idosi yemitha, ubungakanani kunye nexesha leeseshoni.

Uninzi lwexesha, i-radiotherapy isetyenziswa ngokudibeneyo nezinye iindlela zonyango ukonyusa amathuba okuphelisa iiseli ezibangela i-lymphoma, kwaye ibangela iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezinjengokuphelelwa ngumdla, ukuziva ugula, ukuziva ubushushu kwindawo efakiweyo. Jonga ukuba ungatya ntoni ukunciphisa iziphumo zonyango lwe-radiation.

3. Unyango lwe-Immunotherapy

Ezinye iintlobo ze-lymphoma zinokunyangwa ngamachiza e-immunotherapeutic, eziziziyobisi ezinceda amajoni omzimba alwe neeseli ze-lymphoma, kwaye iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zingaphantsi kunezo ze-chemotherapy.

La machiza ayasetyenziswa kunye nezinye iindlela zonyango, ukwandisa amathuba okuphilisa i-lymphoma. Amanye amayeza e-immunotherapy asetyenziselwa ukunyanga i-lymphoma yi-rituximab, i-bortezomib kunye ne-lenalidomide.

4. Ukufakelwa komongo wethambo

Ukufakelwa komongo wethambo lunyango olubandakanya ukutshabalalisa iiseli ze-lymphoma ezigulayo kunye nokuzifaka endaweni yeeseli ezinempilo. Phambi kokufumana iiseli ezinesiqu esisempilweni, idosiotherapy yethamo ephezulu iyafuneka ukubulala zonke iiseli zomhlaza emzimbeni. Funda ngakumbi malunga nokuba zeziphi iiseli zeziqu kunye nendlela abanokukunceda ngayo.

Zimbini iintlobo zokufakelwa komongo wethambo ezizenzekelayo, xa iiseli zeziqu zifunyanwa zivela emntwini ngokwakhe, nakwiallogeneic, kulapho iiseli zeziqu zifunyanwa komnye umntu. Ukuze ufumane umongo wethambo komnye umntu, kufuneka uhambelane, ke phambi kofakelo, kwenziwa uvavanyo lwegazi, kokubini kumntu one-lymphoma nakumntu oza kunikela ngomongo wethambo.

5. Unyango lwesini

Okwangoku, unyango olutsha lwe-lymphoma ebizwa ngokuba yi-CAR-T-cell iqaliswa, kulapho iiseli zokhuselo zomzimba zisuswe zaze zahlelwa kwakhona ngohlobo oluthile lwesuntswana emva koko ezi seli zifakwa emzimbeni zincedisa ukwandisa Ukuzikhusela kunye nokulwa neeseli zomhlaza. Olu nyango lusafundwa kwaye alufumaneki kuzo zonke izibhedlele. Fumana ngakumbi malunga nokuba wenziwa njani unyango kusetyenziswa ubuchwephesha beCAR-T-cell.

6. Utyando

Ngamanye amaxesha, xa ii-lymph node zonyusa ubukhulu, ngenxa ye-lymphoma, zinokufikelela kwamanye amalungu anje ngepeni kwaye ke ugqirha unokucebisa ukuba kwenziwe utyando ukususa eli lungu. Ngaphambi kokwenza unyango, ngamanye amaxesha kuyimfuneko ukwenza utyando oluncinci ukuze kususwe i-lymph node, ukuze kwenziwe i-biopsy yokuhlalutya iiseli zomhlaza.

Ngaba i-lymphoma ingaphiliswa?

Iziphumo zonyango ziyahluka ngohlobo kunye nenqanaba le-lymphoma, kodwa kwiimeko ezininzi kuyanyangeka xa unyangwa ngokwezindululo zonyango. Ukongeza, xa isifo sifunyenwe kwaye sanyangwa kwangethuba, amathuba okunyanga angaphezulu.

Unyango olutsha, uphando olutsha kunye nokhathalelo olungcono lwenkxaso kumntu ophantsi konyango ziyaphuhliswa kwaye ke iziphumo ezingcono kwaye, ngenxa yoko, kulindeleke umgangatho wobomi.