Iziyobisi zeCoronavirus (COVID-19): zivunyiwe kwaye ziphantsi kwesifundo

Umxholo

• Unyango oluvunyiweyo lwe-coronavirus
• Unyango olufundwayo
• 1. Ivermectin
• 2. IPlitidepsin
• 3. Uhlaziyo ngokutsha
• 4. Dexamethasone
• 5. IHydroxychloroquine kunye ne-chloroquine
• 6. Iicolchicine
• 7. Mefloquine
• 8. Iitocilizumab
• 9. Iplasma efudumeleyo
• 10. I-Avifavir
• 11. IBaricitinib
• 12. I-EXO-CD24
• Ukhetho lwendalo lwonyango lwe-coronavirus

Okwangoku, akukho ziyobisi zaziwayo ziyakwaziyo ukuphelisa i-coronavirus entsha emzimbeni kwaye, ngenxa yesi sizathu, kwiimeko ezininzi, unyango lwenziwa ngamanyathelo ambalwa kunye namayeza anakho ukunciphisa iimpawu ze-COVID-19.

Iimeko ezinzima, ezineempawu ezifana nomkhuhlane oqhelekileyo, zinokunyangwa ekhaya ngokuphumla, ukucoca amanzi kunye nokusetyenziswa kwamayeza omkhuhlane kunye nokuphelisa iintlungu. Ezona meko zimandundu, ekuvela kuzo iimpawu ezixhalabisayo kunye neengxaki ezinje nge-pneumonia, kufuneka zinyangwe xa usamkelwa esibhedlele, rhoqo kwiiYunithi zokuNakekela abagula kakhulu (ICU), ukuqinisekisa, ngakumbi, ulawulo olufanelekileyo lweoksijini kunye nokubeka iliso iimpawu ezibalulekileyo.

Bona ezinye iinkcukacha malunga nonyango lwe-COVID-19.

Ukongeza kumachiza, ezinye izitofu ezichasene ne-COVID-19 nazo ziyafundwa, ziveliswe kwaye zisasazwe. Ezi zitofu zithembisa ukuthintela usulelo lwe-COVID-19, kodwa zikwabonakala ngathi zinciphisa ukuqina kweempawu xa usulelo lusenzeka. Ukuqonda ngcono ukuba zeziphi izitofu zokulwa ne-COVID-19 ezikhoyo, ukuba zisebenza njani kunye neziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezinokubakho.

Unyango oluvunyiweyo lwe-coronavirus

Amachiza avunyiweyo kunyango lwe-coronavirus, ngu-Anvisa kunye ne-Ofisi yoMphathiswa Wezempilo, ngabo banako ukunciphisa iimpawu zosulelo, ezinje:

• Unyango: ukunciphisa ubushushu kunye nokulwa nomkhuhlane;
• Ukuphelisa iintlungu: ukunciphisa iintlungu zemisipha emzimbeni wonke;
• Amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane: Ukunyanga usulelo olunokubakho lwebhaktiriya olunokuvela nge-COVID-19.

La machiza kufuneka asetyenziswe kuphela phantsi kwesikhokelo sikagqirha kwaye, nangona evunyiwe kunyango lwe-coronavirus entsha, awanakho ukuyiphelisa intsholongwane emzimbeni, kodwa asetyenziselwa kuphela ukunciphisa iimpawu kunye nokuphucula intuthuzelo umntu osulelekileyo.

Unyango olufundwayo

Ukongeza kumachiza anceda ukunciphisa iimpawu, amazwe aliqela aphuhlisa izifundo kwizilwanyana zaselebhu kunye nezigulana ezosulelekileyo ukuzama ukufumanisa ichiza elinokuphelisa intsholongwane emzimbeni.

Amachiza afundwayo akufuneki asetyenziswe ngaphandle kokukhokelwa ngugqirha, okanye njengendlela yokuthintela usulelo, kuba zinokubangela iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezahlukeneyo kwaye zisongela ubomi.

Oku kulandelayo luluhlu lwamachiza aphambili afundelwa i-coronavirus entsha:

1. Ivermectin

Ivermectin yivermifuge eboniswe kunyango lwe-infasites, ebangela iingxaki ezinje nge-onchocerciasis, elephantiasis, pediculosis (lice), ascariasis (roundworms), ukhwekhwe okanye i-solidyloidiasis yamathumbu kwaye, kutshanje, ibonakalise iziphumo ezincomekayo ekupheliseni intsholongwane ye-Corona entsha, i-In vitro.

Isifundo esenziwe e-Australia, kuvavanywa ivermectin elebhu, kwiinkcubeko zeseli i-In vitro, Kwaye kwafumaniseka ukuba le nto ikwazile ukuyiphelisa intsholongwane ye-SARS-CoV-2 kwisithuba seeyure ezingama-48 ^[7]. Nangona kunjalo, iimvavanyo zeklinikhi ebantwini ziyafuneka ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza kwazo kwi vivo, kunye nedosi yokunyanga kunye nokhuseleko lwamayeza, ekulindeleke ukuba lwenzeke kwisithuba esiphakathi kweenyanga ezi-6 ukuya kwezi-9.

Ukongeza, olunye uphononongo lubonise ukuba ukusetyenziswa kwe-ivermectin ngabaguli abafunyaniswe ukuba banayo i-COVID-19 kubonise ukwehla komngcipheko weengxaki kunye nokuqhubela phambili kwesifo, kubonisa ukuba ivermectin inokuphucula ukuxelwa kwangaphambili kwesi sifo ^[33]. Kwangelo xesha, uphononongo olwenziwe e-Bangladesh lubonise ukuba ukusetyenziswa kwe-ivermectin (12 mg) yeentsuku ezi-5 kuyasebenza kwaye kukhuselekile kunyango lwe-COVID-19 ^[34].

NgoNovemba 2020 ^[35] I-hypothesis yabaphandi baseIndiya yokuba ivermectin iyakwazi ukuphazamisa ukuhanjiswa kwentsholongwane ukuya kwinucleus yeeseli, kuthintela ukukhula kwesifo, yapapashwa kwijenali yesayensi, nangona kunjalo esi siphumo sinokwenzeka kuphela ngeedosi eziphezulu ze ivermectin, enokuba yityhefu kumzimba womntu.

Olunye uphando lukhutshwe ngoDisemba 2020 ^[36] ikwabonakalise ukuba ukusetyenziswa kwee-nanoparticles ezine-ivermectin kunokunciphisa ukubonakaliswa kweeseli ze-ACE2 receptors, kunciphise ukubakho kwentsholongwane ebopha ezi receptors kwaye zibangele usulelo. Nangona kunjalo, olu phononongo lwenziwe kuphela kwi-vitro, kwaye akunakwenzeka ukuba uchaze ukuba iziphumo ziya kufana kwi-vivo. Ukongeza, njengoko le iyifom entsha yonyango, izifundo zetyhefu ziyafuneka.

Ngaphandle kwezi ziphumo, ezinye izifundo ziyafuneka ukubonisa ukusebenza kwe-ivermectin kunyango lwe-COVID-19, kunye nefuthe lalo ekuthinteleni usulelo. Bona ngakumbi malunga nokusetyenziswa kwe-ivermectin ngokuchasene ne-COVID-19.

Julayi 2, 2020 Hlaziya:

I-São Paulo Council ye-Pharmacy Council (CRF-SP) ikhuphe inqaku lobugcisa ^[20] apho ithi ichiza ivermectin libonisa inyathelo lokulwa intsholongwane kwizifundo ze-vitro, kodwa kufuneka uphando olwenziweyo ukuze kuthathelwe ingqalelo ukuba ivermectin inokusetyenziswa ngokukhuselekileyo ebantwini ngokuchasene ne-COVID-19.

Ke, ucebisa ukuba ukuthengiswa kwe-ivermectin kufuneka kwenziwe kuphela ngokuboniswa kommiselo kagqirha kwaye ngaphakathi kweedosi kunye namaxesha afundiswe ngugqirha.

Ukuhlaziywa kukaJulayi 10, 2020:

Ngokwenqaku lengcaciso elikhutshwe yi-ANVISA ^[22], Akukho zifundo zingqinayo ezibonisa ukusetyenziswa kwe-ivermectin kunyango lwe-COVID-19, kunye nokusetyenziswa kweziyobisi ukunyanga usulelo kwi-coronavirus entsha kufanele ukuba luxanduva lukagqirha okhokela unyango.

Ukongeza, iziphumo zokuqala ezikhutshwe luphando olwenziwe yi-USP's Institute of Biomedical Science (ICB) ^[23], bonisa ukuba ivermectin, nangona ikwazi ukuyiphelisa intsholongwane kwiiseli ezosulelekileyo elebhu, ikwabangela nokufa kwezi seli, ezinokubonisa ukuba eli chiza alinakuba sisisombululo sonyango esifanelekileyo.

Uhlaziyo lukaDisemba 9, 2020:

Kumaxwebhu akhutshwe yiBrazil Society of Infectious Diseases (SBI) ^[37] kwaboniswa ukuba akukho ngcebiso kunyango lokuqala lwe-pharmacological kunye / okanye iprophylactic yonyango lwe-COVID-19 nangalo naliphi na iyeza, kubandakanya ivermectin, kuba izifundo zeklinikhi ezenziwa ngokungenamkhethe azibonisi zibonelelo kwaye, kuxhomekeke kwidosi, esetyenzisiweyo, inokuthi inxulunyaniswa neziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezinokuba neziphumo kwimpilo yomntu ngokubanzi.

Uhlaziyo ngoFebruwari 4, 2021:

I-Merck, eyinkampani yamayeza ejongene nemveliso ye-Ivermectin, ichaze ukuba kuphando olwenziweyo aluchazanga bungqina benzululwazi obubonisa ukuba eli chiza linokubakho kunyango ngokuchasene ne-COVID-19, kwaye khange ichonge neziphumo kwizigulana. sele efumene ukuba unesifo.

2. IPlitidepsin

I-Plitidepsin lunyango lwe-anti-tumor oluveliswa elebhu yaseSpain eboniswe kunyango lwamatyala amaninzi e-myeloma, kodwa ekwanayo nefuthe elinamandla lokulwa intsholongwane ngokuchasene ne-coronavirus entsha.

Ngokophononongo olwenziwe eMelika ^[39], I-plitidepsin ikwazile ukunciphisa umthamo wentsholongwane ye-coronavirus ukuya kuthi ga kwi-99% kwimiphunga yeempuku zaselebhu ezosuleleke yi-COVID-19. Abaphandi bathethelela impumelelo yechiza kumandla alo okuthintela iprotein ekhoyo kwiiseli eziyimfuneko yokuba intsholongwane iphindaphindeke kwaye isasazeke emzimbeni wonke.

Ezi ziphumo, kunye nenyaniso yokuba iyeza sele lisetyenziswa ebantwini kunyango lwe-myeloma emininzi, zibonisa ukuba ichiza linokukhuseleka ukuba lingavavanywa kwizigulana zabantu ezosuleleke yi-COVID-19. Kuyimfuneko, ke, ukuba ulinde iziphumo zolu vavanyo lweklinikhi ukuze uqonde idosi kunye nobungozi beziyobisi.

3. Uhlaziyo ngokutsha

Eli liyeza elibanzi elinamachiza alwa nentsholongwane eliphuhliswe ukunyanga ubhubhane we-Ebola, kodwa khange libonakalise njengeziphumo ezintle njengezinye izinto. Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yesenzo sayo esibanzi ngokuchasene neentsholongwane, kuyafundwa ukuqonda ukuba ingazisa iziphumo ezingcono ekususeni i-coronavirus entsha.

Izifundo zokuqala ezenziwa elebhu kunye neli yeza, zombini eUnited States ^{[1] [2]}, Njengase China ^[3], ibonise iziphumo ezithembisayo, kuba into leyo ikwazile ukuthintela ukuphindaphindeka kunye nokuphindaphindeka kwe-coronavirus entsha, kunye nezinye iintsholongwane zosapho lwe-coronavirus.

Nangona kunjalo, ngaphambi kokuba icetyiswe njengohlobo lonyango, eli yeza kufuneka lenze izifundo ezininzi nabantu, ukuze kuqondwe ukusebenza kwalo kunye nokhuseleko. Ke ngoko, ngalo mzuzu, malunga nezifundo ezi-6 ezenziwayo ngenani eliphezulu lezigulana ezine-COVID-19, zombini e-United States, eYurophu nase-Japan, kodwa iziphumo kufuneka zikhutshwe kuphela ngo-Epreli. Okwangoku, abukho ubungqina bokuba i-Remdesivir, enyanisweni, inokusetyenziswa ngokukhuselekileyo ukuphelisa i-coronavirus entsha ebantwini.

Uhlaziyo luka-Epreli 29, 2020:

Ngokophando olwenziwe ziiSayensi zaseGiliyadi ^[8], e-United States, ukusetyenziswa kwe-Remdesivir kwizigulana ezine-COVID-19 kubonakala kunika iziphumo ezifanayo kunyango lweentsuku ezi-5 okanye ezili-10, kwaye kuzo zombini ezi meko izigulana ziyakhululwa esibhedlele malunga neentsuku ezili-14 kunye necala lezehlo Iziphumo nazo ziphantsi. Olu phononongo alibonisi inqanaba lokusebenza kwesiyobisi ukuphelisa i-coronavirus entsha kwaye, ke, ezinye izifundo zisenziwa.

Ngamana i-16, i-2020 yoHlaziyo:

Isifundo e-China kwizigulana ezingama-237 ezineziphumo ezibi zosulelo lwe-COVID-19 ^[15] uxele ukuba abaguli abanyangwe ngeli chiza babonisa ukuba bachacha ngokukhawuleza xa kuthelekiswa nezigulana zolawulo, nge-avareji yeentsuku ezili-10 xa kuthelekiswa neentsuku ezili-14 eziboniswe liqela elinyangwe nge-placebo.

Uhlaziyo ngoMeyi 22, 2020:

Ingxelo yokuqala yolunye uphando olwenziwe eMelika kunye neRemdesivir ^[16] Ukwaveze ukuba ukusetyenziswa kweli yeza kubonakala ngathi kunciphisa ixesha lokubuyisela kubantu abadala abasesibhedlele, kunye nokunciphisa umngcipheko wosulelo olusezantsi lokuphefumla.

Uhlaziyo lukaJulayi 26, 2020:

Ngokwophononongo olwenziwe yiBoston University School of Health Public ^[26], i-remdesivir inciphisa ixesha lonyango kwizigulana ezingeniswe kwi-ICU.

Uhlaziyo lukaNovemba 5, 2020:

Ingxelo yokugqibela yophando olwenziwa e-United States kunye ne-Remdesivir ibonisa ukuba ukusetyenziswa kweli yeza, eneneni, kunciphisa ixesha eliphakathi lokufumana kwakhona kubantu abadala abasesibhedlele, ukusuka kwiintsuku ezili-15 ukuya kwezili-10. ^[31].

Uhlaziyo lukaNovemba 19, 2020:

I-FDA e-United States ikhuphe isigunyaziso esingxamisekileyo ^[32] evumela ukusetyenziswa ngokudibeneyo kweRemdesivir kunye neziyobisi iBaricitinib, kunyango lwezigulana ezinesifo esomeleleyo se-coronavirus kwaye zidinga ioksijini okanye umoya wokungenisa umoya.

Uhlaziyo lukaNovemba 20, 2020:

I-WHO icebise malunga nokusetyenziswa kwe-Remdesivir kunyango lwezigulana ze-COVID-19 ngenxa yokunqongophala kwedatha eqinisekileyo ebonisa ukuba i-Remdesivir iyalinciphisa inani lokusweleka.

4. Dexamethasone

I-Dexamethasone luhlobo lwe-corticosteroid esetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwizigulana ezineengxaki zokuphefumla ezingapheliyo, ezinje nge-asthma, kodwa inokusetyenziswa nakwezinye iingxaki zokudumba, ezinje ngesifo samathambo okanye ukudumba kolusu. Eli yeza livavanywe njengendlela yokunciphisa iimpawu ze-COVID-19, njengoko inokunceda ukunciphisa ukudumba emzimbeni.

Ngokophando olwenziwa e-UK ^[18], I-dexamethasone ibonakala njengelokuqala ichiza kuvavanywa ukunciphisa kakhulu izinga lokufa kwabaguli abagula kakhulu abane-COVID-19. Ngokweziphumo zophononongo, i-dexamethasone ikwazile ukunciphisa izinga lokusweleka ukuya kuthi ga kwiintsuku ezingama-28 emva kosulelo kwi-coronavirus entsha, ngakumbi kubantu abafuna ukuncediswa ngomatshini wokuphefumla okanye ukufaka ioksijini.

Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuba i-dexamethasone ayiphelisi i-coronavirus emzimbeni, kodwa inceda kuphela ekunciphiseni iimpawu kunye nokuphepha iingxaki ezinzulu.

Uhlaziyo lukaJuni 19, 2020:

Umbutho waseBrazil wezifo ezosulelayo ucebise ukuba kusetyenziswe i-dexamethasone kangangeentsuku ezili-10 kunyango lwazo zonke izigulana ezine-COVID-19 ezingeniswe e-ICU ngomatshini wokungenisa umoya okanye abafuna ukufumana ioksijini. Nangona kunjalo, ii-corticosteroids akufuneki zisetyenziswe kwiimeko ezinobulali okanye njengendlela yokuthintela usulelo ^[19].

Hlaziya ngoJulayi 17, 2020:

Ngokophando lwenzululwazi olwenziwa e-United Kingdom ^[24], Unyango nge-dexamethasone kangangeentsuku ezili-10 zilandelelana kubonakala ngathi kunciphisa izinga lokusweleka kwizigulana ezinosulelo olomeleleyo kakhulu yi-coronavirus entsha, efuna i-ventilator. Kule meko, izinga lokusweleka libonakala lincipha ukusuka kuma-41.4% ukuya kuma-29.3%. Kwezinye izigulana, iimpembelelo zonyango lwe-dexamethasone khange zibonise iziphumo ezinjalo.

Uhlaziyo lukaSeptemba 2, 2020:

Uhlalutyo lweemeta olusekwe kwiimvavanyo zeklinikhi ezi-7 ^[29] ugqibe kwelokuba ukusetyenziswa kwe-dexamethasone kunye nezinye i-corticosteroids, enyanisweni, kunokunciphisa ukubhubha kwizigulana ezigulelweyo ezine-COVID-19.

Uhlaziyo lukaSeptemba 18, 2020:

I-Arhente yamaYeza yaseYurophu (EMA) ^[30] kuvunyelwe ukusetyenziswa kwe-dexamethasone kunyango lwabakwishumi elivisayo nakubantu abadala abosuleleke yi-coronavirus entsha, abadinga inkxaso yeoksijini okanye umoya wokungenisa umoya.

5. IHydroxychloroquine kunye ne-chloroquine

I-Hydroxychloroquine, kunye ne-chloroquine, zizinto ezimbini ezisetyenziselwa ukunyanga abaguli abanesifo seengcongconi, i-lupus kunye nezinye iingxaki zempilo, kodwa ezingathathwa njengezikhuselekileyo kuzo zonke iimeko ze-COVID-19.

Isifundo siqhutywa eFrance ^[4] nase China ^[5], ibonise iziphumo ezithembisayo ze-chloroquine kunye ne-hydroxychloroquine ekunciphiseni umthamo wentsholongwane kunye nokunciphisa ukuhanjiswa kwentsholongwane kwiiseli, ukunciphisa amandla wentsholongwane ukuphindaphinda, ukubonelela, ngoko ke, ukufumana ngokukhawuleza. Nangona kunjalo, ezi zifundo zenziwa kwiisampulu ezincinci kwaye ayizizo zonke iimvavanyo ezazikho.

Okwangoku, ngokweSebe lezeMpilo laseBrazil, i-chloroquine inokusetyenziswa kuphela kubantu abangeniswe esibhedlele, kangangeentsuku ezintlanu, phantsi koqwalaselo olusisigxina, ukuvavanya ukubonakala kweziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezinokubakho, ezinjengeengxaki zentliziyo okanye utshintsho kumbono .

Epreli 4, 2020 Hlaziya:

Olunye lophononongo oluqhubekayo, kunye nokusetyenziswa ngokudibeneyo kwehydroxychloroquine kunye ne-antibiotic azithromycin ^[9], eFrance, babonisa iziphumo ezithembisayo kwiqela lezigulana ezingama-80 ezineempawu ezilinganiselweyo ze-COVID-19. Kweli qela, ukuhla okuphawuliweyo kumthamo wentsholongwane we-coronavirus entsha emzimbeni kwaqatshelwa, emva kweentsuku ezisi-8 zonyango, ezingaphantsi komndilili weeveki ezi-3 eziboniswe ngabantu abangakhange bafumane naluphi na unyango.

Kolu phando, kwizigulana ezingama-80 ezifundiweyo, kuphela ngumntu omnye ogqityiwe wasweleka, kuba ngewayengeniswe esibhedlele kwinqanaba eliphezulu kakhulu losulelo, ekusenokwenzeka ukuba lwaluthintela unyango.

Ezi ziphumo ziyaqhubeka nokuxhasa ithiyori yokuba ukusetyenziswa kwehydroxychloroquine kunokuba yindlela ekhuselekileyo yokunyanga usulelo lwe-COVID-19, ngakumbi kwiimeko ezinobulali ukuya kweziphakathi, ukongeza ekunciphiseni umngcipheko wosulelo. Okwangoku, kufuneka ulinde iziphumo zolunye uphononongo olwenziwa kunye neziyobisi, ukufumana iziphumo ngesampulu enkulu yabemi.

Uhlaziyo luka-Epreli 23, 2020:

I-Federal Council of Medicine yaseBrazil yamkele ukusetyenziswa kweHydroxychloroquine ngokudibeneyo neAzithromycin ngokokubona kukagqirha, kwizigulana ezineempawu ezilinganiselweyo okanye ezilinganiselweyo, kodwa ezingafuni ukwamkelwa kwe-ICU, apho ezinye izifo zentsholongwane, ezinje ngeFluenza okanye i-H1N1 , kunye nokuchongwa kwe-COVID-19 kuqinisekisiwe ^[12].

Ke, ngenxa yokunqongophala kweziphumo ezomeleleyo zenzululwazi, olu manyano lweziyobisi kufuneka lusetyenziswe kuphela ngemvume yesigulana kunye nengcebiso kagqirha, emva kokuvavanya ubungozi obunokubakho.

Ngamana i-22, i-2020 yoHlaziyo:

Ngokophando olwenziwe e-United States kunye nezigulana ezingama-811 ^[13], Ukusetyenziswa kweChloroquine kunye neHydroxychloroquine, edibene okanye engenayo ne-azithromycin, kubonakala ngathi ayinaziphumo kunyango lwe-COVID-19, ikwabonakala ngathi iyaliphinda kabini inani lokufa kwabaguli, kuba la machiza anyusa umngcipheko weengxaki zokuphazamiseka kwentliziyo, ngakumbi i-arrhythmia kunye ne-atrial fibrillation.

Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, olu lolona phando lukhulu lwenziwe ngehydroxychloroquine kunye ne-chloroquine. Kuba iziphumo ezizisiweyo zichasene noko bekutshiwo malunga nala machiza, kusafuneka ezinye izifundo.

Ngamana i-25, i-2020 yoHlaziyo:

Umbutho wezeMpilo weHlabathi (i-WHO) ulunqumamisile okwethutyana uphando olwenziwe kwi-hydroxychloroquine eyayiququzelelwa kumazwe aliqela. Ukunqunyanyiswa kufuneka kugcinwe de kube kukhuselekile iziyobisi.

Ngomhla wama-30, ngo-2020 uHlaziyo:

Umbuso wase-Espírito Santo, eBrazil, warhoxa ukubonisa ukusetyenziswa kwe-chloroquine kwizigulana ezine-COVID-19 zikwimeko emaxongo.

Ukongeza, abatshutshisi abavela kwi-Federal Public Ministry yaseSão Paulo, eRio de Janeiro, Sergipe nasePernambuco bacela ukumiswa kwemigaqo ebonisa ukusetyenziswa kwehydroxychloroquine kunye ne-chloroquine kunyango lwezigulana ezine-COVID-19.

Uhlaziyo lukaJuni 4, 2020:

Imagazini iLancet ilurhoxisile upapasho lwesifundo sezigulana ezingama-811 ezibonakalise ukuba ukusetyenziswa kwehydroxychloroquine kunye ne-chloroquine akunaziphumo ziluncedo kunyango lwe-COVID-19, ngenxa yobunzima bokufikelela kwidatha ephambili eboniswe kolu phando.

Uhlaziyo lukaJuni 15, 2020:

I-FDA, engumbutho olawula iziyobisi e-United States, irhoxise imvume engxamisekileyo yokusetyenziswa kwe-chloroquine kunye ne-hydroxychloroquine kunyango lwe-COVID-19 ^[17]Ukucacisa inqanaba eliphezulu lomngcipheko weziyobisi kunye nezinto ezinokubonakala ziphantsi kunyango lwe-coronavirus entsha.

Hlaziya ngoJulayi 17, 2020:

Umbutho waseBrazil wezifo eziSulelayo ^[25] icebisa ukuba ukusetyenziswa kwehydroxychloroquine kunyango lwe-COVID-19 kuyekwe, kulo naliphi na inqanaba losulelo.

NgoJulayi 23, 2020 Hlaziya:

Ngokophando lwaseBrazil ^[27], eyenziwe ngokudibeneyo phakathi kuka-Albert Einstein, HCor, Sírio-Libanês, Moinhos de Vento, Oswaldo Cruz kunye ne-Beneficência Portuguesa Izibhedlele, ukusetyenziswa kwehydroxychloroquine, ehambelana okanye ingekho ne-azithromycin, kubonakala ngathi ayinampembelelo kunyango lwe-mild to moderation abaguli abane-coronavirus entsha.

6. Iicolchicine

Ngokophononongo olwenziwe eCanada ^[38], colchicine, iyeza elisetyenziswa kakhulu kunyango lweengxaki ze-rheumatological, ezinjenge-gout, lunokunceda kunyango lwezigulana ezine-COVID-19.

Ngokwabaphandi, iqela lezigulana elanyangwa neliyeza ukusukela oko kwafunyaniswa ukuba lalinosulelo, xa kuthelekiswa neqela elalisebenzisa i-placebo, labonisa ukwehla okuphezulu komngcipheko wokuba nefomathi yesi sifo. Ukongeza, ukuncitshiswa kokulaliswa esibhedlele kunye namazinga okusweleka kuye kwaxelwa.

7. Mefloquine

I-Mefloquine sisiyobisi esibonisiweyo sothintelo kunye nonyango lwe-malaria, kubantu abanenjongo yokuhamba baye kwiindawo ezinobungozi. Ngokusekwe kwizifundo ezenziwa e-China nase-Itali^[6], irejimeni yonyango apho i-mefloquine idityaniswe namanye amayeza efundwa eRussia ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kwayo ekulawuleni isifo se-COVID-19, kodwa akukabikho ziphumo zichanekileyo okwangoku.

Ke, ukusetyenziswa kwe-mefloquine ukunyanga usulelo kwi-coronavirus entsha akukacetyiswa kuba izifundo ezininzi ziyafuneka ukungqina ukusebenza kwayo kunye nokhuseleko.

8. Iitocilizumab

I-Tocilizumab liyeza elinciphisa ukusebenza kwamajoni omzimba, ke ngoko, lihlala lisetyenziswa kunyango lwezigulana ezine-rheumatoid arthritis, ukunciphisa ukwanda kwempendulo yomzimba, ukunciphisa ukudumba kunye nokunciphisa iimpawu.

La mayeza afundelwa ukunceda kunyango lwe-COVID-19, ngakumbi kumanqanaba aphezulu osulelo, xa kukho inani elikhulu lezinto ezirhabaxa eziveliswa ngamajoni omzimba, anokwenza mandundu imeko yeklinikhi.

Ngokutsho kwesifundo e-China ^[10] kwizigulana ezili-15 ezosuleleke yi-COVID-19, ukusetyenziswa kwe-tocilizumab kungqineke kusebenza ngakumbi kwaye kubangela iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezimbalwa, xa kuthelekiswa ne-corticosteroids, ezizezamachiza ezisetyenziselwa ukulawula ukudumba okwenziwa kukuzikhusela komzimba.

Okwangoku, kufuneka kwenziwe ezinye izifundo, ukuqonda ukuba leliphi elona dose lifanelekileyo, ukumisela irejimeni yonyango kwaye ufumanise ukuba zeziphi na iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezinokubakho.

Uhlaziyo luka-Epreli 29, 2020:

Ngokophononongo olutsha olwenziwe e-China kunye nezigulana ezingama-21 ezosuleleke yi-COVID-19^[14], Unyango lwe-tocilizumab lubonakala luyakwazi ukunciphisa iimpawu zosulelo kwakamsinya emva kolawulo lweziyobisi, ukunciphisa umkhuhlane, ukukhulula imvakalelo yokuxinana esifubeni kunye nokuphucula amanqanaba eoksijini.

Olu pho nonongo lwenziwe kwizigulane ezineempawu ezinzima zentsholongwane kwaye lubonisa ukuba unyango lwe-tocilizumab kufuneka luqalwe ngokukhawuleza xa isiguli sisuka kwimeko enokulinganisela ukuya kwimeko enzulu yokusuleleka kwi-coronavirus entsha.

Uhlaziyo lukaJulayi 11, 2020:

Uphando olutsha yiYunivesithi yaseMichigan eUnited States ^[28], kugqitywe kwelokuba ukusetyenziswa kwe-tocilizumab kwizigulana ezine-COVID-19 kubonakala ngathi kunciphisa izinga lokusweleka kwizigulana ezingena umoya, nangona inyuse umngcipheko wolunye usulelo.

9. Iplasma efudumeleyo

Iplasma yeConvalescent luhlobo lonyango lwebhayoloji apho kuthathwa khona isampuli yegazi, kubantu abasele bosulelwe yicoronavirus kwaye baphinde bachacha, abathi emva koko benze iinkqubo ezithile zokwahlulahlula iplasma kwiiseli ezibomvu zegazi. Okokugqibela, le plasma itofelwe kulo mntu ugulayo ukunceda amajoni omzimba alwe nale ntsholongwane.

Ithiyori emva kolu hlobo lonyango kukuba ii-antibodies eziveliswe ngumzimba womntu osulelekileyo, zaze zahlala kwi-plasma, zinokudluliselwa kwigazi lomnye umntu osesesifo, ukunceda ukomeleza Ukuzikhusela nokuququzelela ukupheliswa kwentsholongwane.

NgokweNqaku lobuGcisa elinguNombolo-21 elikhutshwe ngu-Anvisa, eBrazil, iplasma esindayo ingasetyenziswa njengonyango lokulinga kwizigulana ezine-coronavirus entsha, ukuba nje iyalandelwa yonke imigaqo yokuJongwa kwezeMpilo. Ukongeza, onke amatyala asebenzisa i-convalescent plasma kunyango lwe-COVID-19 kufuneka axelwe kwi-General Coordination of Blood kunye neMveliso yeGazi yoMphathiswa Wezempilo.

10. I-Avifavir

I-Avifavir sisiyobisi esiveliswa eRashiya esine-ingredient esebenzayo eyinto eyi-favipiravir, ethi ngokweNgxowa-mali ngqo ye-Russian Investment Fund (i-RDIF) ^[21] Iyakwazi ukunyanga usulelo lwe-coronavirus, ebandakanyiwe kunyango kunye neenkqubo zokuthintela ze-COVID-19 eRashiya.

Ngokwezifundo ezenziwayo, ngaphakathi kweentsuku ezili-10, i-Avifavir yayingenazo iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezintsha kwaye, kwiintsuku ezi-4, i-65% yezigulana ezanyangwa zazinovavanyo olubi lwe-COVID-19.

11. IBaricitinib

I-FDA igunyazise ukusetyenziswa ngokungxamisekileyo kwesiyobisi iBaricitinib kunyango lwezifo ezinzulu ze-COVID-19 ^[32]ngokudibeneyo neRemdesivir. I-Baricitinib yinto enciphisa ukuphendula kwamasosha omzimba, ukunciphisa isenzo se-enzyme ezikhuthaza ukuvuvukala kwaye zazisetyenziswa ngaphambili kwimeko ye-rheumatoid arthritis.

Ngokuka-FDA, olu dibaniso lunokusetyenziswa kwizigulana zabantu abadala kunye nabantwana abadala kuneminyaka emi-2, abalaliswe esibhedlele kwaye badinga unyango ngeoksijini okanye umoya wokungenisa umoya.

12. I-EXO-CD24

I-EXO-CD24 sisiyobisi esiboniswe kunyango lomhlaza we-ovari kwaye wakwazi ukunyanga izigulana ezingama-29 kwezingama-30 ezine-COVID-19. Nangona kunjalo, kusaqhutywa uphando oluthe kratya, ngenani elikhulu labantu, ngenjongo yokuqinisekisa ukuba ingaba eliyeza liza kusebenza kunyango lwesi sifo kunye nedosi ethathwa njengekhuselekileyo ukuba ingasetyenziswa.

Ukhetho lwendalo lwonyango lwe-coronavirus

Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku akukho nyango lwendalo luqinisekisiweyo lokuphelisa i-coronavirus kunye nokunceda ukunyanga i-COVID-19, nangona kunjalo, i-WHO iyaqonda ukuba isityalo UArtemisia annua inokunceda kunyango ^[11], ngakumbi kwiindawo apho ukufikelela kumayeza kunzima kakhulu kwaye isityalo sisetyenziselwa amayeza emveli, njengoko kunjalo kwimimandla eyahlukeneyo yaseAfrika.

Amagqabi esityalo UArtemisia annua zisetyenziswa ngokwesiko e-Afrika ukunceda ukunyanga isifo seengcongconi kwaye, ke ngoko, i-WHO iyaqonda ukuba kukho isidingo sophando lokuqonda ukuba ingaba isityalo sinokusetyenziswa na kunyango lwe-COVID-19, kuba amanye amayeza enziwe ngokuchasene nemalariya abonise iziphumo ezithembisayo .

Okwangoku, kubalulekile ukuba ukhumbule ukuba ukusetyenziswa kwesityalo akuqinisekiswanga ngokuchasene ne-COVID-19 kwaye uphando olongezelelweyo luyafuneka.