Ngaba iipilisi zokuLawulwa kokuzalwa kweedosi ezisezantsi zikulungele?

Umxholo

• Zisebenza njani iipilisi zokulawula inzala
• Iipilisi zokulawula ukuzalwa kweedosi ezisezantsi
• Iziphumo zokudityaniswa kwethamo elisezantsi lokudibanisa iipilisi
• Iipilisi zolawulo lokuzalwa kuphela
• Iziphumo zeepipipiki zedosi ephantsi
• Imiba yomngcipheko ekufuneka uyiqwalasele
• Yise kude

Ushwankathelo

Iipilisi zolawulo lokuzalwa ziyeyona ndlela iphambili yokuthintela ukukhulelwa e-United States okoko zavunywa yi-U.S. YezoKutya kunye noLawulo lweeDrug (FDA) ngo-1960. Ziyasebenza, zifikeleleka lula, kwaye azibizi mali ininzi.

Iipilisi zolawulo lokuzalwa ngokubanzi zithathwa njengezikhuselekileyo kuninzi lwabasetyhini. Ngelixa benomngcipheko othile, iipilisi zedosi ezisezantsi ezitsha zokulawula ukuzalwa zinokunciphisa ezo ngozi.

Uninzi lweepilisi zolawulo lokuzalwa namhlanje zithathwa njengedosi ephantsi. Oku kubandakanya zombini iipilisi zokudibanisa (i-estrogen kunye neprogestin) kunye ne-minipill (iprogestin kuphela).

Iipilisi zedosi ephantsi ziqulethe i-10 ukuya kwi-30 ye-micrograms (mcg) yehomoni estrogen. Iipilisi ezine-10 mcg ye-estrogen kuphela zihlelwa njenge-ultra-low-dose. I-Estrogen ikwiipilisi ezininzi zokulawula ukuzalwa, kwaye inxulunyaniswa nomngcipheko okhulayo weengxaki zempilo, ezinje ngegazi kunye nokubetha.

Ngaphandle kwale minipill. Iyafumaneka kwidosi enye kuphela equlathe i-35 mcg yeprogestin.

Iipilisi zokulawula ukuzalwa ezingezizo idosi ephantsi zinokufikelela kwi-50 okanye kwi-mcg ye-estrogen. Ezi kunqabile ukuba zisetyenziswe namhlanje, njengoko iidosi ezisezantsi ziyafumaneka. Ngokuthelekisa, ipilisi yokuqala yokungena kwintengiso iqulethe.

Zisebenza njani iipilisi zokulawula inzala

Iihomoni ze-estrogen kunye neprogesterone zibonisa ukuba umzimba wakho uvelise amaqanda kwaye ulungiselele ukukhulelwa.

Ukuba idlozi alichumisi iqanda, amanqanaba ala mahomoni ayawa ngokukhawuleza. Ukuphendula, isibeleko sakho sikhupha ulungelelwaniso olwakhiwe. Olu lindi luye lwachitheka ngexesha lakho.

Iipilisi zolawulo lokuzalwa ziqulathe indibaniselwano yeestrogen yokwenziwa kunye neprogesterone yokwenziwa okanye iprogesterone yokwenziwa yodwa. Inguqulelo eyenziwe yiprogesterone yaziwa ngokuba yiprogestin.

Umsebenzi we-Estrogen kunye neprogestin ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo ukunqanda ukukhulelwa. Zombini zisebenza ukukhusela i-pituitary gland ekuveliseni iihomoni ezibangela ukuphuma kwe-ovulation.

Iprogestin ikwandisa i-mucus yakho yomlomo wesibeleko, isenza ukuba kube nzima kwisidoda ukufikelela kuwo nawaphi na amaqanda akhutshiweyo. Iprogestin iyanciphisa ulwelwesi lwesibeleko ngokunjalo. Oku kwenza ukuba kube nzima ukuba iqanda lifakwe apho ukuba isidoda siyasichumisa.

Iipilisi zokulawula ukuzalwa kweedosi ezisezantsi

Ukudibanisa iipilisi zolawulo lokuzalwa ziqukethe i-estrogen kunye neprogestin. Xa zithathwa ngokuchanekileyo, iipilisi zolawulo lokuzalwa ngokudibeneyo zingama-99.7 eepesenti ezisebenzayo ekuthinteleni ukukhulelwa okungafunekiyo. Ngokusetyenziswa kwesiqhelo, njengokulahleka kweedosi ezimbalwa, inqanaba lokungaphumeleli limalunga.

Iimpawu eziqhelekileyo zeepilisi zolawulo lokuzalwa oluphantsi zibandakanya:

• Apri (desogestrel kunye ne-ethinyl estradiol)
• Aviane (levonorgestrel kunye ne-ethinyl estradiol)
• I-Levlen 21 (levonorgestrel kunye ne-ethinyl estradiol)
• I-Levora (levonorgestrel kunye ne-ethinyl estradiol)
• I-Lo Loestrin Fe (norethindrone acetate kunye ne-ethinyl estradiol)
• ILo / iOvral (i-norgestrel kunye ne-ethinyl estradiol)
• I-Ortho-Novum (norethindrone kunye ne-ethinyl estradiol)
• Yasmin (drospirenone kunye ne-ethinyl estradiol)
• Yaz (drospirenone kunye ne-ethinyl estradiol)

ILo Loestrin Fe ithathwa njengepilisi yedosi esezantsi, njengoko iqulethe kuphela i-10 mcg ye-estrogen.

Iziphumo zokudityaniswa kwethamo elisezantsi lokudibanisa iipilisi

Kukho izibonelelo ezininzi zokuthatha ipilisi yokudibanisa yedosi ephantsi:

• Amaxesha akho kunokwenzeka ukuba abe rhoqo.
• Amaxesha akho anokukhanya.
• Naluphi na ukuxinwa kokuya esikhathini kunokuba nzima.
• Ungeke ube ne-premenstrual syndrome (PMS) enzima.
• Unokongeza ukhuselo kwisifo se-pelvic (PID).
• Unokuba nomngcipheko omncinci wee-ovarian cysts, umdlavuza we-ovari kunye nomhlaza we-endometrium.

Kukho izinto ezingalunganga zokuthatha ipilisi yokudibanisa yedosi ephantsi, nangona kunjalo. Oku kunokubandakanya:

• umngcipheko owandileyo wokuhlaselwa sisifo sentliziyo
• umngcipheko owandayo wokubethwa sistroke
• umngcipheko okhulayo wamahlwili egazi
• ukunciphisa imveliso yobisi, yiyo loo nto oogqirha bengacebisi le pilisi ukuba uncelisa

Ezinye iziphumo ezichaphazelekayo zingabandakanya:

• isicaphucaphu
• ukugabha
• intloko ebuhlungu
• amabele athambileyo
• utshintsho lobunzima
• ukudakumba
• ixhala

Iipilisi zolawulo lokuzalwa kuphela

Ipilisi yeprogesin kuphela ibizwa ngokuba yi "minipill." Olu hlobo lolawulo lokuzalwa lukwasebenza ngokukuko ngeepesenti ezingama-99.7 xa luthathwe ngokuchanekileyo. Inqanaba lokusilela eliqhelekileyo malunga.

Ukuba uyaphoswa yidosi okanye ungayithathi i-minipill ngaxeshanye suku ngalunye, ithuba lakho lokukhulelwa likhulu kunokuba kunokuba njalo xa usebenzisa iipilisi zokudibanisa idosi ephantsi. Xa ii-minipill zingathathwanga ngokuchanekileyo, ukusebenza kwazo kuba sezantsi kakhulu.

Nangona ii-minipill zinokuvelisa iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga, ngakumbi ukopha okanye ukubonwa phakathi kwamaxesha, iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zihlala ziphucula okanye zinyamalale emva kweenyanga ezimbalwa. Iipipipili zinokunciphisa ubude bexesha lakho.

Iimpawu eziqhelekileyo zeepilisi zolawulo lokuzalwa kuphela lweprogestin zibandakanya:

• UCamila
• U-Errin
• UHeather
• Jolivette
• IMicronor
• UNora-BE

Ezi pilisi ziqulathe uhlobo lweprogesterone ebizwa ngokuba yi-norethindrone.

Iziphumo zeepipipiki zedosi ephantsi

Iipilisi zeprogesin kuphela zinokuba yinto elungileyo ukuba unemingcipheko ekuthintela ekuthatheni i-estrogen, njengokutshaya okanye imbali yesifo sentliziyo.

Kukho ezinye izibonelelo zeedosi ezisezantsi zeprogesin kuphela:

• Ungabathatha ukuba uyancancisa.
• Banciphisa umngcipheko womhlaza we-endometrium okanye i-PID.
• Unokuba namaxesha ambalwa.
• Unokuba namava okuxinana.

Ukungancedi kweepilisi zedosi esezantsi kuphela kunokubandakanya:

• ukubona phakathi kwamaxesha
• amaxesha aqhelekileyo

Ezinye iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zibandakanya:

• ukudumba
• ukutyeba kwakho
• amabele abuhlungu
• intloko ebuhlungu
• ukudakumba
• ii-cysts zamaqanda

Uphononongo lwabafazi abamalunga ne-1 000 kwiYunivesithi yaseNew York iLangone Medical Centre bafumanisa ukuba abasetyhini abathatha iipilisi zokuthintela inzala ezisezantsi banamathuba okufumana iintlungu kunye nokuphazamiseka ngexesha lokwabelana ngesondo kunabasetyhini abathatha iipilisi zokulawula ukuzalwa.

Imiba yomngcipheko ekufuneka uyiqwalasele

Akufanele uthathe naziphi na iipilisi zokulawula ukuzalwa xa:

• ukhulelwe
• bangaphezulu kwama-35 kwaye bayatshaya
• Unembali yesifo sentliziyo, ukubetha, okanye amahlwili egazi
• Okwangoku unayo okanye inembali yomhlaza wamabele
• ndinemigraines ene-aura
• Uxinzelelo lwegazi, nokuba ilawulwa ngamayeza

Yise kude

Ukuba uthatha iipilisi zokulawula ukuzalwa ngexesha elifanayo yonke imihla, idosi ephantsi okanye ipilisi yolawulo lokuzalwa kuphela inokulungela wena.

Uninzi loogqirha lucebisa iipilisi zeprogestin kuphela xa uncancisa. Iminipill ihlala isetyenziswa kule meko kuba iqulethe iprogestin kuphela.

Ukuba awukhathalelanga kangako ukuthatha iipilisi zakho ngaxeshanye yonke imihla, unokufumanisa ukuba ezinye iindlela ezinje ngokufakwa kokuthintela ukukhulelwa, inaliti, okanye izixhobo zesisu zilungile.

Thetha nogqirha wakho malunga nembali yakho yezempilo kunye neenjongo zakho zolawulo lokuzalwa. Ngokudibeneyo, unokukhetha olona khetho lolawulo lokuzalwa.