Yonke into ekufuneka uyazi malunga nomhlaza wemiphunga

Umxholo

• Zithini iimpawu zomhlaza wemiphunga?
• Yintoni ebangela umhlaza wemiphunga?
• Amanqanaba omhlaza wemiphunga
• Umhlaza wemiphunga kunye neentlungu zomqolo
• Imingcipheko yomhlaza wemiphunga
• Umhlaza wemiphunga kunye nokutshaya
• Ukuchonga umhlaza wemiphunga
• Unyango lomhlaza wemiphunga
• Unyango lwasekhaya lweempawu zomhlaza wemiphunga
• Iziphakamiso zokutya kubantu abanomdlavuza wamaphaphu
• Umhlaza wemiphunga kunye nexesha lokuphila
• Iinyani kunye namanani malunga nomhlaza wemiphunga

Ngaba kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zomhlaza wemiphunga?

Umhlaza wemiphunga ngumhlaza oqala emiphungeni.

Uhlobo oluqhelekileyo ngumhlaza wesifo semiphunga ongekho mncinci (NSCLC). I-NSCLC yenza malunga neepesenti ezingama-80 ukuya kuma-85 zawo onke amatyala. Amashumi amathathu eepesenti ala matyala aqala kwiiseli ezenza ulungelelwaniso lweemingxunya zomzimba kunye nomphezulu.

Olu hlobo luhlala lwenzeka kwinxalenye engaphandle yemiphunga (adenocarcinomas). Enye iipesenti ezingama-30 zamatyala aqala kwiiseli ezihambelana neendlela zokuphefumla (squamous cell carcinoma).

I-subset enqabileyo ye-adenocarcinoma iqala kwiingxowa zomoya ezincinci kwimiphunga (alveoli). Ibizwa ngokuba yi-adenocarcinoma in situ (AIS).

Olu hlobo alukho ndlongondlongo kwaye alunakho ukuhlasela izicubu ezijikelezileyo okanye ludinga unyango kwangoko. Iindidi ezikhula ngokukhawuleza ze-NSCLC zibandakanya i-cell-carcinoma enkulu kunye neeseli ezinkulu ze-neuroendocrine tumors.

Umhlaza wamaphaphu wamaseli amancinci (i-SCLC) umele malunga neepesenti ezili-15 ukuya kuma-20 zepesenti zomhlaza wemiphunga. I-SCLC ikhula kwaye isasazeka ngokukhawuleza kune-NSCLC. Oku kwenza ukuba kube lula ukuphendula kwi-chemotherapy. Nangona kunjalo, akunakwenzeka ukuba unyange unyango.

Kwezinye iimeko, izicubu zomhlaza wemiphunga ziqulethe iiseli ze-NSCLC kunye ne-SCLC.

I-Mesothelioma lolunye uhlobo lomhlaza wemiphunga. Ihlala inxulunyaniswa nokuvezwa kwe-asbestos. Amathumba e-carcinoid aqala kwiiseli ezivelisa (neuroendocrine) iiseli.

Amathumba emiphungeni angakhula abe makhulu kakhulu ngaphambi kokuba uqaphele iimpawu. Iimpawu zokuqala zilingisa ukubanda okanye ezinye iimeko eziqhelekileyo, ngenxa yoko uninzi lwabantu alufunanga unyango ngokukhawuleza. Esi sesinye sezizathu zokuba umhlaza wemiphunga ungaqhelekanga kufunyaniswe kwinqanaba lokuqala.

Funda ukuba uhlobo lomhlaza wemiphunga lunokuchaphazela njani amaxabiso okusinda »

Zithini iimpawu zomhlaza wemiphunga?

Iimpawu zesifo somhlaza wamaphaphu ongekho mncinci kunye nesifo somhlaza esincinci semiphunga ziyafana.

Iimpawu zokuqala zinokubandakanya:

• ukulibala okanye ukukhohlela okukhohlakeleyo
• ukukhohlela iphlegm okanye igazi
• Intlungu yesifuba esiba mandundu xa uphefumla nzulu, uhleka okanye ukhohlela
• ukudinwa
• ukuqhawukelwa ngumphefumlo
• ukuvutha
• ubuthathaka nokudinwa
• ukuphelelwa ngumdla wokutya kunye nokwehla kobunzima

Unokuba nezifo zokuphefumula eziphindaphindiweyo ezifana ne-pneumonia okanye i-bronchitis.

Njengokuba umhlaza usasazeka, iimpawu ezongezelelekileyo zixhomekeke kwindawo apho amathumba amatsha aqala khona. Umzekelo, ukuba:

• I-lymph nodes: amaqhuma, ngakumbi entanyeni okanye kwikhola
• amathambo: iintlungu zethambo, ngakumbi emqolo, kwiimbambo, okanye esinqeni
• ingqondo okanye umqolo: intloko ebuhlungu, isiyezi, imiba yokulinganisela, okanye ukuba ndindisholo ezingalweni okanye emilenzeni
• isibindi: tyheli kolusu namehlo (jaundice)

Amathumba aphezulu emiphungeni anokuchaphazela imithambo-luvo yobuso, ekhokelela ekuthambekeni kwelinye ijwabu leso, umfundi omncinci, okanye ukungabikho kombilo kwelinye icala lobuso. Ngokudibeneyo, ezi mpawu zibizwa ngokuba yi-Horner syndrome. Inokubangela nentlungu egxalabeni.

Izidumbu zinokucinezela kumthambo omkhulu ohambisa igazi phakathi kwentloko, iingalo nentliziyo. Oku kunokubangela ukudumba kobuso, intamo, isifuba esingaphezulu, kunye neengalo.

Umhlaza wemiphunga ngamanye amaxesha udala into efana neehomoni, ebangela iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeempawu ezibizwa ngokuba yi-paraneoplastic syndrome, ebandakanya:

• ubuthathaka bemisipha
• isicaphucaphu
• ukugabha
• ukugcinwa kolwelo
• igazi elonyukayo
• iswekile ephezulu yegazi
• ukudideka
• ukuxhuzula
• ikhoma

Funda nzulu malunga neempawu zomhlaza wemiphunga »

Yintoni ebangela umhlaza wemiphunga?

Nabani na onokufumana umhlaza wemiphunga, kodwa ama-90 eepesenti amatyala omhlaza wemiphunga asisiphumo sokutshaya.

Ukusukela oko uphefumlela umsi emiphungeni yakho, uqala ukonakalisa izicwili zakho zemiphunga. Imiphunga ingawulungisa lo monakalo, kodwa ukuqhubeka nokutshaya umsi kwenza ukuba kube nzima kwimiphunga ukuqhubeka nokulungisa.

Nje ukuba iiseli zonakaliswe, ziqala ukuziphatha ngendlela engaqhelekanga, zonyusa amathuba okuba nomhlaza wemiphunga. Umhlaza wemiphunga omncinci weseli uhlala unxulunyaniswa nokutshaya okunzima. Xa uyeka ukutshaya, wehlisa umngcipheko womhlaza wemiphunga ngokuhamba kwexesha.

Ukubonakaliswa kwiradon, irhasi yemvelo esele ikhona, sesona sizathu siphambili, ngokwe-American Lung Association.

URadon ungena kwizakhiwo ngokusebenzisa iintanda ezincinci kwisiseko. Abatshayayo abasesichengeni se-radon banomngcipheko ophezulu kakhulu womhlaza wemiphunga.

Ukuphefumla kwezinye izinto ezinobungozi, ngakumbi ixesha elide, kunokubangela nomhlaza wemiphunga. Uhlobo lomhlaza wemiphunga obizwa ngokuba yi-mesothelioma phantse lonke lubangelwa kukuvezwa yi-asbestos.

Ezinye izinto ezinokubangela umhlaza wemiphunga zezi:

• iarsenic
• ikadiyam
• chromium
• nickel
• ezinye iimveliso zepetroleum
• uranium

Ukutshintsha kwemfuza okunokuzuzwa kungenza ukuba ube nakho ukukhula umhlaza wemiphunga, ngakumbi ukuba uyatshaya okanye uvezwe kwezinye i-carcinogens.

Ngamanye amaxesha, akukho sizathu sibonakalayo somhlaza wemiphunga.

Funda nzulu malunga nento ebangela umhlaza wemiphunga »

Amanqanaba omhlaza wemiphunga

Amanqanaba omhlaza axela ukuba umhlaza sele usasazeke kangakanani kwaye unceda ekukhokeleni unyango.

Ithuba lonyango olunempumelelo okanye lokunyanga liphezulu kakhulu xa umhlaza wemiphunga ufunyanisiwe kwaye wanyangwa kumanqanaba okuqala, ngaphambi kokuba usasazeke. Ngenxa yokuba umhlaza wemiphunga awubangeli zimpawu zibonakalayo kumanqanaba okuqala, ukuxilongwa kuhlala kuza emva kokuba kusasazekile.

Umhlaza wamaphaphu ongekho mncinci unezigaba ezine eziphambili:

• Inqanaba 1: Umhlaza uyafumaneka emphungeni, kodwa awusasazeki ngaphandle kwemiphunga.
• Inqanaba 2: Umhlaza ufumaneka kwimiphunga nakwiindawo ezikufuphi nee-lymph nodes.
• Inqanaba 3: Umhlaza usemiphungeni kunye nee-lymph node embindini wesifuba.
• Inqanaba 3A: Umhlaza ufumaneka kwii-lymph node, kodwa kwicala elinye lesifuba apho umhlaza waqala khona ukukhula.
• Inqanaba 3B: Umhlaza usasazeke kwii-lymph node kwelinye icala lesifuba okanye kwii-lymph node ngaphezulu kwekhola.
• Inqanaba 4: Umhlaza unwenwele kwimiphunga yomibini, kwindawo ejikeleze imiphunga, okanye kwizitho ezikude.

Umhlaza wamaphaphu wamaseli amancinci (i-SCLC) unezigaba ezibini eziphambili. Kwinqanaba elilinganiselweyo, umhlaza ufumaneka kwimiphunga enye okanye kwiindawo ezikufutshane ezikwelinye icala lesifuba.

Inqanaba elibanzi lithetha ukuba umhlaza usasazekile:

• kumphunga omnye
• kwimiphunga eyahlukileyo
• ukuya kwii-lymph node kwelinye icala
• kulwelo olujikeleze umphunga
• kumongo wethambo
• kwizitho ezikude

Ngexesha lokuchongwa, abantu aba-2 kwaba-3 abane-SCLC sele bekwinqanaba elibanzi.

Umhlaza wemiphunga kunye neentlungu zomqolo

Umqolo obuhlungu uqhelekile kuluntu ngokubanzi. Kuyenzeka ukuba ube nomhlaza wemiphunga kunye neentlungu zangasemva ezingahambelaniyo. Uninzi lwabantu abaneentlungu zangasemva abanalo umhlaza wemiphunga.

Akuyena wonke umntu onomdlavuza wamaphaphu ufumana intlungu emva, kodwa abaninzi benza. Kwabanye abantu, iintlungu zangasemva ziya kuba yenye yeempawu zokuqala zomhlaza wemiphunga.

Umqolo obuhlungu unokubangelwa luxinzelelo lwamathumba amakhulu akhula emiphungeni. Ikwanokuthetha ukuba umhlaza usasazekile kumqolo wakho okanye kwiimbambo. Njengoko ikhula, ithumba elinomhlaza linokubangela uxinzelelo lomthambo womqolo.

Oko kungakhokelela ekonakaleni kwe-neurologic okubangela:

• ubuthathaka beengalo nemilenze
• Ukuba ndindisholo okanye ukulahleka kwemvakalelo emilenzeni nasezinyaweni
• ukungahambisani nokuchama kunye nokuhamba kwamathumbu
• ukuphazamiseka kunikezelo lwegazi lomqolo

Ngaphandle konyango, iintlungu zomqolo ezibangelwa ngumhlaza ziya kuqhubeka zisiba mandundu. Intlungu ebuyayo inokuphucula ukuba unyango olunjengokuhlinzwa, i-radiation, okanye i-chemotherapy ingasusa ngempumelelo okanye iyanciphise i-tumor.

Ukongeza, ugqirha wakho angasebenzisa i-corticosteroids okanye anike amayeza okuphelisa iintlungu ezinje nge-acetaminophen kunye ne-nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAIDs). Ngentlungu eyoyikekayo, iiopioid ezinjenge morphine okanye ioxycodone zinokufuneka.

Imingcipheko yomhlaza wemiphunga

Umngcipheko omkhulu womhlaza wemiphunga kukutshaya. Oku kubandakanya iisigarethi, iicigars kunye nemibhobho. Kwimveliso yecuba kukho amawakawaka ezinto eziyityhefu.

Ngokutsho kwecuba, abo batshaya imidiza banamathuba angama-15 ukuya kwangama-30 okufumana umhlaza wemiphunga kunabantu abangatshayiyo. Okukhona usitshaya, kokukhona lithuba elikhulu lokuba nomhlaza wemiphunga. Ukuyeka ukutshaya kunokuwunciphisa umngcipheko.

Ukuphefumla umsi wecuba lomnye umntu nako kuyingozi enkulu. Nyaka ngamnye eUnited States, malunga nabantu abangama-7 300 abangazange batshaye bafa ngumhlaza wemiphunga obangelwa ngumsi wecuba.

Ukubonakaliswa kwi-radon, igesi eyenzeka ngokwemvelo, kwandisa umngcipheko womhlaza wemiphunga. I-Radon inyuka emhlabeni, ingena kwizakhiwo ngeentanda ezincinci. Ngoyena nobangela uphambili womhlaza wemiphunga kubantu abangatshayiyo. Uvavanyo olulula lwasekhaya lunokukuxelela ukuba inqanaba leradon ekhayeni lakho liyingozi.

Umngcipheko wokuba nomhlaza wemiphunga uphezulu ukuba uboniswa zizinto ezinetyhefu ezinje nge-asbestos okanye idizili ekhutshwayo emsebenzini.

Ezinye izinto ezinobungozi zibandakanya:

• Imbali yosapho yomhlaza wemiphunga
• Imbali yobuqu yomhlaza wemiphunga, ngakumbi ukuba uyatshaya
• unyango lwangaphambili lwemitha esifubeni

Funda nzulu ngemingcipheko yomhlaza wemiphunga »

Umhlaza wemiphunga kunye nokutshaya

Asingabo bonke abantu abatshayayo abanomdlavuza wemiphunga, kwaye ayinguye wonke umntu onomhlaza wemiphunga otshaya. Kodwa akuthandabuzeki ukuba ukutshaya ngowona mngcipheko mkhulu, obangela umhlaza wemiphunga.

Ukongeza kwimidiza, icuba kunye nokutshaya kombhobho kukwanxulunyaniswa nomhlaza wemiphunga. Okukhona utshaya kwaye uqhubeka utshaya, kokukhona likhulu ithuba lakho lokuba nomhlaza wemiphunga.

Akunyanzelekanga ukuba ube uyatshaya ukuze uchaphazeleke.

Ukuphefumla abanye abantu kwandisa umngcipheko womhlaza wemiphunga. Ngokutsho komsi, ukutshaya okutshaya uxanduva lokufa kwabantu abangama-7,300 ngonyaka e-United States.

Iimveliso zecuba ziqulethe ngaphezu kweekhemikhali ezingama-7,000, kwaye ezingama-70 ubuncinane ziyaziwa ukuba zibangela umhlaza.

Xa uphefumla umsi wecuba, lo mxube weekhemikhali uhanjiswa ngqo kwimiphunga yakho, apho uqala kwangoko ukudala umonakalo.

Imiphunga inakho ukulungisa umonakalo ekuqaleni, kodwa ukuqhubeka kwethishu yemiphunga kuba nzima ukulawula. Kulapho iiseli ezonakeleyo zinokuguquka kwaye zikhule zingalawuleki.

Iikhemikhali ozingenisayo nazo zingena kwigazi lakho kwaye ziqhutywa kuwo wonke umzimba wakho, zandisa umngcipheko wezinye iintlobo zomhlaza.

Abantu ababetshaya ngaphambili basemngciphekweni wokuba nomhlaza wemiphunga, kodwa ukuyeka ukuwunciphisa loo mngcipheko kakhulu. Kwiminyaka eli-10 yokuyeka, umngcipheko wokufa ngenxa yomhlaza wemiphunga wehla ngesiqingatha.

Funda nzulu malunga nezinye izizathu zomhlaza wemiphunga »

Ukuchonga umhlaza wemiphunga

Emva kovavanyo lomzimba, ugqirha wakho uza kukuxelela indlela yokulungiselela iimvavanyo ezithile, ezinje:

• Ukujonga iimvavanyoUbunzima obungaqhelekanga bunokubonakala kwi-X-ray, kwi-MRI, kwi-CT nakwi-PET. Ezi skena zivelisa iinkcukacha kwaye zifumana izilonda ezincinci.
• Isikhohlela cytology: Ukuba uvelisa i-phlegm xa ukhohlela, uvavanyo lwe-microscopic lunokumisela ukuba ngaba iiseli zomhlaza zikhona na.

I-biopsy inokumisela ukuba iiseli zethumba zinomhlaza. Isampuli yethishu inokufunyanwa ngu:

• Bronchoscopy: Ngelixa uphantsi kwesilaliso, ityhubhu ekhanyisiweyo igqithiselwa ezantsi emqaleni nasemiphungeni yakho, ivumela uvavanyo olusondeleyo.
• I-Mediastinoscopy: Ugqirha wenza intambo emazantsi entamo. Isixhobo esikhanyisiweyo sifakiwe kwaye izixhobo zotyando zisetyenziselwa ukuthatha iisampulu kwii-lymph node. Ngokuqhelekileyo kwenziwa esibhedlele phantsi kwe-anesthesia jikelele.
• Inaliti: Usebenzisa uvavanyo lokucinga njengesikhokelo, inaliti ifakwe kudonga lwesifuba nakwizicubu zemiphunga ezikrokrisayo. I-biopsy yenaliti ingasetyenziselwa ukuvavanya ii-lymph node.

Iisampulu zeethishu zithunyelwa kugqirha wezifo kuhlalutyo. Ukuba iziphumo zilungile kumhlaza, ukuvavanywa okuthe kratya, njengokuvavanywa kwamathambo, kunokunceda ekuqinisekiseni ukuba umhlaza sele usasazekile kwaye uncede ekubekeni.

Kolu vavanyo, uya kutofelwa ngemichiza eqhumayo. Iindawo ezingaqhelekanga zethambo ziya kuthi ke kamva ziqaqanjiswe kwimifanekiso. Ukuskena i-MRI, i-CT, kunye ne-PET kukwasetyenziselwa ukubeka esiteji.

Funda nzulu malunga nokuba ufumanisa njani umhlaza wemiphunga »

Unyango lomhlaza wemiphunga

Ngokuqhelekileyo ngumbono olungileyo ukufuna uluvo lwesibini ngaphambi kokuqala unyango. Ugqirha wakho unokukwazi ukukunceda ukuba kwenzeke. Ukuba ufumanisa ukuba unomdlavuza wamaphaphu, ukhathalelo lwakho luya kulawulwa liqela loogqirha abanokubandakanya:

• ugqirha ogqwesileyo esifubeni nasemiphungeni (ugqirha wobugorha)
• ingcali yemiphunga (ugqirha wamaphaphu)
• ugqirha wezamayeza oncologist
• i-oncologist yemitha

Xoxa ngalo lonke unyango lwakho ngaphambi kokuba uthathe isigqibo. Oogqirha bakho baya kulungelelanisa ukhathalelo kwaye bagcinane benolwazi.

Unyango lomhlaza wamaphaphu ongekho mncinci (NSCLC) uyahluka kuye komnye umntu. Kuxhomekeka kwiinkcukacha ezithile zempilo yakho.

Inqanaba 1 NSCLCUtyando lokususa inxenye yemiphunga inokuba yiyo yonke into oyifunayo. I-Chemotherapy inokucetyiswa, ngakumbi ukuba usemngciphekweni omkhulu wokuphindeka.

Inqanaba 2 NSCLC: Kuya kufuneka utyando ukuze ususe inxenye okanye yonke imiphunga yakho. I-Chemotherapy ihlala icetyiswa.

Inqanaba 3 NSCLC: Unokufuna indibaniselwano yechemotherapy, utyando, kunye nonyango lwemitha.

Inqanaba 4 NSCLC kunzima kakhulu ukunyanga. Izinketho zibandakanya ukuhlinzwa, i-radiation, i-chemotherapy, unyango olujoliswe kuyo, kunye ne-immunotherapy.

Izinketho zomhlaza omncinci wesifo semiphunga (NSCLC) zikwabandakanya utyando, ichemotherapy, kunye nonyango lwemitha. Kwiimeko ezininzi, umhlaza uya kuba phambili kakhulu kuqhaqho.

Uvavanyo lwezonyango lubonelela ngonyango olutsha oluthembisayo. Buza ugqirha wakho ukuba ukulungele na uvavanyo lwezonyango.

Abanye abantu abanomdlavuza wamaphaphu ophezulu bakhetha ukungaqhubeki nonyango. Usenokukhetha unyango olunonophelayo, olujolise ekunyangeni iimpawu zomhlaza kunokuba ngumhlaza ngokwawo.

Funda nzulu malunga nolunye unyango lomhlaza wemiphunga »

Unyango lwasekhaya lweempawu zomhlaza wemiphunga

Unyango lwasekhaya kunye nonyango lwe-homeopathic aluyi kuwunyanga umhlaza. Kodwa amayeza athile asekhaya anokunceda ukukhulula ezinye zeempawu ezinxulumene nomhlaza wemiphunga kunye neziphumo zonyango.

Buza ugqirha wakho ukuba ngaba kufuneka uthathe izongezo zokutya kwaye ukuba kunjalo, zeziphi. Amanye amayeza, izicatshulwa zezityalo, kunye namanye amayeza asekhaya anokuphazamisa unyango kwaye abeke impilo yakho engozini. Qiniseka ukuba uxoxa ngazo zonke iindlela zonyango ezongezelelekileyo nogqirha wakho ukuze uqiniseke ukuba zikhuselekile kuwe.

Izinketho zingaquka:

• UkuphululaNgonyango olufanelekileyo, ukuphulula kunceda ekuthomalaliseni iintlungu noxinzelelo. Abanye be-massage Therapists baqeqeshelwe ukusebenza nabantu abanomhlaza.
• UnyangoXa kusenziwa ngugqirha oqeqeshiweyo, ukwenza i-acupuncture kunokunceda ukunciphisa iintlungu, isicaphucaphu kunye nokugabha. Kodwa akukhuselekanga ukuba unezibalo eziphantsi zegazi okanye uthatha izinciphisi zegazi.
• UkucamngcaUkuphumla kunye nokubonakalisa kunokunciphisa uxinzelelo kunye nokuphucula umgangatho wobomi kwizigulana ezinomhlaza.
• Unyango: Kukunceda uphumle kwaye unokunceda isicaphucaphu, iintlungu kunye noxinzelelo.
• YogaUkudibanisa iindlela zokuphefumla, ukucamngca kunye nokuzolula, iyoga inokukunceda uzive ungcono ngokubanzi kwaye uphucule ukulala.

Abanye abantu abanomhlaza bajikela kwioyile ye-cannabis. Inokufakwa kwioyile yokupheka ukuze ubambe emlonyeni wakho okanye udibanise nokutya. Okanye umphunga unokutsalwa. Oku kunokunciphisa isicaphucaphu kunye nokugabha kunye nokuphucula ukutya. Izifundo zabantu ziyasilela kwaye imithetho yokusetyenziswa kweoyile ye-cannabis iyahluka ukusuka kurhulumente ukuya kwilizwe.

Iziphakamiso zokutya kubantu abanomdlavuza wamaphaphu

Akukho kutya ngokukodwa umhlaza wemiphunga. Kubalulekile ukufumana zonke izondlo-mzimba ezifunwa ngumzimba wakho.

Ukuba unqongophele kwiivithamini okanye iiminerali ezithile, ugqirha wakho unokukucebisa ukuba zeziphi ukutya ezinokubanika. Ngaphandle koko, uya kufuna isongezelelo sokutya. Musa ukuthatha izongezo ngaphandle kokuthetha nogqirha wakho kuba ezinye zinokuphazamisa unyango.

Nazi iingcebiso ezimbalwa malunga nokutya:

• Yitya nanini xa unomdla wokutya.
• Ukuba awunawo umdla omkhulu, zama ukutya ukutya okuncinci imini yonke.
• Ukuba ufuna ukutyeba, yongeza iswekile esezantsi, ukutya okunekhalori ezininzi kunye neziselo.
• Sebenzisa i-mint kunye ne-ginger teas ukuphucula inkqubo yakho yokutya.
• Ukuba isisu sakho sicaphuka msinya okanye unezilonda zomlomo, thintela izinongo kwaye unamathele kukutya okungafunekiyo.
• Ukuba ukuqhina kuyingxaki, yongeza ukutya okunefayibha ephezulu.

Njengoko uqhubeka kunyango, ukunyamezelana kwakho nokutya okuthile kunokutshintsha. Ngokunjalo neziphumo zakho ebezingalindelekanga kunye neemfuno zesondlo. Kufanelekile ukuxoxa ngesondlo kunye nogqirha wakho rhoqo. Unokucela kwakhona ukuthunyelwa kwisondlo okanye isondlo sokutya.

Akukho kutya kwaziwa njengokunyanga umhlaza, kodwa ukutya okunesondlo okunokukunceda ukuba ulwe neziphumo ebezingalindelekanga kwaye uzive ungcono.

Nantsi indlela yokuhlangabezana neemfuno zakho zokutya ukuba unomdlavuza wemiphunga »

Umhlaza wemiphunga kunye nexesha lokuphila

Nje ukuba umhlaza ungene kwii-lymph node nasegazini, unokusasazeka naphina emzimbeni. Imbonakalo ilungile xa unyango luqala ngaphambi kokuba umhlaza usasazeke ngaphandle kwemiphunga.

Ezinye izinto zibandakanya ubudala, impilo iyonke, kunye nendlela osabela ngayo kunyango. Ngenxa yokuba iimpawu zokuqala zinokungahoywa ngokulula, umhlaza wemiphunga uhlala ufumaneka kwizigaba ezilandelayo.

Amaxabiso okusinda kunye namanye amanani abonisa umfanekiso obanzi wento onokuyilindela. Umahluko ubalulekile ngokwahlukeneyo, nangona kunjalo. Ugqirha wakho usesikhundleni esifanelekileyo sokuxoxa ngembono yakho.

Iinkcukacha-manani zokusinda ezikhoyo azixeleli lonke ibali. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, unyango olutsha luvunyiwe kwinqanaba lesine lomhlaza wesifo somhlaza wamaphaphu (NSCLC). Abanye abantu baphila ixesha elide kunangaphambili.

Oku kulandelayo kukuqikelelwa kweminyaka emihlanu yokusinda kwe-NSCLC ngenqanaba le-SEER:

• Indawo: Iipesenti ezingama-60
• Ummandla: iipesenti ezingama-33
• Ukude: iipesenti ezi-6
• Zonke izigaba ze-SEER: iipesenti ezingama-23

Umhlaza wemiphunga wamaseli amancinci (i-SCLC) unobundlobongela. Kwinqanaba le-SCLC elilinganiselweyo, izinga lokusinda leminyaka emihlanu li. Ukusinda eMedian ziinyanga ezili-16 ukuya kwezi-24. Ukusinda kweMedian kwinqanaba elibanzi le-SCLC ziinyanga ezintandathu ukuya kwezili-12.

Ukuhlala ixesha elide ngaphandle kwezifo kunqabile. Ngaphandle konyango, ukusinda okuphakathi kokuchongwa kwe-SCLC ziinyanga ezimbini ukuya kwezine kuphela.

Isilinganiselo seminyaka emihlanu sokusinda kwi-mesothelioma, uhlobo lomhlaza obangelwa yi-asbestos exposure, li-5 ukuya kwi-10 ekhulwini.

Funda nzulu malunga nesifo somhlaza wesifo somhlaza esingeyonto incinci »

Iinyani kunye namanani malunga nomhlaza wemiphunga

Umhlaza wemiphunga ngumhlaza oqhelekileyo ehlabathini. Ngokwe-American Lung Association, bekukho i-2.1 yezigidi zamatyala amatsha kwi-2018, kunye ne-1.8 yezigidi zokusweleka ngenxa yomhlaza wemiphunga.

Uhlobo oluqhelekileyo ngumhlaza wesifo semiphunga ongekho mncinci (NSCLC), obala iipesenti ezingama-80 ukuya kuma-85 zawo onke amatyala, ngokwe-Lung Cancer Alliance.

Umhlaza wamaphaphu wamaseli amancinci (i-SCLC) umele malunga neepesenti ezili-15 ukuya kuma-20 zepesenti zomhlaza wemiphunga. Ngexesha lokuchongwa, abantu aba-2 kwaba-3 abane-SCLC sele bekwinqanaba elibanzi.

Nabani na onokufumana umhlaza wemiphunga, kodwa ukutshaya okanye ukubhencwa kukutshaya okulandelayo kunxulunyaniswa neepesenti ezingama-90 zamatyala omhlaza wemiphunga. Ngokutsho kwecuba, abo batshaya imidiza banamathuba angama-15 ukuya kwangama-30 okufumana umhlaza wemiphunga kunabantu abangatshayiyo.

EUnited States, nyaka ngamnye abantu abamalunga nama-7 300 abangazange batshaye babulawa ngumhlaza wemiphunga obangelwa ngumsi wecuba.

Abantu ababetshaya ngaphambili basemngciphekweni wokuba nomhlaza wemiphunga, kodwa ukuyeka ukuwuthoba kungabunciphisa kakhulu ubungozi. Kwiminyaka elishumi yokuyeka, umngcipheko wokufa ngumhlaza wemiphunga.

Iimveliso zecuba ziqulethe ngaphezu kweekhemikhali ezingama-7,000. Ubuncinci i-70 yaziwa ngokuba yi-carcinogens.

Ngokwe-Arhente yokuKhuselwa kokusiNgqongileyo e-US (i-EPA), i-radon inoxanduva lokufa kwabantu abangama-21,000 minyaka le e-United States. Phantse i-2,900 yokufa kwenzeka phakathi kwabantu abangazange batshaye.

Abantu abamnyama basemngciphekweni omkhulu wokukhula nokufa ngenxa yomhlaza wemiphunga kunolunye uhlanga kunye nobuhlanga.