Umhlaza wemiphunga: Iindidi, amaxabiso okusinda, kunye nokunye

Umxholo

• Iintlobo zomhlaza wemiphunga
• Umhlaza wamaphaphu ongaqhelekanga (NSCLC)
• Umhlaza wesifo somhlaza omncinci (SCLC)
• Umhlaza wemiphunga kunye nesini
• Umhlaza wemiphunga kunye nobudala
• Umhlaza wemiphunga kunye nohlanga
• Amaxabiso okusinda
• Umhlaza wamaphaphu ongaqhelekanga (NSCLC)
• Umhlaza wesifo somhlaza omncinci (SCLC)
• Imbonakalo

Ushwankathelo

Umhlaza wemiphunga ngumhlaza wesibini oqhelekileyo kumadoda nabasetyhini baseMelika. Ikwangunobangela ophambili wokusweleka okunxulumene nomhlaza kumadoda nabasetyhini baseMelika. Esinye kwisine sokufa okunxulumene nomhlaza sivela kumhlaza wemiphunga.

Ukutshaya icuba ngoyena nobangela uphambili womhlaza wemiphunga. Amadoda atshayayo ngamathuba angama-23 okuba nomhlaza wemiphunga. Abafazi abatshayayo banamathuba ali-13 ngakumbi, xa kuthelekiswa nabangatshayiyo.

Phantse iipesenti ezili-14 zamatyala omhlaza omtsha eUnited States ngamatyala omhlaza wemiphunga. Oko kulingana nama-234,030 amatyala amatsha omhlaza wemiphunga minyaka le.

Iintlobo zomhlaza wemiphunga

Zimbini iintlobo eziphambili zomhlaza wemiphunga:

Umhlaza wamaphaphu ongaqhelekanga (NSCLC)

Olu lolona hlobo luqhelekileyo lomhlaza wemiphunga. Phantse iipesenti ezingama-85 zabantu abafunyaniswe benomhlaza wemiphunga unyaka nonyaka bane-NSCLC.

Oogqirha bayahlulahlula i-NSCLC ngokwamanqanaba. Amanqanaba abhekisa kwindawo kunye nomlinganiso womhlaza, kwaye uchaphazele indlela ophathwa ngayo umhlaza wakho.

Umhlaza wesifo somhlaza omncinci (SCLC)

Ngaphantsi okuqhelekileyo kune-NSCLC, i-SCLC ifunyaniswa kuphela kwiipesenti ezili-10 ukuya kwezi-15 zabantu abafunyaniswa benomhlaza wemiphunga. Olu hlobo lomhlaza wemiphunga lukhohlakele ngakumbi kune-NSCLC kwaye lunokusasazeka ngokukhawuleza. I-SCLC ngamanye amaxesha ibizwa ngokuba ngumhlaza weseli ye-oat.

Oogqirha babela izigaba kwi-SCLC besebenzisa iindlela ezimbini ezahlukeneyo. Eyokuqala yinkqubo yokumisela i-TNM. I-TNM imele ithumba, i-lymph node, kunye ne-metastasis. Ugqirha wakho uya kunika inani kwicandelo ngalinye ukunceda ukumisela inqanaba le-SCLC yakho.

Ngokuqhelekileyo umhlaza wesifo somhlaza wamaphaphu ukwahlulahlula kwinqanaba elincinci okanye elibanzi. Inqanaba elilinganiselweyo kuxa umhlaza uvalelwe kwimiphunga enye kwaye unokusasazeka kwii-lymph node ezikufutshane. Kodwa khange ihambele kwimiphunga echaseneyo okanye kwizitho ezikude.

Inqanaba elibanzi kuxa umhlaza ufumaneka kwimiphunga yomibini kwaye unokufumaneka kwii-lymph node ngapha nangapha komzimba. Inokuthi isasaze nakwizitho ezikude kubandakanya umongo wethambo.

Ngenxa yokuba inkqubo yokubeka umhlaza wemiphunga inzima, kuya kufuneka ubuze ugqirha wakho ukuba achaze inqanaba lakho kwaye kuthetha ntoni kuwe. Ukufumanisa kwangoko yeyona ndlela ilungileyo yokuphucula indlela ojonga ngayo.

Umhlaza wemiphunga kunye nesini

Amadoda kunokwenzeka ukuba afunyaniswe enomhlaza wemiphunga kunabafazi, ngomda omncinci. Malunga ne-121,680 yamadoda afunyaniswa e-United States minyaka le. Kubafazi, eli nani limalunga ne-112,350 ngonyaka.

Lo mkhwa ubambelela ekufeni okunxulumene nomhlaza wemiphunga, nawo. Phantse abantu abayi-154,050 eUnited States baya kufa ngumhlaza wemiphunga unyaka nonyaka. Kwelo nani, ama-83,550 ngamadoda, kwaye ama-70 500 ngabasetyhini.

Ukubeka loo mbono, ithuba lokuba umntu abe nomhlaza wemiphunga ebomini bakhe li-1 kwaba-15. Kwabasetyhini, elo thuba li-1 kwi-17.

Umhlaza wemiphunga kunye nobudala

Baninzi abantu ababulawa ngumhlaza wemiphunga minyaka le kunokubangelwa ngumhlaza wamabele, wekholon kunye nowomhlaza wedlala lendlala. Umyinge weminyaka yokuxilongwa komhlaza wemiphunga ngama-70, uninzi lwesifo kubantu abadala abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-65. Inani elincinci kakhulu lokuxilongwa komhlaza wemiphunga lwenziwa kubantu abadala abangaphantsi kweminyaka engama-45.

Umhlaza wemiphunga kunye nohlanga

Amadoda amnyama anepesenti ezingama-20 kunokwenzeka ukuba abe nomhlaza wemiphunga kunamadoda amhlophe. Iqondo lokuchongwa kwabasetyhini abamnyama limalunga neepesenti ezili-10 ezantsi kunabafazi abamhlophe. Inani elipheleleyo lamadoda afunyaniswe enesifo somhlaza wemiphunga lisephezulu kunenani labasetyhini abamnyama kunye nabasetyhini abamhlophe abafunyaniswe benesi sifo.

Amaxabiso okusinda

Umhlaza wemiphunga luhlobo olubi kakhulu lomhlaza. Ihlala ibulala abantu abafunyaniswa benayo. Kodwa iyatshintsha kancinci.

Abantu abafunyaniswa benomhlaza wamaphaphu kwinqanaba lokuqala basinda kumanani akhulayo. Abantu abangaphezu kwama-430,000 abafunyenwe benomhlaza wemiphunga ngaxa lithile basaphila namhlanje.

Uhlobo ngalunye kunye nenqanaba lomhlaza wemiphunga unenqanaba lokusinda elahlukileyo. Umgangatho wokusinda ngumlinganiso wokuba bangaphi abantu abaphilayo ngexesha elithile emva kokuba befunyanisiwe.

Umzekelo, izinga lokusinda komhlaza wemiphunga iminyaka emihlanu likuxelela ukuba bangaphi abantu abaphila iminyaka emihlanu emva kokuba befunyaniswe benomhlaza wemiphunga.

Khumbula ukuba amazinga okusinda aqikelelwa kuphela, kwaye wonke umntu uphendula kwisifo kunye nonyango lwaso ngokwahlukileyo. Ukuba ufumene ukuba unomdlavuza wamaphaphu, izinto ezininzi ziya kuchaphazela indlela ojonga ngayo, kubandakanya inqanaba lakho, isicwangciso sonyango, kunye nempilo iyonke.

Umhlaza wamaphaphu ongaqhelekanga (NSCLC)

Inqanaba lokusinda leminyaka emihlanu le-NSCLC lahlukile ngokuxhomekeke kwinqanaba lesifo.

Yonke idatha ngoncedo lweAmerican Cancer Society

Umhlaza wesifo somhlaza omncinci (SCLC)

Njengakwi-NSCLC, izinga lokusinda leminyaka emihlanu kubantu abane-SCLC liyahluka ngokuxhomekeke kwinqanaba le-SCLC.

Yonke idatha ngoncedo lweAmerican Cancer Society

Imbonakalo

Ukuba ulugqiba unyango kwaye ubhengezwe ungenawo umhlaza, ugqirha wakho uya kufuna ukuba ugcine uhlolo rhoqo. Kungenxa yokuba umhlaza, nokuba uqale wanyangwa ngempumelelo, unokubuya. Ngenxa yeso sizathu, emva kokuba unyango lugqityiwe uya kuqhubeka nokulandela i-oncologist yakho ixesha lokujonga.

Ixesha lokujonga liya kuhlala iminyaka emi-5 kuba umngcipheko wokuphindaphinda uphezulu kwiminyaka emihlanu yokuqala emva konyango. Umngcipheko wokuphindaphinda uya kuxhomekeka kuhlobo lomhlaza wemiphunga onawo kunye nenqanaba lokufumanisa isifo.

Nje ukuba ugqibezele unyango lwakho, lindela ukubona ugqirha wakho ubuncinci kwiinyanga ezintandathu kwiminyaka emibini ukuya kwemi-3 yokuqala. Ukuba, emva kwelo xesha, ugqirha wakho akalubonanga naluphi na utshintsho okanye iindawo ezixhalabisayo, banokucebisa ukunciphisa ukutyelelwa kwakho kube kanye ngonyaka. Umngcipheko wokuphindaphinda uyancipha ekufumaneni kwakho unyango lwakho.

Ngexesha lotyelelo olulandelayo, ugqirha wakho unokucela iimvavanyo zokucinga ngokujonga ukubuya komhlaza okanye ukukhula komhlaza omtsha. Kubalulekile ukuba ulandele i-oncologist yakho kwaye uxele naziphi na iimpawu ezintsha kwangoko.

Ukuba unomdlavuza wamaphaphu, ugqirha wakho uya kuthetha nawe malunga neendlela zokulawula iimpawu zakho. Ezi mpawu zinokubandakanya:

• intlungu
• ukukhohlela
• intloko ebuhlungu okanye ezinye iimpawu zemithambo-luvo
• iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zalo naluphi na unyango