Usasazeka njani umhlaza wesibindi: Into ekufuneka uyazi

Umxholo

• Usasazeka njani umhlaza wesibindi?
• Zithetha ntoni izigaba zomhlaza wesibindi?
• Nguwuphi umahluko phakathi kwenqanaba leklinikhi kunye nenqanaba lezifo?
• Zeziphi iimvavanyo ezinokubonisa ukuba umhlaza wesibindi uyasasazeka?

Imbonakalo yakho kunye nokhetho kunyango lomhlaza wesibindi luxhomekeka kwizinto ezahlukeneyo, kubandakanya nokuba sele isasazeke kangakanani.

Funda ngendlela umhlaza wesibindi osasazeka ngayo, iimvavanyo ezisetyenziselwa ukumisela oku, kunye nokuba lithetha ntoni inqanaba ngalinye.

Usasazeka njani umhlaza wesibindi?

Iiseli emizimbeni yethu zineenkqubo ezilawulwayo zokukhula nokwahlulahlula. Iiseli ezintsha zenziwa endaweni yeeseli ezindala njengoko zisifa. Ngamaxesha athile umonakalo we-DNA uphumela kwimveliso engaqhelekanga yeseli. Kodwa amajoni ethu omzimba enza umsebenzi olungileyo wokuzigcina ziphantsi kolawulo. Yinkqubo esisebenzela kakuhle.

Iiseli zomhlaza azilandeli le migaqo. Inxalenye yokungaqhelekanga kwabo kukuba bayaqhubeka nokuzala kwakhona nangona iiseli ezindala zingafi.

Ukukhula okungalawulekiyo kweeseli ezingaqhelekanga zezona zinto zakha ithumba. Kwaye ngenxa yokuba beqhubeka nokuzala, banoku metastasize (ukusasazeka) kwalapha nakwiindawo ezikude.

Umhlaza wesibindi, njengezinye iintlobo zomhlaza, unokusasazeka ngeendlela ezintathu.

• Ngezicubu. Iiseli zomhlaza ziyaphuma kwithumba lokuqala esibindini kwaye zenze amathumba amatsha kwizicwili ezikufutshane.
• Kwinkqubo ye-lymph. Iiseli zomhlaza zingena kwii-lymph node ezikufutshane. Nje ukuba kwinkqubo ye-lymph, iiseli zomhlaza zingahanjiswa ziye kwezinye iindawo zomzimba.
• Ngenkqubo yokujikeleza kwegazi. Iiseli zomhlaza zingena kwigazi, elibathwala emzimbeni wonke. Naphi na apha endleleni, banokuseka amathumba amatsha kwaye baqhubeke nokukhula nokusasazeka.

Nokuba uphi na umatshini wakho we-metastatic form, usengumhlaza wesibindi kwaye uya kunyangwa.

Zithetha ntoni izigaba zomhlaza wesibindi?

Akukho zivavanyo ziqhelekileyo zomhlaza wesibindi. Kuba ayisoloko ibangela iimpawu okanye iimpawu kumanqanaba okuqala, amathumba esibindi anokukhula abe makhulu kakhulu ngaphambi kokufunyanwa.

Umhlaza wesibindi uhlelwa kusetyenziswa inkqubo ye "TNM":

• T (ithumba) ibonisa ubungakanani besisu sokuqala.
• N (iindawo) ichaza ukubandakanyeka kwe-lymph node.
• M (i-metastasis) imele ukuba kwaye umhlaza umde kangakanani.

Nje ukuba ezi zinto zaziwe, ugqirha wakho unokwabela umhlaza inqanaba ukusuka ku-1 kuye ku-4, kwaye inqanaba lesi-4 lelona lihambele phambili. La manqanaba anokukunika umbono ngokubanzi wento onokuyilindela.

Xa kuziwa kunyango, ngamanye amaxesha oogqirha bahlela umhlaza wesibindi ngokusekwe ekubeni unokususwa na ngotyando:

• Inokuphinda ithengiswe kwakhona okanye iphinde ifakwe. Umhlaza ungasuswa ngokupheleleyo kuqhaqho, okanye ungumgqatswa ofanelekileyo wofakelo lwesibindi.
• Ayinakulinganiswa. Umhlaza awusasazekanga ngaphandle kwesibindi, kodwa awunakususwa ngokupheleleyo. Oku kunokuba ngenxa yokuba umhlaza ufumaneka kwisibindi sonke okanye usondele kakhulu kwimithambo yegazi, imithambo, okanye ezinye izinto ezibalulekileyo ezinje ngemibhobho yenyongo.
• Ayinakusebenza kuphela kwesi sifo sendawo. Umhlaza umncinci kwaye awusasazekanga, kodwa awunguye umgqatswa olungileyo kotyando lwesibindi. Oku kunokuba ngenxa yokuba isibindi sakho asikho sempilweni ngokwaneleyo okanye ngenxa yokuba unezinye iingxaki zempilo ezinokwenza utyando lube yingozi kakhulu.
• Phambili. Umhlaza usasazeke ngaphaya kwesibindi ukuya kwinkqubo ye-lymph okanye kwamanye amalungu. Ayisebenzi.

Umhlaza wesibindi oxhaphakileyo ngumhlaza obuyileyo emva kokuba ulugqibile unyango.

Nguwuphi umahluko phakathi kwenqanaba leklinikhi kunye nenqanaba lezifo?

Uvavanyo lomzimba, uvavanyo lwe-imaging, uvavanyo lwegazi, kunye ne-biopsy zonke zinokusetyenziselwa ukwenza umhlaza wesibindi. Eli nqanaba libizwa ngokuba linqanaba leklinikhi, kwaye iluncedo ekukhetheni uhlobo olululo lonyango.

Isigaba se-pathological sichanekile ngaphezu kwesigaba seklinikhi. Inokumiselwa kuphela emva kotyando. Ngexesha lenkqubo, ugqirha wotyando unokubona ukuba ngaba ukhona na umhlaza ongaphezulu kunokuba unokubonwa kuvavanyo lokucinga. I-lymph node ezikufutshane nazo zingakhangelwa iiseli zomhlaza ukubonelela ngomfanekiso opheleleyo. Isigaba se-pathologic sinokuthi okanye singahluki kwinqanaba leklinikhi.

Zeziphi iimvavanyo ezinokubonisa ukuba umhlaza wesibindi uyasasazeka?

Nje ukuba ufunyaniswe unomhlaza wesibindi, ugqirha wakho uya kuzama ukumisela isigaba, esiya kukwazisa ukuba sihambele phambili kangakanani.

Ngokusekwe kwiimpawu zakho kunye neziphumo zovavanyo lomzimba, ugqirha wakho uya kukhetha iimvavanyo ezifanelekileyo zokucinga ukuze afumane amathumba ongezelelweyo. Ezinye zazo zezi:

• ikhompyuter scan
• umfanekiso-ngqondweni wemagneti (iskena seMRI)
• I-positron emission tomography (iPET scan)
• X-reyi
• Ultrasound
• i-biopsy ye-tumor, enokukunceda ukufumanisa indlela umhlaza onamandla ngayo kwaye ukuba kunokwenzeka ukuba usasazeke ngokukhawuleza

Ukuba ulugqibile unyango, ezi mvavanyo zingasetyenziselwa ukujonga ukuphindeka.