Yonke into ekufuneka uyazi ngesifo seLyme

Umxholo

• Siyintoni isifo seLyme?
• Iimpawu zesifo seLyme
• Iimpawu zesifo seLyme ebantwaneni
• Unyango lwezifo zeLyme
• Isifo seLyme
• Iimpawu zesifo sePost-Lyme
• Ngaba isifo seLyme siyosulela?
• Izigaba zesifo seLyme
• Inqanaba loku-1: Izifo zasekuqaleni
• Inqanaba 2: Ukusasazwa kwangoko kwesifo seLyme
• Inqanaba 3: Ukusasazeka kwesifo seLyme emva kwexesha
• Ukuxilongwa kwesifo seLyme
• Uthintelo lwesifo seLyme
• Isifo seLyme sibangela
• Ukuhanjiswa kwesifo seLyme
• Ukuphila nesifo seLyme
• Uvavanyo lokukhathaza isifo seLyme

Sibandakanya iimveliso esicinga ukuba ziluncedo kubafundi bethu. Ukuba uthenga amakhonkco kweli phepha, sinokufumana ikhomishini encinci. Nantsi inkqubo yethu.

Siyintoni isifo seLyme?

Isifo seLyme sisifo esosulelayo esibangelwa yintsholongwane IBorrelia burgdorferi. B. burgdorferi idluliselwa ebantwini ngokulunywa ngumnwe omnyama okanye amakhalane amaxhama. Ikhalane liyosuleleka emva kokutyisa amaxhama, iintaka, okanye iimpuku.

Ikhalane kufuneka libekhona kulusu kangangeeyure ezingama-36 ukudlulisa usulelo. Abantu abaninzi abanesifo seLyme abanankumbulo yokulunywa ngamakhalane.

Isifo seLyme saqala ukubonwa kwidolophu yaseOld Lyme, eConnecticut, ngo1975. Sisifo esixhaphakileyo esikhatshwa yimikhaza eYurophu naseMelika.

Abantu abahlala okanye abachitha ixesha kwiindawo ezinamaplanga ezaziwa ngokuhambisa esi sifo kunokwenzeka ukuba basifumane esi sifo. Abantu abanezilwanyana ezifuywayo eziya kwiindawo ezinamaplanga banomngcipheko ophezulu wokufumana isifo seLyme.

Iimpawu zesifo seLyme

Abantu abanesifo seLyme banokusabela kuso ngokwahlukileyo, kwaye iimpawu zinokwahluka ngokobunzima.

Nangona isifo seLyme sihlala sahlulwe sangamanqanaba amathathu- ukusasazwa kwasekuqaleni, ukusasazwa kwangoko, kunye nokusasazwa kade- iimpawu zinokugqagqana. Abanye abantu baya kubakho kwinqanaba lesifo kamva ngaphandle kokubonakalisa iimpawu zesifo sangaphambili.

Ezi zezinye zeempawu eziqhelekileyo zesifo seLyme:

• irhashalala ethe tyaba, ejikelezayo ejongeka okwe-ovali ebomvu okanye iliso lenkunzi naphi na emzimbeni wakho
• ukudinwa
• iintlungu ezidibeneyo kunye nokudumba
• iintlungu zemisipha
• intloko ebuhlungu
• ifiva
• ukudumba kwamalungu enkovu
• ukuphazamiseka kokulala
• ubunzima bokugxila

Nxibelelana nomboneleli wakho wezempilo kwangoko ukuba unayo nayiphi na le mpawu.

Fumana okunye malunga neempawu zesifo seLyme.

Iimpawu zesifo seLyme ebantwaneni

Ngokuqhelekileyo abantwana bafumana iimpawu ezifanayo zesifo seLyme njengabantu abadala.

Bahlala benamava:

• ukudinwa
• iintlungu ezidibeneyo kunye nezihlunu
• ifiva
• ezinye iimpawu ezinje ngomkhuhlane

Ezi mpawu zinokwenzeka emva nje kosulelo, okanye iinyanga okanye iminyaka kamva.

Umntwana wakho unokuba nesifo seLyme kwaye angabinayo inkunzi yenkomo yamehlo. Ngokophando lwakwangoko, iziphumo zibonise malunga neepesenti ezingama-89 zabantwana abanerhashalala.

Unyango lwezifo zeLyme

Isifo seLyme siphathwa kakuhle kwinqanaba lokuqala. Unyango lwezifo ezisezindaweni zakwangoko yinkqubo elula yeentsuku ezili-10 ukuya kwezi-14 yeyeza zomlomo zokuphelisa usulelo.

Amayeza asetyenziselwa ukunyanga isifo seLyme aquka:

• I-doxycycline, amoxicillin, okanye i-cefuroxime, ezinyango lokuqala kunyango kubantu abadala nasebantwaneni
• cefuroxime kunye amoxicillin, ezisetyenziselwa ukunyanga abasetyhini abancancisayo okanye abancancisayo

Intravenous (IV) antibiotics zisetyenziselwa ezinye iintlobo zesifo seLyme, kubandakanya nezo zibandakanyeka kwintliziyo okanye kwinkqubo ye-nervous system (CNS).

Emva kokuphucula kunye nokugqiba ikhosi yonyango, ababoneleli ngezempilo baya kutshintshela kwirejimeni yomlomo. Inkqubo epheleleyo yonyango ihlala ithatha iintsuku ezili-14 ukuya kwezi-28.

, uphawu lwasemva kwexesha lwesifo seLyme esinokubakho kwabanye abantu, sinyangwa ngamayeza okubulala iintsholongwane iintsuku ezingama-28.

Isifo seLyme

Ukuba unyangwa isifo seLyme ngamayeza okubulala iintsholongwane kodwa uqhubeke nokufumana iimpawu, kuthiwa sisifo seLyme okanye isifo sonyango lwasemva kwesifo seLyme.

Phantse i-10 ukuya kwi-20 yepesenti yabantu abanesifo seLyme banamava esi sifo, ngokwenqaku lika-2016 elipapashwe kwiNew England Journal of Medicine. Unobangela awaziwa.

Isifo sesifo sePost-Lyme sinokuchaphazela ukuhamba kwakho kunye nezakhono zokuqonda. Unyango lujolise ikakhulu ekupheliseni iintlungu kunye nokungonwabi. Uninzi lwabantu luyachacha, kodwa kungathatha iinyanga okanye iminyaka.

Iimpawu zesifo sePost-Lyme

Iimpawu zesifo seLyme sesifo ziyafana nezo zenzeka kumanqanaba okuqala.

Ezi mpawu zinokubandakanya:

• ukudinwa
• ubunzima bokulala
• amalungu adibeneyo okanye izihlunu
• iintlungu okanye ukudumba kumalungu akho amakhulu, afana namadolo akho, amagxa, okanye iingqiniba
• ubunzima bokugxila kunye neengxaki zeememori zexesha elincinci
• iingxaki zokuthetha

Ngaba isifo seLyme siyosulela?

Akukho bungqina bokuba isifo seLyme siyosulela phakathi kwabantu. Kwakhona, ngokuka, abasetyhini abakhulelweyo abanakho ukugqithisela esi sifo kumntwana wabo ngobisi lwebele.

Isifo seLyme sisifo esibangelwa yintsholongwane edluliselwa ngamakhalane amnyama. Ezi bhaktheriya zifumaneka kulwelo lomzimba, kodwa abukho ubungqina bokuba isifo seLyme sinokusasazeka komnye umntu ngokuthimla, ukukhohlela, okanye ukuncamisa.

Akukho bungqina bokuba isifo seLyme sinokudluliselwa ngesondo okanye ngokudluliselwa ngegazi.

Funda kabanzi malunga nokuba isifo seLyme siyosulela.

Izigaba zesifo seLyme

Isifo seLyme sinokubakho ngamanqanaba amathathu:

• yenziwe kwasekuqaleni
• isasazwe kwangethuba
• ihanjiswe kade

Iimpawu ozifumanayo ziya kuxhomekeka kweliphi inqanaba lesi sifo sikuyo.

Ukuqhubeka kwesifo seLyme kuyahluka ngokwahlukeneyo. Abanye abantu abanayo abadluli kuwo onke amanqanaba amathathu.

Inqanaba loku-1: Izifo zasekuqaleni

Iimpawu zesifo seLyme zihlala ziqala kwiiveki ezi-1 ukuya kwezi-2 emva kokulunywa ngamakhalane. Olunye lweempawu zokuqala zesi sifo kukuphazamiseka kwamehlo kwenkomo.

Irhashalala yenzeka kwindawo yokulunywa ngamakhalane, ngesiqhelo, kodwa hayi rhoqo, njengendawo ebomvu embindini ejikelezwe yindawo ecacileyo enomda wobomvu emphethweni. Isenokuba shushu ekuchukumiseni, kodwa ayibuhlungu kwaye ayirhawuzeli. Olu rash luza kuphela ngokuthe chu kubantu abaninzi.

Igama elisemthethweni lokungxama yi-erythema migrans. I-Erythema migrans kuthiwa luphawu lwesifo seLyme. Nangona kunjalo, abantu abaninzi abanalo olu phawu.

Abanye abantu banerhashalala ebomvu ebomvu, ngelixa abantu abanebala elimnyama banokuba nerhashalala efana nokutyumka.

Ukukhawuleza kunokwenzeka kunye okanye ngaphandle kwenkqubo yentsholongwane okanye iimpawu ezinjengomkhuhlane.

Ezinye iimpawu eziqhelekileyo zibonwa kweli nqanaba lesifo seLyme ziquka:

• Ukugodola
• ifiva
• ukwandisa ii-lymph node
• umqala obuhkungu
• utshintsho lombono
• ukudinwa
• iintlungu zemisipha
• intloko ebuhlungu

Inqanaba 2: Ukusasazwa kwangoko kwesifo seLyme

Isifo seLyme esisasazwa kwangoko sivela kwiiveki ezininzi ukuya kwiinyanga emva kokulunywa ngamakhalane.

Uya kuba nemvakalelo ngokubanzi yokungaphili, kwaye irhashalala inokuvela kwezinye iindawo ngaphandle kokulunywa ngamakhalane.

Eli nqanaba lesi sifo ikakhulu libonakaliswa bubungqina benkqubo yosulelo, oko kuthetha ukuba usulelo luye lwasasazeka emzimbeni wonke, kubandakanya namanye amalungu.

Iimpawu zingabandakanya:

• izilonda ezininzi ze-erythema multiforme (EM)
• Ukuphazamiseka kwisingqi sentliziyo, esinokubangelwa yiLyme carditis
• iimeko ze-neurologic, ezinjenge-numbness, ukubetha, ubuso kunye ne-cranial palsies ne-meningitis

Iimpawu zenqanaba loku-1 nele-2 zinokudibana.

Inqanaba 3: Ukusasazeka kwesifo seLyme emva kwexesha

Ukusasazeka kade kwesifo seLyme kwenzeka xa usulelo lungakhange lunyangwe kwinqanaba lokuqala nele-2. Inqanaba lesi-3 linokwenzeka kwiinyanga okanye kwiminyaka emva kokulunywa ngamakhalane.

Eli nqanaba libonakaliswe ngu:

• isifo samathambo elinye okanye ngaphezulu kwamalungu amakhulu
• ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo, njenge-encephalopathy, enokubangela ukulahleka kwememori yexesha elifutshane, ubunzima bokugxila, inkungu yengqondo, iingxaki ngokulandela incoko kunye nokuphazamiseka kokulala
• Ukuba ndindisholo ezingalweni, emilenzeni, ezandleni okanye ezinyaweni

Ukuxilongwa kwesifo seLyme

Ukuchonga isifo seLyme kuqala ngophononongo lwembali yakho yezempilo, ebandakanya ukukhangela iingxelo zokulunywa ngamakhalane okanye indawo yokuhlala.

Umboneleli wakho wezononophelo lwempilo uya kwenza uvavanyo lomzimba ukuze akhangele ubukho bokukhawuleza okanye ezinye iimpawu zesifo seLyme.

Ukuvavanywa ngexesha losulelo lwasekhaya akukhuthazwa.

Uvavanyo lwegazi luthembeke kakhulu kwiiveki ezimbalwa emva kosulelo lokuqala, xa kukho ii-antibodies. Umboneleli wakho wezempilo unokuyalela ezi mvavanyo zilandelayo:

• Uvavanyo lwe-immunosorbent edityaniswe ne-enzyme (ELISA) lusetyenziselwa ukukhangela ii-antibodies ezichaseneyo B. burgdorferi.
• I-blot yaseNtshona isetyenziselwa ukuqinisekisa uvavanyo oluhle lwe-ELISA. Ijonga ubukho beentsholongwane B. burgdorferi iiproteni.
• isetyenziselwa ukuvavanya abantu abane-Lyme arthritis engapheliyo okanye iimpawu zenkqubo ye-nervous. Iyenziwa kulwelo oludibeneyo okanye ulwelo lwe-cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Uvavanyo lwe-PCR kwi-CSF yokufumanisa isifo seLyme alucetyiswa rhoqo ngenxa yokuziva uphantsi. Uvavanyo olubi alukhupheli ngaphandle isifo. Ngokwahlukileyo uninzi lwabantu luya kuba neziphumo eziqinisekileyo ze-PCR kulwelo oludibeneyo ukuba kuvavanywa ngaphambi konyango lonyango.

Uthintelo lwesifo seLyme

Ukuthintela isifo seLyme ikakhulu kubandakanya ukunciphisa umngcipheko wokufumana ukulunywa likhalane.

Thatha la manyathelo alandelayo ukunqanda ukulunywa ngamakhalane:

• Nxiba iibhulukhwe ezinde kunye neehempe ezinemikhono emide xa ungaphandle.
• Yenza iyadi yakho ingathandani namakhalane ngokususa iindawo ezinamaplanga, ukugcina i-underbrush incinci, kunye nokubeka iiplanga kwiindawo ezinelanga elininzi.
• Sebenzisa izinto ezigxotha izinambuzane. Inye ene-10% ye-DEET iya kukukhusela malunga neeyure ezi-2. Sukusebenzisa i-DEET ngaphezulu kokufunekayo ngexesha oza kuba ngaphandle, kwaye ungayisebenzisi ezandleni zabantwana abancinci okanye ebusweni babantwana abangaphantsi kweenyanga ezi-2 ubudala.
• Ioyile ye-eucalyptus yelamuni inika ukhuselo olufanayo njenge-DEET xa isetyenziswa koxinzelelo olufanayo. Akufanele isetyenziswe kubantwana abangaphantsi kweminyaka emi-3 ubudala.
• Qaphela. Jonga abantwana bakho, izilwanyana zasekhaya kunye nawe. Ukuba unesifo seLyme, sukucinga ukuba awunakuphinda wosuleleke. Unokufumana isifo seLyme ngaphezu kwesinye.
• Susa amakhalane nge-tweezers. Faka isicelo se-tweezers ecaleni kwentloko okanye emlonyeni wethiki kwaye utsale kakuhle. Jonga ukuqiniseka ukuba onke amalungu ekhalane asusiwe.

Nxibelelana nomboneleli wakho wezoncedo lwezempilo ukuba ngaba nangaliphi na ixesha ikhakana likuluma okanye abo ubathandayo.

Funda kabanzi malunga nendlela yokuthintela isifo seLyme xa umkhaza uluma.

Isifo seLyme sibangela

Isifo seLyme sibangelwa yintsholongwane IBorrelia burgdorferi (kwaye kunqabile, IBorrelia mayonii).

B. burgdorferi ebantwini ngokulunywa yingcongconi emnyama enesifo, ekwabizwa ngokuba likhalane lexhama.

Ngokwe-CDC, amakhalane amnyama asulelekileyo ahambisa isifo seLyme eMantla mpuma, Mid-Atlantic naseMantla eUnited States. Amakhalane amnyama asuka eMnyama asasaza esi sifo kuNxweme lwePasifiki eUnited States.

Ukuhanjiswa kwesifo seLyme

Amakhalane asulelwe yintsholongwane B. burgdorferi unokuncamathela kulo naliphi na ilungu lomzimba wakho. Zifumaneka ngokufuthi kwiindawo zomzimba wakho ekunzima ukuzibona, ezinjengekhalikhi, amakhwapha, kunye nendawo ye-groin.

Ikhalane elosulelekileyo kufuneka liqhotyoshelwe emzimbeni wakho kangangeeyure ezingama-36 ukuze usasaze intsholongwane.

Uninzi lwabantu abanesifo seLyme balunywa ngamakhalane angafakwanga, abizwa ngokuba ziinymphs. La makhalane amancinci kunzima kakhulu ukuwabona. Zondla entwasahlobo nasehlotyeni. Amakhalane abantu abadala nawo athwale iintsholongwane, kodwa kulula ukuzibona kwaye angasuswa ngaphambi kokuzihambisa.

Akukho bungqina bokuba isifo seLyme sinokudluliselwa ngumoya, ukutya, okanye ngamanzi. Akukho bungqina bokuba inokudluliselwa phakathi kwabantu ngokuphatha, ukuphuza, okanye ukulala ngesondo.

Ukuphila nesifo seLyme

Emva kokuba unyangwe isifo seLyme ngamayeza okubulala iintsholongwane, kungathatha iiveki okanye iinyanga ukuba zonke iimpawu ziphele.

Unokuthatha la manyathelo ukunceda ukukhuthaza ukubuyela kwimeko yesiqhelo:

• Yitya ukutya okusempilweni kwaye uphephe ukutya okuqulethe isixa esikhulu seswekile.
• Phumla ngokwaneleyo.
• Zama ukunciphisa uxinzelelo.
• Thatha iyeza lokuthomalalisa xa kukho imfuneko ukunciphisa iintlungu kunye nokuphazamiseka.

Uvavanyo lokukhathaza isifo seLyme

Ezinye iilabhoratri zorhwebo ziya kuvavanya amakhalane kwisifo seLyme.

Nangona ungafuna ukuvavanywa kwamakhalane emva kokukuluma, i (CDC) ayikukhuthazi ukuvavanywa kwezi zizathu zilandelayo:

• Iilabhoratri zorhwebo ezibonelela ngovavanyo lwekhalane akufuneki zibenemigangatho engqingqwa yolawulo lomgangatho njengaleyo yeelebhu zeklinikhi zokuqonda isifo.
• Ukuba uvavanyo lwethikh luthi luvavanye into ebangela isifo, oko akuthethi ukuba unesifo seLyme.
• Isiphumo esibi sinokukukhokelela kwingcinga engeyonyani yokuba awosuleli. Unokuba ulunywe kwaye wosulelwe luphawu olwahlukileyo.
• Ukuba wosulelwe sisifo seLyme, uya kuqala ukubonisa iimpawu ngaphambi kokuba ufumane iziphumo zokuvavanywa kwamakhalane, kwaye akufuneki ulinde ukuqala unyango.