Ziziphi iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zokubetha?

Umxholo

• Yintoni iStrowuku?
• Zithini iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zemivumbo?
• Uhlaselo lwexeshana lweschemic
• Ischemic stroke
• Isifo esibuhlungu
• Zithini iimpawu zestroke?
• Zeziphi iingxaki ezinokubangelwa sistroke?
• Inyangwa njani imivumbo?
• I-TIA
• Ischemic stroke
• Isifo esibuhlungu
• Iyintoni imbonakalo yohlobo ngalunye lwesifo?

Yintoni iStrowuku?

Ukuhlaselwa sisibetho kungxamiseko lonyango olwenzekayo xa ukuphazamiseka kwegazi kwingqondo yakho kuphazamiseka. Ngaphandle kwegazi, iiseli zakho zobuchopho ziqala ukufa. Oku kunokubangela iimpawu ezinzulu, ukukhubazeka okungapheliyo, kunye nokufa.

Kukho ngaphezu kolunye uhlobo lwesifo. Qhubeka ufunda ukuze ufunde malunga neentlobo ezintathu eziphambili zemivumbo, iimpawu zabo, kunye nonyango.

Zithini iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zemivumbo?

Zintathu iintlobo eziphambili zestroke: ukuhlaselwa yischemic okwethutyana, ukubetha kweschemic, kunye nesifo esibuhlungu. Kuqikelelwa ukuba iipesenti ezingama-87 zemivumbo ischemic.

Uhlaselo lwexeshana lweschemic

Oogqirha bakwabiza uhlaselo lwexeshana lwe-ischemic (TIA) isilumkiso okanye i-ministerroke. Nantoni na ethintela ukuhamba kwegazi okwethutyana kubangela i-TIA. Igazi elixineneyo kunye neempawu ze-TIA zihlala ixesha elifutshane.

Ischemic stroke

Istroke esibuhlungu senzeka xa igazi eligcina igazi ligcina lingaphumi liye kwingqondo yakho. Ihlwili legazi lidla ngokubangelwa yi-atherosclerosis, eyindawo enamafutha amaninzi kulusu lwangaphakathi lwesitya segazi. Inxalenye yezi ndawo zinamanqatha zinokuqhekeka kwaye zivimbe ukuhamba kwegazi kwingqondo yakho. Umxholo uyafana nalowo wokuhlaselwa sisifo sentliziyo, apho igazi eliguqe livale ukuhamba kwegazi kwinxalenye yentliziyo yakho.

Ukubethwa sischemic kunokuba yinto ebonakalayo, oko kuthetha ukuba igazi elihamba gazi lihamba lisuka kwelinye ilungu lomzimba wakho liye kwingqondo yakho. Kuqikelelwa ukuba iipesenti ezili-15 zemivumbo eyimbumba ngenxa yesimo ekuthiwa yi-atrial fibrillation, apho intliziyo yakho ibetha ngendlela engaqhelekanga.

Ukubetha kwethrombotic kukubetha kweschemic okubangelwa ligazi elenza kwisitya segazi kwingqondo yakho.

Ngokungafaniyo ne-TIA, i-clot yegazi ebangela ukubetha kwe-ischemic ayizukuhamba ngaphandle konyango.

Isifo esibuhlungu

Isifo esophayo siphumela xa umthambo wegazi kwingqondo yakho uqhekeka okanye uqhekeka, uphalaze igazi kwizicwili ezijikelezileyo.

Zintathu iindidi eziphambili zemivumbo eyophayo: Eyokuqala yi-aneurysm, ebangela ukuba inxalenye yesitya segazi esibuthathaka ibhalone ngaphandle kwaye ngamanye amaxesha kuqhekeke.Enye into engalunganga, ebandakanya imithambo yegazi engaqhelekanga. Ukuba umthambo wegazi onjalo uyagqabhuka, unokubangela ukubetha ngokuqaqamba kwegazi. Okokugqibela, uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu kunokubangela ukuba buthathaka kwemithambo yegazi encinci kwingqondo kunye nesiphumo sokopha kwingqondo.

Zithini iimpawu zestroke?

Iindidi ezahlukeneyo zestroke zibangela iimpawu ezifanayo kuba nganye ichaphazela ukuhamba kwegazi kwingqondo yakho. Indlela yodwa yokufumanisa ukuba loluphi uhlobo lwesifo onokubakho kukufuna unyango. Ugqirha uya ku-odola uvavanyo lokujonga ukujonga ingqondo yakho.

Umbutho kaZwelonke weStroke ucebisa indlela ye-FAST yokunceda ekuboneni imiqondiso yesilumkiso:

• Ubuso: Xa uncuma, ngaba elinye icala lobuso bakho liwile?
• Izixhobo: Xa uphakamisa iingalo zozibini, ngaba ingalo enye iyawela phantsi?
• Intetho: Ngaba intetho yakho idibene? Ngaba unengxaki yokuthetha?
• Ixesha: Ukuba ufumana enye yezi mpawu, tsalela umnxeba ku-911 ngoko nangoko.

Iimpawu ezongezelelweyo ezingalinganiyo kwinkcazo ye-FAST zibandakanya:

• ukudideka ngesiquphe, njengobunzima bokuqonda into ethethwa ngumntu
• ubunzima bokuhamba, isiyezi ngesiquphe, okanye ilahleko yokulungelelanisa
• ngequbuliso, intloko ebuhlungu enganaso esinye isizathu esaziwayo
• ubunzima bokujonga kwelinye okanye omabini amehlo

I-TIA iya kubangela ukuba ezi mpawu zibonise ixesha elincinci, zihlala naphi na ukusuka kwimizuzu enye ukuya kwemihlanu. Nangona kunjalo, akufuneki ungazihoyi iimpawu zestroke, nokuba ziyahamba ngokukhawuleza.

Zeziphi iingxaki ezinokubangelwa sistroke?

Ukuhlaselwa sisibetho kukungxamiseka kwezonyango ngenxa yesizathu - kunokuba nemiphumo esongela ubomi. Ingqondo ilawula imisebenzi ephambili yobomi bomntu. Ngaphandle kokuhamba kwegazi, ingqondo yakho ayikwazi ukulawula ukuphefumla, uxinzelelo lwegazi, nokunye okuninzi. Iingxaki zingahluka ngohlobo lwe-stroke kwaye ukuba uyakwazi ukufumana unyango ngempumelelo. Imizekelo yeengxaki zibandakanya:

Utshintsho kwindlela yokuziphatha: Ukuba ne-stroke kunokuba negalelo kuxinzelelo okanye uxinzelelo. Unako ukufumana utshintsho kwindlela oziphethe ngayo, njengokuziva unyanzelekile okanye ukurhoxa ekuhlaleni nabanye.

Ubunzima bentetho: Ukubetha kunokuchaphazela iindawo zobuchopho bakho ezinxulumene nokuthetha nokuginya. Ngenxa yoko, unokuba nobunzima ekufundeni, ekubhaleni, okanye ekuqondeni abanye abantu xa bethetha.

Ubudenge okanye iintlungu: Ukubethwa sisifo kunokubangela ukuba ube ndindisholo kwaye unciphise imvakalelo kwiindawo ezithile zomzimba wakho. Oku kunokuba buhlungu. Ngamanye amaxesha ukwenzakala kwengqondo kunokuchaphazela nokukwazi kwakho ukubona ubushushu. Le meko yaziwa njengentlungu yestroke kwaye kunokuba nzima ukunyanga.

Ukukhubazeka: Ngenxa yendlela ingqondo yakho esebenza ngayo ukuhambisa ukuhamba, ukubetha kwicala lasekunene lengqondo yakho kunokuchaphazela intshukumo kwicala lasekhohlo lomzimba wakho nangokuchaseneyo. Abo baye bahlaselwa sistroke abanakho ukusebenzisa izihlunu zobuso okanye bashukumise ingalo kwelinye icala.

Unokwazi ukuphinda ufumane ukusebenza kwemoto elahlekileyo, intetho, okanye ubuchule bokuginya emva kokubetha ngenxa yokuvuselelwa. Nangona kunjalo, oku kungathatha ixesha ukuphinda ubuye.

Inyangwa njani imivumbo?

Unyango lwe-stroke luxhomekeke kwizinto ezininzi. Oku kubandakanya ukuba luhlobo luni kwaye luthathe ixesha elingakanani. Ngokukhawuleza unokufuna uncedo emva kokubetha, kokukhona uya kuba nokufumana ngcono.

I-TIA

Unyango lwe-TIA lubandakanya ukuthatha amayeza azokunceda ukuthintela ukubetha okuzayo. La mayeza aquka ii-antiplatelets kunye nee-anticoagulants.

Ii-antiplatelets zinciphisa amathuba okuba izinto zegazi ekuthiwa ziiplatelets ziya kunamathela kunye kwaye zibangele ihlwili. I-Aspirin kunye ne-clopidogrel (Plavix) ngamayeza e-antiplatelet.

I-Anticoagulants ngamayeza anciphisa ukwakhiwa kweeproteni ezijiyayo. Iindidi ezahlukeneyo zala mayeza zikhona, kubandakanya i-warfarin (Coumadin) kunye ne-dabigatran (Pradaxa).

Ugqirha usenokucebisa ngotyando olubizwa ngokuba yi-carotid endarterectomy. Oku kususa i-plaque buildup kwi-carotid artery entanyeni yakho, eyona nto ibangela ukubetha.

Ischemic stroke

Unyango lwe-ischemic stroke olufumanayo luxhomekeke ekubeni ufika ngokukhawuleza njani esibhedlele. Baxhomekeke kwimbali yakho yonyango.

Ukuba ufuna unyango kwisithuba seeyure ezintathu kolu hlobo lokubetha, ugqirha wakho angakunika iyeza elaziwa njenge-activator ye-tishu plasminogen (tPA). Eli yeza lihanjiswa nge-IV linokulinyibilikisa iqokobhe. Nangona kunjalo, ayingabo bonke abantu abanokufumana i-tPA ngenxa yomngcipheko wokopha. Ugqirha wakho kufuneka ayiqwalasele ngononophelo imbali yakho yezonyango ngaphambi kolawulo lwe-tPA.

Oogqirha banokusebenzisa iinkqubo zokususa i-clot okanye ukuhambisa amayeza e-clot-busting kwingqondo yakho.

Isifo esibuhlungu

Unyango lwe-stroke esophayo lubandakanya ukuzama ukuyeka ukopha kwingqondo yakho kunye nokunciphisa iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezinxulumene nokopha kwengqondo. Iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zinokubandakanya ukunyuka koxinzelelo lwangaphakathi. Iinkqubo zotyando zibandakanya ukusikwa kotyando okanye ukujija. Ezi ziyilelwe ukugcina isitya segazi ekuphumeni kwegazi ngakumbi.

Unokunikwa amayeza ukunciphisa uxinzelelo lwangaphakathi. Unokufuna kwakhona utofelo-gazi ukonyusa inani lezixhobo zokuvala igazi egazini lakho ukuzama ukuyeka ukuphuma kwegazi.

Iyintoni imbonakalo yohlobo ngalunye lwesifo?

Kuqikelelwa isinye kwisithathu sabantu abanamava kwi-TIA baya kuqhubeka nokufumana ukubetha okuphucukileyo kwisithuba sonyaka. Ukufuna unyango kunciphisa amathuba okuba kwenzeke.

Ukuba umntu uye wanestroke, umngcipheko wokuba nolunye ukwanda. Kuqikelelwa ukuba isinye kwisine sabantu abaye bahlaselwa sistroke baya kuba nenye kwisithuba seminyaka emihlanu.

Zininzi iindlela zokuphila onokuthi uzithathe ukunciphisa umngcipheko wokuhlaselwa sisifo okanye ukwenzeka kwakhona. Imizekelo ibandakanya:

• ukwanda komzimba
• ukutya ukutya okusempilweni ukugcina ubunzima obuqhelekileyo kubude bakho kunye nokwakha
• Ukunciphisa ukuzinkcinkca ngotywala kunye nokusela iziselo ezinomda kungabikho ngaphezulu kwesinye ngosuku kwabasetyhini kwaye kube nye ukuya kwezimbini ngosuku emadodeni
• ukuyeka ukusebenzisa iziyobisi ezingekho mthethweni ezaziwayo ukufaka igalelo ekubetheni i-stroke, njenge-cocaine kunye ne-methamphetamines
• ukuthatha amayeza njengoko kumiselwe ukunciphisa uxinzelelo lwegazi kunye nokukhuthaza ulawulo lweglucose
• unxibe imaski yoxinzelelo lomoya oqinisekileyo ukuba ulala nomphefumlo ukunciphisa iimfuno zentliziyo yakho

Thetha nogqirha wakho malunga neendlela onokunciphisa umngcipheko wakho wokubetha.