Yonke into ekufuneka uyazi ukukhathalela umntwana wakho ngaphambi kwexesha

Umxholo

• Loluphi uvavanyo ekufuneka lwenziwe lusana lokuqala
• Ugonyo nini umntwana ngaphambi kwexesha
• Unyamekela njani umntwana wakho ngaphambi kwexesha ekhaya
• 1. Ungaziphepha njani iingxaki zokuphefumla
• 2. Ungaqinisekisa njani ubushushu obuchanekileyo
• 3. Unciphisa njani umngcipheko wosulelo
• 4. Kufanele ukuba njani ukutya

Ngokwesiqhelo umntwana ozelwe ngaphambi kwexesha uhlala kwi-ICU ye-neonatal de abe uyakwazi ukuphefumla yedwa, une-2 g engaphezulu kwaye une-reflex reflex ephucukileyo. Ke, ubude bokuhlala esibhedlele bunokwahluka ukusuka kolunye usana ukuya kolunye.

Emva kweli xesha, umntwana ongaphambi kwexesha angaya ekhaya nabazali kwaye anganyangwa ngokufanayo kwiintsana ezigcweleyo. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba umntwana unengxaki ethile yempilo, abazali kufuneka balungelelanise ukhathalelo ngokwemiyalelo kagqirha.

Loluphi uvavanyo ekufuneka lwenziwe lusana lokuqala

Ngexesha lokulaliswa esibhedlele kwi-ICU yeentsana, umntwana ozelwe ngaphambi kwexesha uza kuvavanywa rhoqo ukuqinisekisa ukuba ukhula kakuhle kwaye afumanise iingxaki kwangoko, ethi ithi xa inyangwa, inyangeke ngokuqinisekileyo. Ke, uviwo oluqhelekileyo oluqhutywa lubandakanya:

• Uvavanyo lweenyawo: kwenziwa isinqe esincinci kwisithende sangaphambi kokutsala igazi kunye nokuvavanya ubukho beengxaki ezithile zempilo ezinje nge phenylketonuria okanye i-cystic fibrosis;
• Uvavanyo lokuva: zenziwa kwiintsuku ezimbini zokuqala emva kokuzalwa ukuvavanya ukuba ngaba kukho iingxaki zokukhula ezindlebeni zomntwana;
• Uvavanyo lwegazi: zenziwe ngexesha lokuhlala kwe-ICU ukuvavanya amanqanaba eoksijini egazini, ukunceda ukufumanisa iingxaki kwimiphunga okanye entliziyweni, umzekelo;
• Iimviwo zombono: zenziwa kwakamsinya emva kokuzalwa kwangaphambi kokuzalwa ukuvavanya ubukho beengxaki ezinjenge-retinopathy okanye i-strabismus ye-retina kwaye kufuneka zenziwe ukuya kuthi ga kwiiveki ezili-9 emva kokuzalwa ukuqinisekisa ukuba iliso likhula ngokuchanekileyo;
• Iimviwo ze-Ultrasound: zenziwa xa ugqirha wabantwana ekrokrela utshintsho entliziyweni, emiphungeni okanye kwamanye amalungu ekuchongeni ingxaki kwaye aqalise unyango olufanelekileyo.

Ukongeza kwezi mvavanyo, umntwana ongaphambi kwexesha naye uyavavanywa ngokwasemzimbeni yonke imihla, ngeeparameter ezibaluleke kakhulu kubunzima, ubungakanani bentloko nokuphakama.

Ugonyo nini umntwana ngaphambi kwexesha

Inkqubo yokugonya umntwana ngaphambi kwexesha kufuneka iqalwe kuphela xa umntwana engaphezulu kwe-2Kg kwaye, ke ngoko, isitofu sokugonya se-BCG kufuneka simiswe de umntwana afikelele kubunzima.

Nangona kunjalo, kwimeko apho umama unesifo sokudumba kwesibindi kohlobo B, ugqirha wabantwana angagqiba ekubeni afumane ugonyo phambi kokuba umntwana afike kwi-2 kg.Kule meko, iyeza kufuneka lahlulwe libe ngamayeza ama-4 endaweni ye-3, idosi yesibini kunye neyesithathu kufuneka uzakuthathwa uhlukaniswe inyanga enye kwaye owesine, iinyanga ezintandathu emva kweyesibini.

Bona ezinye iinkcukacha zeshedyuli yokugonya umntwana.

Unyamekela njani umntwana wakho ngaphambi kwexesha ekhaya

Ukunyamekela umntwana ongaphambi kwexesha ekhaya kunokuba ngumceli mngeni kubazali, ngakumbi xa umntwana enengxaki yokuphefumla okanye yokukhula. Nangona kunjalo, uninzi lokhathalelo luyafana nolo lweentsana zexesha, ezona zibaluleke kakhulu zinxulumene nokuphefumla, umngcipheko wosulelo nokondla.

1. Ungaziphepha njani iingxaki zokuphefumla

Ngexesha lokuqala kwiinyanga ezintandathu zobomi kukho umngcipheko okhulayo weengxaki zokuphefumla, ngakumbi kwiintsana ezizelwe ngaphambi kwexesha, njengoko imiphunga isakhula. Enye yeengxaki ezixhaphakileyo sisifo sokufa ngesiquphe, esibangelwa kukuphelelwa ngamandla xa ulele. Ukunciphisa lo mngcipheko, kufuneka:

• Ngalo lonke ixesha lalisa usana ngomqolo, uncike iinyawo zalo emzantsi webhedi;
• Sebenzisa amashiti alula kunye neengubo kwindawo yokulala yosana;
• Gwema ukusebenzisa umqamelo kwisitya somntwana;
• Gcina ibhedi yomntwana egumbini lomzali de kube ubuncinci iinyanga ezintandathu ubudala;
• Musa ukulala nosana ebhedini okanye esofeni;
• Gwema ukuba nezifudumezi okanye imeko yomoya kufutshane nebhedi yosana.

Ukongeza, ukuba usana lunalo naluphi na uhlobo lwengxaki yokuphefumla, kubalulekile ukuba ulandele imiyalelo enikezwe kwigumbi lokubelekisa ngugqirha wabantwana okanye abongikazi, elinokubandakanya i-nebulization okanye ukuhambisa amathontsi empumlo, umzekelo.

2. Ungaqinisekisa njani ubushushu obuchanekileyo

Umntwana ngaphambi kwexesha unobunzima bokugcina ubushushu bomzimba wakhe phantsi kolawulo kwaye, ke, angabanda ngokukhawuleza emva kokuhlamba okanye abe shushu kakhulu xa eneempahla ezininzi, umzekelo.

Ke kuyacetyiswa ukugcina indlu kubushushu obuphakathi kwama-20 ukuya kuma-22º C kwaye unxibe umntwana ngezinto ezininzi, ukuze umntu asuswe xa iqondo lobushushu kwigumbi lifudumala okanye ongeze olunye umaleko wempahla, xa imini Kuya kubanda.

3. Unciphisa njani umngcipheko wosulelo

Iintsana ezizelwe ngaphambi kwexesha zinenkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela engakhuli kakuhle kwaye, ke, kwiinyanga zokuqala ubudala zinomngcipheko wokosuleleka. Nangona kunjalo, kukho ezinye iindlela zokukhusela ezinceda ukunciphisa amathuba okusuleleka, kubandakanya:

• Hlamba izandla zakho emva kokutshintsha amanabukeni, ngaphambi kokulungisa ukutya nasemva kokuya kwindlu yangasese;
• Cela iindwendwe ukuba zihlambe izandla zazo ngaphambi kokuba zidibane nosana oluzelwe ngaphambi kwexesha;
• Zama ukunqanda utyelelo oluninzi emntwaneni kwiinyanga ezintathu zokuqala;
• Kulumkele ukuhamba nosana kwiindawo ezinabantu abaninzi, ezinje ngamaziko okuthenga okanye iipaki, kwiinyanga ezintathu zokuqala;
• Gcina izilwanyana kude nosana kwiiveki zokuqala ezimbalwa.

Ke eyona ndawo intle yokuthintela ukosuleleka kukuhlala ekhaya, kuba yindawo elula ukuyilawula. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba kunyanzelekile ukuba uhambe, kufuneka kukhethwe iindawo ezinabantu abambalwa okanye ngamaxesha angenanto.

4. Kufanele ukuba njani ukutya

Ukwenzela ukondla ngokuchanekileyo usana olungekazalwa ekhaya, abazali bahlala befumana imfundo esibhedlele, kuba kuqhelekile ukuba umntwana angakwazi ukuncancisa yedwa kwibele likanina, efuna ukuncanciswa ngombhobho omncinci ngobuchule ebizwa ngokuba kukunxibelelana kwakhona. Jonga ukuba uqhagamshelwa njani.

Nangona kunjalo, xa umntwana sele ekwazi ukubamba ibele likanina, unokutyiswa ngokuthe ngqo ukusuka ebeleni kwaye, ngenxa yoku, kubalulekile ukuba kuphuhliswe ubuchule obuchanekileyo bokunceda usana ukuba luncancise kunye nokukhusela ukukhula kweengxaki kwibele likamama. .