Myelodysplasia: yintoni, iimpawu kunye nonyango

Umxholo

• Iimpawu eziphambili
• Zintoni izizathu
• Uqinisekisa njani
• Unyango lwenziwa njani

I-Myelodysplastic Syndrome, okanye i-myelodysplasia, ingqamana neqela lezifo ezibonakaliswa kukusilela okuqhubekayo komongo wethambo, okhokelela kwimveliso yeeseli ezinesiphene okanye ezingafakwanga ezibonakala kwigazi, zikhokelela kwi-anemia, ukudinwa kakhulu, ukutyekela kusulelo kunye nokopha. rhoqo, oko kunokukhokelela kwiingxaki ezinkulu kakhulu.

Nangona sinokubonakala nakweyiphi na iminyaka, esi sifo sixhaphake kubantu abangaphezulu kweminyaka engama-70 ubudala, kwaye kwiimeko ezininzi, izizathu zaso azicaciswa, nangona kwezinye iimeko kunokuvela ngenxa yokunyanga umhlaza wangaphambili ngekhemotherapy, unyango lwemitha okanye ukubonakaliswa kwemichiza, njenge-benzene okanye umsi, umzekelo.

I-Myelodysplasia ihlala inyangeka ngokufakelwa ngomongo wethambo, nangona kunjalo, oku akunakwenzeka kuzo zonke izigulana, kwaye kubalulekile ukuba ufune isikhokelo kugqirha oqhelekileyo okanye kwi-hematologist.

Iimpawu eziphambili

Umongo wethambo yindawo ebalulekileyo emzimbeni evelisa iiseli zegazi, ezinje ngeeseli ezibomvu zegazi, eziyi-iiseli ezibomvu zegazi, ii-leukocyte, eziziiseli ezimhlophe zegazi ezinoxanduva lokukhusela umzimba kunye neeplatelets, ezingundoqo ekunqandeni igazi. Ke ngoko, ukungahambi kakuhle kwakho kuvelisa iimpawu kunye neempawu ezinje:

• Ukudinwa kakhulu;
• IPallor;
• Ukuphefumla okufutshane;
• Ukutyekela kwizifo;
• Ifiva;
• Ukopha;
• Inkangeleko yamabala abomvu emzimbeni.

Kwiimeko zokuqala, umntu usenokungabonakalisi zimpawu, kwaye esi sifo siphela sifunyanwa kwiimviwo zesiqhelo. Ukongeza, isixa kunye nokuqina kweempawu kuya kuxhomekeka kwiindidi zeeseli zegazi ezichaphazeleka kakhulu kwi-myelodysplasia kunye nobukrakra becala ngalinye. Phantse i-1/3 yamatyala e-myelodysplastic syndrome inokuqhubela phambili kwi-leukemia ebukhali, eluhlobo lomhlaza omkhulu weeseli zegazi. Jonga okuninzi malunga neleukemia ye-myeloid ebukhali.

Ke, akunakwenzeka ukumisela ixesha lokuphila kwezi zigulana, kuba esi sifo sinokuvela kancinci kancinci, amashumi eminyaka, njengoko sinokuthi siguquke sibe kwifom ebukhali, sinempendulo encinci kunyango kwaye sibangele iingxaki ezininzi kwiinyanga ezimbalwa. iminyaka ubudala.

Zintoni izizathu

Unobangela wesifo se-myelodysplastic syndrome awusekelwanga kakuhle, nangona kunjalo kwiimeko ezininzi esi sifo sinesizathu sokofuzo, kodwa utshintsho kwiDNA alusoloko lufunyanwa, kwaye esi sifo sihlelwa njenge-myelodysplasia ephambili. Nangona sinokubangelwa yimfuza, esi sifo asiyomfuza.

Isifo seMyelodysplastic sinokuhlelwa njengasesekondari xa kuvela ngenxa yezinye iimeko, ezinje ngokunxila ezibangelwa ziikhemikhali, ezinje ngekhemotherapy, i-radiotherapy, i-benzene, i-pesticides, icuba, ilothe okanye i-mercury, umzekelo.

Uqinisekisa njani

Ukuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa kwe-myelodysplasia, i-hematologist iya kwenza uvavanyo lweklinikhi kunye nokuvavanya iimvavanyo ezifana ne:

• Ubalo lwegaziemisela ubungakanani beeseli ezibomvu zegazi, iiseli ezimhlophe zegazi kunye neeplatelets egazini;
• Myelogram, eyi-aspirate yomongo wethambo ekwazi ukuvavanya ubungakanani kunye neempawu zeeseli ezikule ndawo. Qonda indlela eyenziwe ngayo i-myelogram;
• Uvavanyo lwe-Genetic kunye ne-immunological, ezinje ngekaryotype okanye i-immunophenotyping;
• Umongo wethambo, ezinokubonelela ngolwazi oluthe kratya malunga nomxholo womongo wethambo, ngakumbi xa utshintshe kakhulu okanye unezinye iingxaki, njengokungena kwe-fibrosis;
• Ubungakanani bentsimbi, ivithamini B12 kunye nefolic acid, njengoko ukusilela kwabo kunokubangela utshintsho kwimveliso yegazi.

Ngale ndlela, i-hematologist iya kuba nakho ukubona uhlobo lwe-myelodysplasia, yahluke kwezinye izifo zomongo wethambo kwaye ichonge ngcono uhlobo lonyango.

Unyango lwenziwa njani

Olona hlobo lonyango lonyango kukufakelwa umongo wethambo, onokuthi ukhokelele kunyango lwesifo, nangona kunjalo, ayingabo bonke abantu abayilungeleyo le nkqubo, ekufuneka yenziwe kubantu abangenazo izifo ezithintela amandla abo emzimbeni kwaye ngokukhethekileyo phantsi iminyaka engama-65 ubudala.

Olunye ukhetho lonyango lubandakanya i-chemotherapy, edla ngokwenziwa ngamachiza afana neAzacitidine kunye neDecitabine, umzekelo, eyenziweyo kwimijikelezo emiselwe yi-hematologist.

Ukutofelwa igazi kunokuba yimfuneko kwezinye iimeko, ngakumbi xa kukho i-anemia enkulu okanye ukungabikho kweeplatelets ezivumela ukujiya kwegazi ngokwaneleyo. Jonga izikhombisi kunye nendlela utofelo-gazi olwenziwa ngayo.