Yintoni i-myelogram, yenzelwe ntoni kwaye yenziwa njani?

Umxholo

• Yenzelwe ntoni
• Kwenziwa njani
• Imingcipheko enokwenzeka

I-myelogram, ekwabizwa ngokuba ngumnqweno womongo wethambo, luvavanyo olujolise ekuqinisekiseni ukusebenza komongo wethambo kuhlalutyo lweeseli zegazi ezivelisiweyo. Ke, olu vavanyo luyacelwa ngugqirha xa kukho ukukrokra kwezifo ezinokuthi ziphazamisane nale mveliso, njengeleukemia, i-lymphoma okanye i-myeloma, umzekelo.

Olu vavanyo kufuneka lwenziwe ngenaliti engqindilili, ekwaziyo ukufikelela kwinxalenye yangaphakathi yethambo apho umongo wethambo ukhona, odume ngokuba ngumongo, ke ngoko kubalulekile ukwenza i-anesthesia encinci yendawo ukunciphisa iintlungu kunye nokungonwabi ngexesha Inkqubo.

Emva kokuqokelela izinto, i-hematologist okanye i-pathologist iya kuhlalutya isampuli yegazi, kwaye ichonge utshintsho olunokwenzeka, njengokuncipha kwemveliso yeeseli zegazi, ukuveliswa kweeseli ezinesiphene okanye ezinomhlaza, umzekelo.

Yenzelwe ntoni

I-myelogram ihlala icelwa emva kotshintsho kubalo lwegazi, apho iiseli ezimbalwa zegazi okanye inani elikhulu leeseli ezingafakwanga zichongiwe, umzekelo, zibonisa utshintsho kumongo wethambo. Ke, iyacelwa i-myelogram ukuze iphande unobangela wotshintsho, kwaye inokubonakaliswa ngugqirha kwezi meko zilandelayo:

• Uphando lwe-anemia engachazwanga, okanye ukunciphisa inani leeseli ezimhlophe zegazi kunye neeplatelets apho izizathu zingakhange zichongwe kwiimviwo zokuqala;
• Uphando lwezizathu zenguqu ekusebenzeni okanye kwimilo kwiiseli zegazi;
• Ukuxilongwa komhlaza we-hematological, njenge-leukemia okanye i-myeloma eninzi, phakathi kwabanye, kunye nokubeka iliso kwindaleko okanye kunyango, xa sele iqinisekisiwe;
• Isifo sokudumba komhlaza kwisifo somongo;
• Ukuphandwa komkhuhlane ongaziwayo, kwanasemva kovavanyo oluninzi;
• Ukutsalwa komongo wethambo ngokungena kwezinto ezinjenge-iron, kwimeko ye-hemochromatosis, okanye usulelo, njenge-visceral leishmaniasis.

Ke, isiphumo se-myelogram kubaluleke kakhulu ekuchongeni izifo ezininzi, ukuvumela unyango olwaneleyo. Kwezinye iimeko, umongo wethambo usenokufuneka, uvavanyo oluntsonkothileyo noludla ixesha, njengoko kufuneka kususwe isiqwenga sethambo, kodwa kuhlala kubalulekile ukunika iinkcukacha ezithe kratya ngomongo wethambo. Fumanisa ukuba yeyantoni kunye nendlela eyenziwa ngayo umongo wethambo.

Kwenziwa njani

I-myelogram luvavanyo olujolise kwizicubu ezinzulu zomzimba, njengoko oku kuhlala kusenziwa ngugqirha oqhelekileyo okanye ugqirha wegazi. Ngokubanzi, amathambo apho ii-myelograms zenziwa khona yi-sternum, ebekwe esifubeni, i-iliac crest, elithambo elikwingingqi ye-pelvic, kunye ne-tibia, ithambo lomlenze, elenziwe ngakumbi ebantwaneni, kwaye amanyathelo abo abandakanya:

1. Coca indawo ngezinto ezifanelekileyo ukuthintela ungcoliseko, olufana nepovidine okanye iklorhexidine;
2. Yenza i-anesthesia yendawo ngenaliti elukhumbeni nangaphandle kwethambo;
3. Yenza i-puncture ngenaliti ekhethekileyo, ejiyileyo, ukugqobhoza ithambo kunye nokufikelela kumongo wethambo;
4. Qhagamshela isirinji kwinaliti, ukufuna ukuqokelela izinto ozifunayo;
5. Susa inaliti kwaye ucinezele indawo nge-gauze ukunqanda ukopha.

Emva kokuqokelela izinto, kufuneka kwenziwe uhlalutyo kunye nokutolikwa kwesiphumo, esinokwenziwa ngesilayidi, ngugqirha ngokwakhe, kunye noomatshini abakhethekileyo kuhlalutyo lweeseli zegazi.

Imingcipheko enokwenzeka

Ngokubanzi, i-myelogram yinkqubo ekhawulezayo eneengxaki ezinqabileyo, nangona kunjalo, kunokwenzeka ukuba ufumane iintlungu okanye ungathandeki kwindawo yokuhlatywa, kunye nokopha, ihematoma okanye usulelo. Ukuqokelelwa kwemathiriyeli kunokuba yimfuneko, kwiimeko ezimbalwa, ngenxa yokunganeli okanye isixa esaneleyo sesampulu yohlalutyo.