Iintsomi ezili-9 Malunga ne-HIV / AIDS

Umxholo

• Intsomi # 1: i-HIV sisigwebo sentambo.
• Intsomi # 2: Ungatsho ukuba umntu une-HIV / AIDS ngokumjonga.
• Intsomi # 3: Abantu abathe tye akufuneki bakhathazeke ngokosulelwa yi-HIV.
• Intsomi # 4: Abantu abane-HIV abanakuba nabantwana ngokukhuselekileyo.
• Intsomi # 5: i-HIV ihlala ikhokelela ku-AIDS.
• Intsomi # 6: Ngalo lonke unyango lwanamhlanje, i-HIV ayisiyonto inkulu.
• Intsomi # 7: Ukuba ndithatha iPrEP, akukho mfuneko yokuba ndisebenzise ikhondom.
• Intsomi # 8: Abo bavavanya ukuba awunayo i-HIV banokulala ngesondo ngokungakhuselekanga.
• Intsomi # 9: Ukuba omabini amaqabane ane-HIV, akukho sizathu sekhondom.
• Ukuthatha

Ngokwezibalo zamva nje ezivela kumaziko eSifo, uLawulo kunye noThintelo, kwihlabathi liphela. Ngelixa bekukho inkqubela phambili kulawulo lwentsholongwane kaGawulayo kuyo yonke le minyaka, ngelishwa, ulwazi oluninzi olungelulo lusekhona malunga nokuba kuthetha ntoni ukuphila ne-HIV.

Sifikelele kwiingcali ezininzi ukufumana uluvo lwabo malunga nokuba zeziphi ezona mbono ziphosakeleyo abantu baseMelika abanazo malunga ne-HIV / AIDS. Ezi ngcali zinyanga abantu, zifundisa abafundi bezonyango, kwaye zibonelela ngenkxaso kwizigulana ezihlangabezana nesi sifo. Nazi iinkolelo ezisithoba eziphambili kunye nemibono ephosakeleyo abathi yona, kunye nabantu abaphila nentsholongwane kaGawulayo okanye isifo sikaGawulayo, baqhubeke nokulwa:

Intsomi # 1: i-HIV sisigwebo sentambo.

"Ngonyango olufanelekileyo, ngoku silindele ukuba abantu abane-HIV baphile ubomi obuqhelekileyo," utshilo uGqirha Michael Horberg, umlawuli wesizwe we-HIV / AIDS kaKaiser Permanente.

“Ukusukela ngo-1996, ngokufika konyango olusebenzayo, lwe-antiretroviral, umntu one-HIV onokufikelela kakuhle kunyango lwe-antiretroviral (ART) angalindela ukuba aphile ubomi obuqhelekileyo, lo gama nje ethatha amayeza amiselweyo,” wongeza uGqirha Amesh. A. Adalja, igqirha lesifo esosulelayo eliqinisekisiweyo, kunye nomphengululi omkhulu kwiziko iJohns Hopkins loKhuseleko lwezeMpilo. Ukwasebenza nakwiKhomishini ye-HIV yesiXeko sasePittsburgh nakwiqela elicebisayo le-AIDS Free Pittsburgh.

Intsomi # 2: Ungatsho ukuba umntu une-HIV / AIDS ngokumjonga.

Ukuba umntu uyayifumana intsholongwane kaGawulayo, iimpawu azimangalisi. Umntu onentsholongwane kaGawulayo angabonakalisa iimpawu ezifana nolunye uhlobo losulelo, njengomkhuhlane, ukukhathala, okanye ukugula ngokubanzi. Ukongeza, iimpawu zokuqala ezinobulali zihlala kuphela kwiiveki ezimbalwa.

Ngokwaziswa kwangoko kwamayeza e-antiretroviral, intsholongwane kaGawulayo inokulawulwa ngokufanelekileyo. Umntu oneNTSHOLONGWANE KAGAWULAYO ​​ofumana unyango lwe-antiretroviral uphilile noko kwaye awahlukanga kunabanye abantu abaneemeko zempilo ezingapheliyo.

Iimpawu ezibaxekileyo abantu abadla ngokuzidibanisa ne-HIV zizimpawu zeengxaki ezinokuvela kwizifo ezinxulumene noGawulayo okanye iingxaki. Nangona kunjalo, ngonyango olwaneleyo lwe-antiretroviral kunye namayeza, ezo mpawu azizukubakho kumntu ophila ne-HIV.

Intsomi # 3: Abantu abathe tye akufuneki bakhathazeke ngokosulelwa yi-HIV.

Kuyinyani ukuba i-HIV ixhaphake kakhulu emadodeni nawo anamaqabane esini esingamadoda. Abantu abathandana nabasetyhini abathandana besini esinye nabasetyhini banamazinga aphezulu osulelo lwe-HIV.

"Siyazi ukuba elona qela liphezulu lomngcipheko ngamadoda abelana ngesondo namadoda," utshilo uGqirha Horberg. Eli qela linika ingxelo malunga ne-USA, ngokwe-CDC.

Nangona kunjalo, abantu besini esahlukileyo babalelwa kwiipesenti ezingama-24 zosulelo olutsha lwe-HIV ngo-2016, kwaye malunga nesibini kwisithathu sabo yayingabafazi.

Ngelixa amaxabiso abantu abathandana nabasetyhini abathandana nabasetyhini abaphila ne-HIV ahlala efanayo eMelika, amaxabiso e-HIV onke anciphile ukusukela ngo-2008 ngeepesenti ezili-18. Ukuchongwa kwabantu abathandana besini esinye ngokubanzi kwehle ngeepesenti ezingama-36, kwaye kwehla kubo bonke abantu basetyhini ngepesenti ye-16.

Abantu base-Afrika baseMelika bajongene nomngcipheko ophezulu wokosulela i-HIV kunalo naluphi na olunye uhlanga, nokuba bathini na ngokwesini. , inqanaba lokuchongwa kwe-HIV kumadoda aMnyama liphantse phantse amaxesha asibhozo kunamadoda amhlophe kwaye lingaphezulu kwabafazi abaMnyama; Ireyithi iphindaphindwe kalishumi elinesithandathu kubafazi abaMnyama kunabafazi abamhlophe, kunye namaxesha ama-5 aphezulu kunabafazi abangamaSpanishi. Abasetyhini base-Afrika nabamaMerika bafumana i-HIV kunalo naluphi na olunye uhlanga okanye ubuhlanga. Ukususela ngo-2015, iipesenti ezingama-59 zabasetyhini abaphila ne-HIV e-United States babengabantu base-Afrika-baseMelika, ngelixa iipesenti ezili-19 zazingamaSpanishi / amaLatina, kwaye iipesenti ezili-17 zazimhlophe.

Intsomi # 4: Abantu abane-HIV abanakuba nabantwana ngokukhuselekileyo.

Eyona nto ibalulekileyo anokuthi ayenze umntu obhinqileyo ophila nentsholongwane kaGawulayo xa elungiselela ukukhulelwa kukusebenza nomboneleli wakhe wezempilo ukuba aqalise unyango lwe-ART ngokukhawuleza. Kuba unyango lwe-HIV luqhubele phambili kakhulu, ukuba owasetyhini uthatha iyeza lakhe le-HIV yonke imihla njengoko kucetyiswa ngumboneleli wezempilo ngalo lonke ixesha lokukhulelwa kwakhe (kubandakanya ukubeleka kunye nokuhanjiswa), kwaye aqhubeke amayeza kusana lwakhe iiveki ezi-4 ukuya kwezi-6 emva kokuzalwa, umngcipheko Ukosulela umntwana nge-HIV kunokuba njalo.

Kukwakho neendlela zomama one-HIV zokunciphisa umngcipheko wokosuleleka kwimeko apho umthamo wentsholongwane kaGawulayo uphezulu kunokunqwenelekayo, njengokukhetha icandelo le-C okanye ukondla ngebhotile ngobisi olungumgubo emva kokubeleka.

Abasetyhini abangenayo i-HIV kodwa bejonge ukukhulelwa kunye neqabane eliyindoda eliphethe intsholongwane kaGawulayo banakho ukuthatha amayeza awodwa okunceda ukunciphisa umngcipheko wokosulela bobabini kunye neentsana zabo. Kwabesilisa abane-HIV kwaye bathatha amayeza abo e-ART, umngcipheko wokosulela uphantse ube zero ukuba umthamo wentsholongwane awubonakali.

Intsomi # 5: i-HIV ihlala ikhokelela ku-AIDS.

Intsholongwane kaGawulayo sisifo esibangela uGawulayo. Kodwa oku akuthethi ukuba bonke abantu abane-HIV baya kuba ne-AIDS. Isifo sikagawulayo sisifo sokusilela kwenkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela esisiphumo sokuhlasela kwamajoni omzimba ngokuhamba kwexesha kwaye kunxulunyaniswa nobuthathaka bokuphendula komzimba kunye nosulelo olungenelelayo. UGawulayo uthintelwa ngonyango lwakwangoko losulelo lwe-HIV.

"Ngonyango lwangoku, amanqanaba osulelo lwe-HIV anokulawulwa kwaye agcinwe esezantsi, ukugcina amajoni omzimba asempilweni ixesha elide kwaye ke kuthintelwe izifo ezithatha amathuba kunye nokufumanisa isifo sikaGawulayo," ucacisa uGqirha Richard Jimenez, unjingalwazi wezempilo yoluntu kwiYunivesithi yaseWalden .

Intsomi # 6: Ngalo lonke unyango lwanamhlanje, i-HIV ayisiyonto inkulu.

Nangona kukho inkqubela phambili enkulu kunyango lwe-HIV, intsholongwane isenokukhokelela kwiingxaki, kwaye umngcipheko wokufa usabalulekile kumaqela athile abantu.

Umngcipheko wokufumana i-HIV kunye nendlela emchaphazela ngayo umntu uyahluka ngokobudala, isini, isini, indlela yokuphila, kunye nonyango. I-CDC inesiXhobo sokuNciphisa umngcipheko esinokunceda umntu aqikelele umngcipheko wakhe kwaye athathe amanyathelo okuzikhusela.

Intsomi # 7: Ukuba ndithatha iPrEP, akukho mfuneko yokuba ndisebenzise ikhondom.

I-PrEP (pre-exposure prophylaxis) lunyango olunokuthintela usulelo lwe-HIV kwangaphambili, ukuba luthathwa yonke imihla.

NgokukaGqirha Horberg, isifundo sika-2015 esivela kuKaiser Permanente silandele abantu abasebenzisa i-PrEP kangangeminyaka emibini enesiqingatha, kwaye bafumanisa ukuba sisebenza kakhulu ekuthinteleni usulelo lwe-HIV, kwakhona ukuba sithathwa yonke imihla. I-US Prestive Services Task Force (USPSTF) ngoku icebisa ukuba bonke abantu abasemngciphekweni we-HIV bathathe i-PrEP.

Nangona kunjalo, ayikhuseli kwezinye izifo okanye izifo ezosulela ngokwabelana ngesondo.

"I-PrEP icetyiswa ukuba isetyenziswe ngokudibanisa neendlela ezikhuselekileyo zokwabelana ngesondo, njengoko isifundo sethu sikwabonisa ukuba isiqingatha sezigulana ezithatha inxaxheba safunyanwa sinosulelo oludluliselwa ngesondo emva kweenyanga ezili-12," utshilo uGqirha Horberg.

Intsomi # 8: Abo bavavanya ukuba awunayo i-HIV banokulala ngesondo ngokungakhuselekanga.

Ukuba umntu usandula kufunyaniswa ukuba une-HIV, isenokungabonakali kuvavanyo lwe-HIV de kube ziinyanga ezintathu kamva.

Uvavanyo uGqirha Gerald Schochetman, umlawuli omkhulu wezifo ezosulelayo kwi-Abbott Diagnostics uthi: Kuxhomekeke kuvavanyo, ubukho be-HIV bunokufunyanwa emva kweeveki ezimbalwa, okanye ukuya kwiinyanga ezintathu emva kokubhencwa okunokwenzeka. Buza umntu owenza uvavanyo malunga neli xesha lexesha kunye nexesha lokuphinda uvavanywe.

Abantu kufuneka bathathe uvavanyo lwesibini lwe-HIV kwiinyanga ezintathu emva kolo lokuqala, ukuqinisekisa ukungafundi. Ukuba balala ngesondo rhoqo, iSan Francisco AIDS Foundation icebisa ukuba kuvavanywe rhoqo emva kweenyanga ezintathu. Kubalulekile ukuba umntu axoxe ngembali yakhe yezesondo kunye neqabane lakhe, kwaye bathethe nomboneleli wezempilo malunga nokuba bona neqabane labo bangabagqatswa abalungileyo be-PrEP.

Olunye uvavanyo, olwaziwa njenge-HIV combo test, lunokuyifumana intsholongwane kwangoko.

Intsomi # 9: Ukuba omabini amaqabane ane-HIV, akukho sizathu sekhondom.

ukuba umntu ophila nentsholongwane kaGawulayo okunyanga rhoqo unyango lwe-antiretroviral olwehlisa intsholongwane kumanqanaba angabonakaliyo egazini AKAKHO ukudlulisela i-HIV kwiqabane lakhe xa usabelana ngesondo. Imvumelwano yezonyango ngoku ithi “Ayibonakali = Ayinakuthunyelwa.”

Nangona kunjalo, iCDC icebisa ukuba nokuba omabini amaqabane ane-HIV, kufuneka basebenzise iikhondom ngalo lonke ixesha besabelana ngesondo. Ngamanye amaxesha, kunokwenzeka ukuba udlulisele uhlobo olwahlukileyo lwe-HIV kwiqabane, okanye kwezinye iimeko ezinqabileyo, usasaze uhlobo lwe-HIV oluthathwa njenge- “superinfection” olusuka kuhlobo olunganyangekiyo kumayeza e-ART akhoyo ngoku.

Umngcipheko wosulelo olukhulu kwi-HIV unqabile kakhulu; I-CDC iqikelela ukuba umngcipheko uphakathi kwe-1 kunye ne-4 yepesenti.

Ukuthatha

Ngelixa ngelishwa lungekho unyango lwe-HIV / AIDS, abantu abane-HIV banokuphila ubomi obude, obunemveliso ngokufumana kwangoko kunye nonyango olwaneleyo lwe-antiretroviral.

“Ngelixa unyango lwangoku lwe-antiretroviral lunokusebenza kakhulu ekugcineni i-HIV kumanqanaba asezantsi kwaye iyithintele ekuphindaphindeni nasekutshabalaliseni amajoni omzimba ixesha elide, akukho lunyango lwe-AIDS okanye isitofu sokulwa i-HIV, intsholongwane ebangela uGawulayo,” Ucacisa uGqirha Jimenez.

Kwangelo xesha, ukucinga okukhoyo kukuba ukuba umntu uyakwazi ukugcina uxinzelelo lwentsholongwane, i-HIV ayizukuqhubela phambili kwaye ayizukutshabalalisa amajoni omzimba. Kukho idatha exhasa ixesha elifutshane elifutshane lokuphila kubantu abanentsholongwane yentsholongwane xa kuthelekiswa nabantu abangenayo i-HIV.

Nangona inani lamatyala amatsha e-HIV sele egqibile, ngokuka, kusekho uqikelelo lwamatyala amatsha angama-50 000 ngonyaka e-United States kuphela.

Okuxhalabisayo, "iimeko ezintsha ze-HIV ziye zanda phakathi kwabantu abasesichengeni kubandakanya abasetyhini abanemibala, abafana abalala ngesondo kunye nabantu, kunye nabantu ekunzima ukufikelela kubo," ngokukaGqirha Jimenez.

Ithetha ntoni le nto? Intsholongwane kaGawulayo noGawulayo zisezona zinto zixhalabisayo kwezempilo yoluntu. Abemi abasesichengeni kufuneka bafikelele kuvavanyo kunyango. Ngaphandle kwenkqubela phambili kuvavanyo kunye nokufumaneka kwamayeza afana ne-PrEP, ngoku alikho ixesha lokuyekisa unogada.

Ngokutsho kwe-CDC):

• Ngaphezulu kwesigidi esi-1.2 seMelika sine-HIV.
• Unyaka ngamnye, ama-50 000 aseMelika afunyaniswa
  ne-HIV.
• UGawulayo, obangelwa yi-HIV, ubulala i-14,000
  AmaMelika minyaka le.

“Isizukulwana esitsha siphulukene nokoyika i-HIV ngenxa yempumelelo yonyango. Oku kubangele ukuba baziphathe ngendlela eyingozi, ekhokelela kumazinga aphezulu osulelo kubafana abalala namanye amadoda. ”

-Gqirha Amesh Adalja