Yonke into ekufuneka uyazi malunga neNefrotic Syndrome

Umxholo

• Ushwankathelo
• Iimpawu zesifo seNephrotic
• Isifo seNefrotic esibangela
• Izizathu eziphambili ze-nephrotic syndrome
• Unobangela wesibini wesifo se-nephrotic
• Ukutya kwesifo seNephrotic
• Unyango lwe-Nephrotic syndrome
• I-Nephrotic syndrome ebantwaneni
• I-Nephrotic syndrome kubantu abadala
• Ukuxilongwa kwesifo seNephrotic
• Iingxaki zesifo se-nephrotic
• Iimpawu zomngcipheko wesifo seNephrotic
• Imbonakalo yesifo seNephrotic

Ushwankathelo

I-Nephrotic syndrome yenzeka xa umonakalo kwizintso zakho ubangela ukuba la malungu akhuphe iiprotein ezininzi kumchamo wakho.

I-Nephrotic syndrome ayisosifo. Izifo ezonakalisa imithambo yegazi kwizintso zakho zibangela esi sifo.

Iimpawu zesifo seNephrotic

Nephrotic syndrome luphawulwa ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

• inani eliphezulu leprotheni ekhoyo kumchamo (proteinuria)
• amanqanaba aphezulu e-cholesterol kunye ne-triglyceride egazini (hyperlipidemia)
• amanqanaba asezantsi eprotini abizwa ngokuba yialbumin egazini (hypoalbuminemia)
• ukudumba (i-edema), ngakumbi emaqatheni nasezinyaweni, nasekujikelezeni kwamehlo akho

Ukongeza kwezi mpawu zingasentla, abantu abane-nephrotic syndrome banokuba namava:

• umchamo wegwebu
• ubunzima bomzimba kulwakhiwo olunamanzi emzimbeni
• ukudinwa
• ukungabi namdla wokutya

Isifo seNefrotic esibangela

Izintso zakho zizele yimithambo yegazi encinci ebizwa ngokuba yi-glomeruli. Njengoko igazi lakho lihamba kwezi nqanawa, amanzi ongezelelweyo kunye neemveliso zenkunkuma ziyahluzwa kumchamo wakho. Iiproteni kunye nezinye izinto ezifunwa ngumzimba wakho zihlala kwigazi lakho.

I-Nephrotic syndrome yenzeka xa i-glomeruli yonakele kwaye ayinakucoca kakuhle igazi lakho. Ukonakala kule mijelo yegazi kuvumela iproteni ukuba ivuze kumchamo wakho.

IAlbumin yenye yeeproteni ezilahlekileyo kumchamo wakho.I-Albumin inceda ukutsala ulwelo olongezelelekileyo emzimbeni wakho kwizintso zakho. Olu lwelo ke luyasuswa kumchamo wakho.

Ngaphandle kwealbumin, umzimba wakho ubambelela kulwelo olongezelelekileyo. Oku kubangela ukudumba (i-edema) emilenzeni, ezinyaweni, emaqatheni nasebusweni.

Izizathu eziphambili ze-nephrotic syndrome

Ezinye zeemeko ezibangela isifo se-nephrotic sichaphazela kuphela izintso. Oku kubizwa ngokuba zizizathu eziphambili ze-nephrotic syndrome. Ezi meko zibandakanya:

• Icandelo le-glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) yecandelo. Le yimeko apho i-glomeruli iba nebala kwizifo, kwisiphene semfuza, okanye kwisizathu esingaziwayo.
• I-nephropathy yesikhumbuzo. Esi sifo, inwebu kwi glomeruli ukujiya. Isizathu sokuqina asaziwa, kodwa sinokubakho kunye ne-lupus, hepatitis B, isifo seengcongconi, okanye umhlaza.
• Izifo ezincinci zotshintsho. Umntu onesi sifo, izicubu zezintso zikhangeleka ziqhelekileyo phantsi kwemicroscope. Kodwa ngenxa yesizathu esingaziwayo, ayicoci ngokufanelekileyo.
• I-vein vein thrombosis. Kule ngxaki, i-clot yegazi ibhloka umthambo okhupha igazi kwizintso.

Unobangela wesibini wesifo se-nephrotic

Ezinye izifo ezibangela nephrotic syndrome zichaphazela umzimba uphela. Oku kubizwa ngokuba ngoonobangela be-nephrotic syndrome. Ezi zifo zinokubandakanya:

• Seswekile. Esi sifo, iswekile yegazi engalawulekiyo inokonakalisa imithambo yegazi kuwo wonke umzimba wakho, kubandakanya nezintso zakho.
• ILupus. I-Lupus sisifo esizimelayo esibangela ukudumba kumalungu, izintso kunye namanye amalungu.
• Amyloidosis. Esi sifo sinqabile sibangelwa kukwakhiwa kweproteni ye-amyloid kwizitho zakho. I-Amyloid inokwakha kwizintso zakho, mhlawumbi kunokubangela umonakalo wezintso.

Amanye amayeza, kubandakanya amachiza okulwa usulelo kunye ne-nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAIDs), nawo adityaniswa nephrotic syndrome.

Ukutya kwesifo seNephrotic

Ukutya kubalulekile ekulawuleni i-nephrotic syndrome. Nciphisa isixa setyuwa oyityayo ukunqanda ukudumba kunye nokulawula uxinzelelo lwegazi. Ugqirha wakho unokucebisa ukuba usele amanzi amancinci ukunciphisa ukudumba.

I-Nephrotic syndrome inokunyusa i-cholesterol yakho kunye namanqanaba e-triglyceride, ke zama ukutya ukutya okunezinto ezinamafutha amaninzi kunye ne-cholesterol. Oku kunokunceda ukunciphisa umngcipheko wokuba nesifo sentliziyo.

Nangona le meko ibangela ukuba ulahlekelwe ziiprotein kumchamo wakho, ukutya iiprotein ezongezelelweyo akucebisi. Ukutya okuneproteni ephezulu kunokwenza ukuba nephrotic syndrome ibe mandundu. Qhubeka ufunda ukuze ufunde okungakumbi malunga nokutya okutyayo kunye nokuphepha xa unesifo se-nephrotic.

Unyango lwe-Nephrotic syndrome

Ugqirha wakho unokunyanga imeko ebangele isifo se-nephrotic, kunye neempawu zesi sifo. Iindidi zamayeza zingasetyenziselwa ukufezekisa oku:

• Unyango lwegazi. Oku kunokunceda ukunciphisa uxinzelelo lwegazi kunye nokunciphisa inani leeprotein ezilahlekileyo kumchamo. La mayeza abandakanya i-angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors kunye ne-angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs).
• Womchamo. I-diuretics ibangela ukuba izintso zakho zikhuphe ulwelo olongezelelekileyo, olubangela ukudumba. La mayeza abandakanya izinto ezinje nge-furosemide (Lasix) kunye ne-spironolactone (Aldactone).
• Iingxelo. La machiza athoba amanqanaba e-cholesterol. Eminye imizekelo yamabala ibandakanya i-atorvastatin calcium (Lipitor) kunye ne-lovastatin (Altoprev, Mevacor).
• Abacoci begazi. La mayeza anciphisa ukubanakho kwegazi ekugubungekeni kwaye unokumiselwa ukuba unegazi egazini kwizintso zakho. Imizekelo ibandakanya i-heparin kunye ne-warfarin (Coumadin, Jantoven).
• Inkqubo yokucinezela amajoni omzimba. La machiza anceda ukugcina amajoni omzimba ephantsi kolawulo kwaye kunokuba luncedo ekunyangeni imeko esezantsi njenge-lupus. Umzekelo wamayeza anyanzelayo okhusela umzimba yi-corticosteroids.

Ugqirha wakho unokufuna ukuthatha amanyathelo ukunciphisa umngcipheko wosulelo. Ukwenza oku, banokucebisa ukuba ufumane isitofu sokugonya se-pneumococcal kunye nonyaka wokudubula umkhuhlane.

I-Nephrotic syndrome ebantwaneni

Zombini Isifo se-nephrotic syndrome kunye nesekondari sinokubakho ebantwaneni. I-Primary nephrotic syndrome lolona hlobo luqhelekileyo ebantwaneni.

Abanye abantwana banokuba nento ebizwa ngokuba yi-congenital nephrotic syndrome, eyenzeka kwiinyanga ezintathu zokuqala zobomi. Oku kunokubangelwa sisiphene semfuza okanye usulelo kungekudala emva kokuzalwa. Abantwana abanale meko banokufuna ukufakelwa izintso ekugqibeleni.

Kubantwana, i-nephrotic syndrome ibangela ezi mpawu:

• umkhuhlane, ukudinwa, ukuba nochuku, kunye neminye imiqondiso yosulelo
• Ukuphelelwa ngumdla wokutya
• igazi kumchamo
• urhudo
• igazi elonyukayo

Abantwana abanesifo se-nephrotic syndrome bafumana usulelo ngakumbi kunesiqhelo. Kungenxa yokuba iiproteni eziqhelekileyo ezibakhusela kusulelo zilahlekile kumchamo wabo. Banokuba ne-cholesterol ephezulu yegazi.

I-Nephrotic syndrome kubantu abadala

Njengakubantwana, i-nephrotic syndrome kubantu abadala inokuba nezizathu zokuqala nezesekondari. Kubantu abadala, esona sizathu siphambili se-nephrotic syndrome kukugxila kwiglomerulosclerosis (FSGS) esegmental.

Le meko inxulunyaniswa nembono ehlwempuzekileyo. Inani leeprotein ezikhoyo kumchamo yinto ebalulekileyo ekumiseleni isigxina kwaba bantu. Phantse isiqingatha sabantu abane-FSGS kunye nephrotic syndrome inkqubela phambili kwisifo sokugqibela sesifo sezintso kwiminyaka emi-5 ukuya kweli-10.

Nangona kunjalo, oonobangela besibini be-nephrotic syndrome nabo badlala indima ebalulekileyo kubantu abadala. Kuqikelelwa ukuba ngaphezulu kwama-50 eepesenti amatyala esifo se-nephrotic kubantu abadala abanesizathu sesibini seswekile okanye i-lupus.

Ukuxilongwa kwesifo seNephrotic

Ukuchonga isifo se-nephrotic, ugqirha wakho uya kuqala athathe imbali yakho yonyango. Uya kubuzwa malunga neempawu zakho, nawaphi na amayeza owathathayo, nokuba unayo na imeko yezempilo.

Ugqirha wakho uya kwenza uvavanyo lomzimba. Oku kunokubandakanya izinto ezinje ngokulinganisa uxinzelelo lwegazi kunye nokumamela intliziyo yakho.

Iimvavanyo ezininzi zisetyenziselwa ukunceda ukufumanisa isifo se-nephrotic. Ziquka:

• Uvavanyo lomchamo. Uya kucelwa ukuba unikeze isampuli yomchamo. Oku kungathunyelwa elebhu ukufumanisa ukuba unazo na iiproteyini eziphezulu kumchamo wakho. Ngamanye amaxesha, unokucelwa ukuba uqokelele umchamo kwisithuba seeyure ezingama-24.
• Uvavanyo lwegazi. Kwezi mvavanyo, isampulu yegazi iyakuthathwa kumthambo wengalo yakho. Isampulu inokuhlaziywa ukujonga amanqaku egazi ekusebenzeni konke kwezintso, amanqanaba egazi e-albhamuin, kunye ne-cholesterol kunye namanqanaba e-triglyceride.
• I-Ultrasound. I-ultrasound isebenzisa amaza esandi ukwenza umfanekiso wezintso zakho. Ugqirha wakho unokusebenzisa imifanekiso eyenziweyo ukuvavanya ubume bezintso zakho.
• Uqhaqho. Ngexesha le-biopsy, kuya kuqokelelwa isampulu encinci yezicubu zezintso. Oku kungathunyelwa kwilebhu ukuvavanywa ngakumbi kwaye kunokunceda ukufumanisa ukuba yintoni enokubangela imeko yakho.

Iingxaki zesifo se-nephrotic

Ukuphulukana neeproteni egazini lakho kunye nomonakalo kwizintso kunokukhokelela kwiingxaki ezahlukeneyo. Eminye imizekelo yeengxaki ezinokwenzeka ukuba umntu onesifo se-nephrotic angaba nazo zibandakanya:

• Amahlwili egazi. Iiproteni ezikhusela ukuthintelwa kwegazi kunokulahleka egazini, zikhulisa umngcipheko wamahlwili egazi.
• I-cholesterol ephezulu kunye ne-triglycerides. I-cholesterol engaphezulu kunye ne-triglycerides inokukhutshwa kwigazi lakho. Oku kunokuphakamisa umngcipheko wesifo sentliziyo.
• Igazi elonyukayo. Ukonakala kwezintso kungalonyusa inani leemveliso zenkunkuma egazini lakho. Oku kunokunyusa uxinzelelo lwegazi.
• Ukungondleki. Ukuphulukana neprotein egazini kunokukhokelela ekulahlekeni kobunzima, obunokugutyungelwa kukudumba (i-edema).
• Ukunqongophala kwegazi. Ukusilela kweeseli ezibomvu zegazi zokuhambisa ioksijini kumalungu nakwizicubu zomzimba wakho.
• Isifo sezintso esinganyangekiyo. Izintso zakho zinokuphulukana nomsebenzi wazo ngokuhamba kwexesha, zifuna i-dialysis okanye ukufakelwa kwezintso.
• Ukungaphumeleli kwezintso. Ukonakala kwezintso kunokubangela ukuba izintso zakho ziyeke ukucoca inkunkuma, efuna ungenelelo olungxamisekileyo nge-dialysis.
• Usulelo. Abantu abane-nephrotic syndrome banomngcipheko okhulayo wokufumana usulelo, njenge-pneumonia kunye ne-meningitis.
• Ukungasebenzi kwe-thyroid gland (hypothyroidism). Idlala lengqula lakho alilenzi ngokwaneleyo idlala lengqula.
• Imithambo yegazi. Ukuncipha kwemithambo yegazi kunciphisa ukuhamba kwegazi kuye entliziyweni.

Iimpawu zomngcipheko wesifo seNephrotic

Kukho izinto ezinokukubeka emngciphekweni okhulayo we-nephrotic syndrome. Oku kunokubandakanya:

• Imeko ephantsi enokubangela ukonakala kwezintso. Imizekelo yeemeko ezinjalo ibandakanya izinto ezinjengeswekile, ilupus, okanye ezinye izifo zezintso.
• Usulelo oluthile. Kukho ezinye izifo ezinokunyusa umngcipheko we-nephrotic syndrome, kuquka i-HIV, i-hepatitis B kunye no-C, kunye ne-malaria.
• Amayeza. Ezinye iziyobisi ezilwa nosulelo kunye nee-NSAID zinokunyusa umngcipheko wesifo se-nephrotic.

Khumbula ukuba ngenxa yokuba unenye yezi zinto zobungozi akuthethi ukuba uza kuphuhlisa isifo se-nephrotic. Nangona kunjalo, kubalulekile ukubeka iliso kwimpilo yakho kwaye ubone ugqirha wakho ukuba ngaba uneempawu ezingqinelanayo nephrotic syndrome.

Imbonakalo yesifo seNephrotic

Umbono wesifo se-nephrotic unokuhluka. Kuxhomekeke kwinto ebangela ukuba yenzeke kunye nempilo yakho iyonke.

Ezinye zezifo ezibangela i-nephrotic syndrome zibangcono ngokwazo okanye ngonyango. Nje ukuba isifo esinganyangekiyo sinyangwe, isifo se-nephrotic kufuneka siphucule.

Nangona kunjalo, ezinye iimeko zinokukhokelela ekusileleni kwezintso, nokuba kunyango. Xa oku kusenzeka, kuya kufuneka i-dialysis kunye nokufakelwa kwezintso.

Ukuba uneempawu ezikhathazayo okanye ucinga ukuba unokuba nesifo i-nephrotic syndrome, yenza idinga nogqirha wakho ukuxoxa ngezinto ezinixhalabisayo.