Neuroblastoma: yintoni, iimpawu kunye nonyango

Umxholo

• Iimpawu eziphambili kunye neempawu
• Indlela yokuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa
• Unyango lwenziwa njani

I-Neuroblastoma luhlobo lomhlaza oluchaphazela iiseli zenkqubo yemfesane enovelwano, enoxanduva lokulungiselela umzimba ukuba uphendule kwiimeko zongxamiseko noxinzelelo. Olu hlobo lwethumba lukhula ebantwaneni ukuya kuthi ga kwiminyaka emi-5 ubudala, kodwa ukuxilongwa kuqheleke ukwenzeka phakathi kweminyaka eyi-1 ukuya kwe-2 ubudala, kwaye kungaqala kwimithambo-luvo yesifuba, ingqondo, isisu okanye amadlala akwi-adrenal. Intso nganye.

Abantwana abangaphantsi konyaka omnye ubudala kunye namathumba amancinci banethuba elikhulu lokunyanga, ngakumbi xa beqala unyango kwangoko. Xa uxilongo lwenziwa kwangoko kwaye lungabonakali metastases, i-neuroblastoma inokususwa ngonyango ngaphandle kwesidingo sonyango okanye i-antineoplastic iyeza. Ke, ukuxilongwa kwangoko kwe-neuroblastoma kunefuthe elihle ekusindeni komntwana kunye nomgangatho wobomi.

Iimpawu eziphambili kunye neempawu

Iimpawu kunye neempawu ze-neuroblastoma ziyahluka ngokwendawo kunye nobungakanani bethumba, ukongeza ukuba kukho ukuhanjiswa okanye hayi kwaye nokuba eli thumba livelisa iihomoni.

Ngokubanzi, iimpawu kunye neempawu ezibonisa i-neuroblastoma zezi:

• Iintlungu zesisu kunye nokwandiswa;
• Intlungu yethambo;
• Ukuphelelwa ngumdla wokutya;
• Ukuhla ukusinda;
• Ukugula ngokubanzi;
• Ukudinwa kakhulu;
• Ifiva;
• Urhudo;
• Uxinzelelo lwegazi, ngenxa yemveliso yehomoni yithumba ekhokelela kwi-vasoconstriction yeenqanawa;
• Ukwandiswa kwesibindi;
• Amehlo adumbileyo;
• Abafundi abahlukeneyo;
• Ukungabikho kombilo;
• Intloko ebuhlungu;
• Ukudumba emilenzeni;
• Ubunzima bokuphefumla;
• Ukuvela kwemivimbo;
• Inkangeleko yamaqhuqhuva esiswini, empontshwa, entanyeni okanye esifubeni.

Njengoko ithumba likhula kwaye lisasazeka, iimpawu ezijolise ngakumbi kwisiza se-metastasis zinokubonakala. Njengoko iimpawu zingachazwanga, zinokwahluka ukusuka emntwaneni kuye emntwaneni, zinokufana nezinye izifo, kwaye izehlo zesi sifo ziphantsi, i-neuroblastoma ihlala ingafumaneki. Nangona kunjalo, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba ukuxilongwa kwenziwe ngokukhawuleza ukukhusela ukusasazeka kwesisu kunye nokunyuka kwesi sifo.

Indlela yokuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa

Ukuchongwa kwe-neuroblastoma kwenziwa ngeemvavanyo zelebhu kunye nemifanekiso ekufuneka icetyiswe ngugqirha, kuba ukuxilongwa ngokusekwe kwiimpawu zodwa akunakwenzeka. Phakathi kovavanyo oluceliweyo yidosi yeekatekhemini kumchamo, ezi zihomoni eziqhelekileyo eziveliswa ziiseli zenkqubo yemfesane enovelwano, ethi yona ekuhambeni kwegazi ibangele imetabolites enobungakanani bayo buqinisekisiwe kumchamo.

Ukongeza, ukubalwa kwegazi kunye nokuvavanywa kwemifanekiso, njengesifuba kunye nesisu X-reyi, i-ultrasound, i-tomography, i-magnetic resonance kunye ne-bone scintigraphy, umzekelo, ziyaboniswa. Ukugqiba ukufumanisa isifo, i-biopsy inokucelwa kwakhona ukuba iqinisekise ukuba sisifo esibi. Qonda ukuba yeyantoni kwaye yenziwa njani i-biopsy.

Unyango lwenziwa njani

Unyango lwe-neuroblastoma lwenziwa ngokobudala bomntu, impilo ngokubanzi, indawo yethumba, ubungakanani kunye nenqanaba lesi sifo. Kumanqanaba okuqala, unyango lwenziwa kuphela ngotyando lokususa ithumba, ngaphandle kwesidingo sonyango olongezelelweyo.

Nangona kunjalo, kwimeko apho i-metastasis ifunyenwe, i-chemotherapy inokuba yimfuneko ukunciphisa izinga lokuphindaphinda kweeseli ezinobungozi kwaye, ngenxa yoko, ubungakanani besisu, kulandele utyando kunye nonyango olongezelelekileyo nge-chemotherapy kunye ne-radiotherapy. Kwezinye iimeko ezinzulu, ngakumbi xa umntwana esemncinci kakhulu, kunokucetyiswa ukufakelwa umongo wethambo emva kwe-chemo kunye ne-radiotherapy.