Izifo ezisandul 'ukuzalwa Wonke umntu okhulelweyo ufuna kwiRadar yazo

Umxholo

• ICytomegalovirus (CMV)
• Toxoplasmosis
• I-Herpes elula yokuzalwa
• Zika
• Uphengululo lwe

Ukuba unyaka odlulileyo kunye nesiqingatha kuye kwafakazela into enye, kukuba iintsholongwane zinokungaqiniseki. Kwezinye iimeko, usulelo lwe-COVID-19 luvelise iimpawu ezininzi ezimangalisayo, ukusuka kwifiva ephezulu ukuya ekulahlekeni kwencasa kunye nevumba. Kwezinye iimeko, iimpawu zazingabonakali, okanye zingabikho kwaphela. Kwaye kwabanye abantu, "ixesha elide" iimpawu ze-COVID-19 ziqhubekile neentsuku, iiveki, kunye neenyanga emva kokosuleleka.

Kwaye okwahluka ngokuchanekileyo ziintsholongwane ezenzelwe ukusebenza, utshilo uSpencer Kroll, MD, Ph.D., owaziwa kwilizwe liphela yingcali yesifo se-lipid. "Enye yeengxoxo ezinkulu kumayeza kukuba ingaba intsholongwane yinto ephilayo na. Into ecacileyo yeyokuba iintsholongwane ezininzi ziqweqwedisa iiseli zomzimba, zifaka ikhowudi yazo ye-DNA apho inokuthula khona iminyaka. wosulelekile. " (Eyeleleneyo: UGqirha wokugonyela uphendula imibuzo eqhelekileyo malunga noGonyo lweCoronavirus)

Kodwa ngelixa intsholongwane ye-COVID-19 isasazwa ikakhulu ngamasuntswana amancinci kunye namathontsi aphefumlelwa ngaphandle ngumntu osulelekileyo (ngamanye amagama, ukunxiba imaski kubalulekile!), Ezinye iintsholongwane zihanjiswa ngezinye iindlela ezifihlakeleyo.

Kwimeko apho: izifo ezinokudluliselwa zisuka kumntu okhulelweyo ziye kumntwana ongekazalwa. Njengoko uGqr. Kroll ebonisa, nokuba awukaqapheli okwangoku ukuba wosulelwe yintsholongwane, kwaye ihleli ilele kwinkqubo yakho, inokudluliselwa kumntwana wakho ongekazalwa engazi.

Nazi ezinye iintsholongwane "ezingathethiyo" zokuhlala ukhangele ukuba ungumzali olindelekileyo okanye uzama ukukhulelwa.

ICytomegalovirus (CMV)

I-Cytomegalovirus luhlobo lwentsholongwane ye-herpes eyenzeka kwi-1 kwi-200 yokuzalwa enokuthi ibangele inkitha yeziphene zokuzalwa ezinobungozi, ezifana nokungeva, iziphene zengqondo, kunye nemiba yamehlo. Ukwenza izinto zibe mbi ngakumbi, malunga neepesenti ezilithoba kuphela zabasetyhini abakhe beva ngentsholongwane, ngokukaKristen Hutchinson Spytek, umongameli kunye nomseki weNational CMV Foundation. I-CMV inokuchaphazela yonke iminyaka, kwaye ngaphezu kwesiqingatha sabo bonke abantu abadala baya kuba bosulelwe yi-CMV ngaphambi kweminyaka engama-40, wongezelela, nangona ngokuqhelekileyo kungenabungozi kubantu abangenalo i-immunocompromised. (Idibeneyo: Isizathu esiPhambili seZiphako zokuzalwa ekusenokwenzeka ukuba awuzange uve ngazo)

Kodwa xa intsholongwane idluliselwa kusana lusuka kumntu okhulelweyo owosulelekileyo, izinto zinokuba yingxaki. Kubo bonke abantwana abazalwa benosulelo lweCMV lokuzalwa, omnye kwabahlanu ukhulisa ukukhubazeka njengokulahleka kombono, ukulahleka kwendlebe, kunye neminye imiba yezonyango, ngokweSizwe seCMV Foundation. Bahlala besokola ngezi zigulo kubomi babo bonke kuba okwangoku akukho sitofu sokugonya okanye unyango oluqhelekileyo okanye isitofu sokugonya i-CMV.

Oko kutshiwo, abantwana abasandul’ ukuzalwa banokuxilonga esi sifo kwisithuba seeveki ezintathu bezelwe, utsho uPablo J. Sanchez, M.D., ingcali yezifo ezosulelayo zabantwana kunye nomphandi oyintloko kwiZiko loPhando lwePerinatal kwiZiko loPhando. Kwaye ukuba i-CMV ifunyanwe ngelo xesha, i-Spytek ithi amayeza athile e-antiviral anokunciphisa ubunzima bokulahlekelwa kwindlebe okanye ukuphucula iziphumo zophuhliso. "Umonakalo obangelwe kukuzalwa kwe-CMV awunakubuyiselwa umva, kodwa."

Abantu abakhulelweyo banokuthatha amanyathelo okuthintela ukusasazeka kwesifo kumntwana ongekazalwa, utshilo uSpytek. Nazi iingcebiso eziphambili ze-National CMV Foundation:

1. Ungabelani ngokutya, izitya, iziselo, iindiza, okanye iibrashi, kwaye ungafaki isiqinisi somntwana emlonyeni wakho. Oku kuya kuye nabani na, kodwa ngakumbi nabantwana abaphakathi kweminyaka enye ukuya kwemihlanu, njengoko intsholongwane ixhaphake ingakumbi kubantwana abancinci kumaziko okugcina abantwana.
2. Wanga umntwana esidleleni okanye entloko, endaweni yomlomo wabo. Ibhonasi: Iintloko zeentsana zinuka ah-ukujonga. Yinyaniso yesayensi. Kwaye uzive ukhululekile ukunika zonke iihugs!
3. Hlamba izandla zakho ngesepha namanzi imizuzwana eyi-15 ukuya kwengama-20 emva kokutshintsha amalweyile, ukondla umntwana omncinane, ukuphatha izinto zokudlala, nokosula amathontsi, impumlo, okanye iinyembezi zomntwana omncinane.

Toxoplasmosis

Ukuba unomhlobo we-feline, kukho ithuba lokuba uvile ngentsholongwane ebizwa ngokuba yi-toxoplasmosis. "Sisifo esibangelwa yi-parasite," kuchaza uGail J. Harrison, M.D., uprofesa kwiSebe le-Pediatrics kunye nePathology kunye ne-Immunology kwi-Baylor College of Medicine. Ixhaphake kakhulu kwilindle lekati, kodwa ingafunyanwa nakwinyama engaphekwanga okanye engaphekwanga kunye namanzi angcolileyo, izitya, iibhodi zokusika, njl njl. ukuhlamba izandla kubaluleke ngakumbi). (Idibeneyo: Kutheni ungafanelekanga ukuba uphume malunga nezifo zeCat-Scratch Disease)

Ngelixa abantu abaninzi bekhula okwethutyana njengeempawu zomkhuhlane okanye kungekho zimpawu kwaphela kwesi sifo, xa sidluliselwe kusana olungekazalwa, oko kunokubangela iingxaki ezininzi, utshilo uGqirha Harrison. Abantwana abazelwe benayo i-toxoplasmosis yokuzalwa banokuphuhlisa ukulahleka kwendlebe, imiba yamehlo (kubandakanya ukungaboni), kunye nokukhubazeka kwengqondo, ngokwe-Mayo Clinic. (Kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele, nangona kunjalo, ukuba i-toxoplasmosis ihamba yodwa kwaye inokunyangwa ngamayeza athile kubantu abadala.)

Ukuba wosulelwe yintsholongwane ngexesha lokukhulelwa kwakho, kukho ithuba lokuba uyidlulisele kusana lwakho olungekazalwa. Ngokutsho kweSibhedlele saBantwana saseBoston, elo thuba liipesenti ezili-15 ukuya kuma-20 xa usuleleke ngexesha lakho lokuqala leenyanga ezintathu, nangaphezulu kweepesenti ezingama-60 ngexesha lesithathu lesithathu.

Kukho iindlela ezahlukeneyo zonyango ezifumanekayo kwiintsana ezizalwa zine-toxoplasmosis, kodwa ukubheja kwakho kukuthatha amanyathelo okukhusela ngexesha lokukhulelwa, ngokutsho kweKliniki yaseMayo. Apha, iKliniki yaseMayo inikezela ngeengcebiso ezimbalwa:

1. Zama ukuphuma ngaphandle kwebhokisi yenkunkuma. Akukho mfuneko yokuba uzisuse ngokupheleleyo iiMuffins zikaMnu., kodwa zama ukuba nelinye ilungu lekhaya licoce ilindle labo. Ngaphezu koko, ukuba ikati yikati yangaphandle, zigcine ngaphakathi ngexesha lokukhulelwa kwakho kwaye ubondle kuphela ukutya okusemathinini okanye ukutya (akukho nto eluhlaza).
2. Sukuyitya inyama ekrwada okanye engaphekwanga kakuhle, kwaye uhlambe zonke izinto, iibhodi zokusika, kunye nomgangatho wokulungiselela kakuhle. Oku kubaluleke kakhulu kwigusha, ihagu, kunye nenyama yenkomo.
3. Nxiba iiglavu xa usebenza egadini okanye xa uphatha umhlaba, uze ugqume naziphi iibhokisi zesanti. Qinisekisa ukuba uhlamba izandla zakho kakuhle emva kokubamba nganye.
4. Musa ukusela ubisi olungafakwanga ubisi.

I-Herpes elula yokuzalwa

I-Herpes yintsholongwane eqhelekileyo - i-World Health Organization iqikelela ukuba i-3.7 yezigidigidi zabantu abangaphantsi kweminyaka engama-50, phantse isinye kwisithathu sabemi behlabathi, bosulelekile. Oko kwathiwa, ukuba unayo i-herpes ngaphambi kokukhulelwa, usemngciphekweni ophantsi wokuhambisa le ntsholongwane emntwaneni wakho, yongeza i-WHO.

Kodwa ukuba uyayifumana intsholongwane okokuqala emva kwexesha lokukhulelwa kwakho, ngakumbi ukuba ikumalungu akho esini (hayi ngomlomo), umngcipheko wokudluliselwa kusana uphezulu kakhulu. (Kwaye khumbula, akukho sitofu sokugonya okanye unyango lwe-herpes naluphi na uhlobo.) (Eyeleleneyo: Yintoni ekufuneka uyazi malunga noGonyo lwe-COVID kunye neHerpes)

I-herpes simplex ye-Congenital yenzeka malunga nama-30 kuyo yonke i-100,000 yokuzalwa, kwaye uninzi lweempawu zibonakala ngaphakathi kwiveki yokuqala neyesibini yobomi, ngokweSibhedlele saBantwana saseBoston. Kwaye njengoko uGqirha Harrison elumkisa, iimpawu zinzima. "[I-herpes simplex yokuzalwa] kwiintsana ineziphumo ezibuhlungu, ngamanye amaxesha kuquka nokufa." Uphawula ukuba abantwana badla ngokusuleleka kumjelo wokubeleka ngexesha lokubeleka.

Ukuba ukhulelwe, ukuziqhelanisa nokwabelana ngesondo ngokukhuselekileyo kubalulekile ukuthintela usulelo. Sebenzisa iikhondom, kwaye ukuba kukho umntu omaziyo oneempawu ezisebenzayo ezinxulumene nentsholongwane (ukuthi, unoqhambuko lwasemzimbeni kumalungu akhe angasese okanye emlonyeni), hlamba izandla zakho rhoqo ngakubo.Ukuba umntu unesifo esibandayo (esijongwa njengeentsholongwane ze-herpes), yeka ukumanga loo mntu okanye ukwabelana notywala. Okokugqibela, ukuba iqabane lakho line-herpes, sukulala ngesondo ukuba iimpawu zabo ziyasebenza. (Ngakumbi apha: Yonke into ekufuneka uyazi malunga neHerpes kunye nendlela yokuvavanyelwa yona)

Zika

Nangona igama isifo esikho elizweni jikelele Kutshanje iyafana nosulelo lwe-COVID-19, phakathi kowama-2015 kunye no-2017, omnye ubhubhani oyingozi kakhulu wawugquba kwihlabathi liphela: intsholongwane yeZika. Ngokufana ne-CMV, abantu abadala abasempilweni ngokwesiqhelo ababi nazimpawu xa bosulelwe yintsholongwane, kwaye ihlala izigqiba ngokwayo, ngokwe-WHO.

Kodwa xa idluliselwa kusana ngesibeleko, inokubangela iingxaki ezinzulu, utsho uGqr. Kroll. "[Zika] inokubangela i-microcephaly, okanye intloko encinci, kunye nezinye iziphene zobuchopho kwiintsana," ucacisa. "Inokubangela ukuba ne-hydrocephalus ezalwe nayo [ulwelo oluninzi kwingqondo], i-chorioretinitis [ukudumba kwe-choroid, ulwelo lwe-retina], kunye nemiba yophuhliso lobuchopho." (Eyeleleneyo: Ngaba usenexhala malunga neNtsholongwane kaZika?)

Oko kwathiwa, ukuhanjiswa kusana olungekazalwa xa umama wosulelekile kunganikwanga. Kubantu abakhulelweyo abane-Zika usulelo olusebenzayo, kukho iipesenti ezi-5 ukuya kwezi-10 zamathuba okuba intsholongwane iya kudluliselwa kusana lwabo olusandula kuzalwa, ngokwe-CDC. Iphepha elipapashwe kwi Ijenali eNtsha yaseNgilani yoNyango kuphawulwe ukuba kuphela isi-4 ukuya kwi-6 ekhulwini kwezo meko zikhokelela kukukhubazeka kwe-microcephaly.

Nangona elo thuba lincinci, kwaye nangona i-Zika yayikwizinga eliphezulu losulelo kwiminyaka emihlanu eyadlulayo, iyanceda ukuthatha amanyathelo okhuseleko ngexesha lokukhulelwa. Abasetyhini abakhulelweyo kufuneka bakuphephe ukuya kumazwe aneZika ngoku. Kwaye ekubeni intsholongwane isasazwa ngokulunywa yingcongconi eyosulelekileyo, abafazi abakhulelweyo kufuneka bahlale belumkile kwiindawo ezishushu okanye ezishushu (ingakumbi apho kukho iimeko zeZika), i-WHO iphawula. Okwangoku, akukho ziqhambuko zinkulu, ngaphandle kweemeko ezizimeleyo.

Uphengululo lwe