Isikhokelo se-Over-the-Counter (OTC) Anti-Inflammatories

Umxholo

• Sebenzisa
• Iindidi zeeNSAID
• Imiphumela
• Iingxaki zesisu
• Iingxaki zentliziyo
• Nini ukufuna unyango
• Ukusebenzisana kweziyobisi
• Kubantwana
• Isifo sikaReye
• Iingcebiso zokusebenzisa i-OTC NSAIDs
• Vavanya iimfuno zakho
• Funda iilebhile
• Zigcine ngokufanelekileyo
• Thatha idosi echanekileyo
• Nini ukuthintela ii-NSAID
• Yise kude

Ushwankathelo

Amayeza e-over-the-counter (OTC) ngamachiza onokuwathenga ngaphandle kommiselo kagqirha. Izidakamizwa ezichasayo ezichasayo (i-NSAID) ziziyobisi ezinceda ukunciphisa ukuvuvukala, okuhlala kukunceda ukunciphisa intlungu. Ngamanye amagama, ziziyobisi ezichasayo.

Nazi iiNSAID eziqhelekileyo ze-OTC:

• aspirin yedosi ephezulu
• ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin, Midol)
• I-naproxen (Aleve, uNaprosyn)

Ii-NSAID zinokusebenza kakuhle. Bavame ukusebenza ngokukhawuleza kwaye ngokubanzi baneziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezimbalwa kune-corticosteroids, ekwehlisa nokudumba.

Nangona kunjalo, ngaphambi kokuba usebenzise i-NSAID, kufuneka uyazi malunga neziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezinokwenzeka kunye nokuhlangana kweziyobisi. Funda olu lwazi kunye neengcebiso malunga nendlela yokusebenzisa ii-NSAID ngokukhuselekileyo nangokufanelekileyo.

Sebenzisa

Ii-NSAID zisebenza ngokuthintela i-prostaglandins, ezizinto ezikhuthaza ukuphela kwentliziyo yakho kunye nokwandisa iintlungu ngexesha lokudumba. IiProstaglandins zikwadlala indima ekulawuleni iqondo lobushushu lomzimba wakho.

Ngokuthintela iziphumo ze-prostaglandins, ii-NSAID ziyanceda ekunciphiseni iintlungu kwaye yehlise umkhuhlane wakho. Ngapha koko, ii-NSAID zinokuba luncedo ekunciphiseni iintlobo ezininzi zokubandezeleka, kubandakanya:

• intloko ebuhlungu
• umqolo obuhlungu
• iintlungu zemisipha
• ukudumba kunye nokuqina okubangelwa sisifo samathambo kunye nezinye iimeko zokuvuvukala
• iintlungu zokuya exesheni neentlungu
• iintlungu emva kotyando oluncinci
• i-sprains okanye enye ingozi

Ii-NSAID zibaluleke ngokukodwa ekulawuleni iimpawu zesifo samathambo, ezinjengentlungu edibeneyo, ukudumba, kunye nokuqina. Ii-NSAID zihlala zingabizi kwaye zifikeleleke ngokulula, ngenxa yoko zihlala zingamayeza okuqala amiselweyo kubantu abane-arthritis.

I-anticoxib ye-drug prescoxib (i-Celebrex) ihlala ichazwa kulawulo lwexesha elide lweempawu zesifo samathambo. Kungenxa yokuba kulula kwisisu sakho kunezinye ii-NSAID.

Iindidi zeeNSAID

Ii-NSAID zivimba i-enzyme cyclooxygenase (COX) ekudaleni i-prostaglandins. Umzimba wakho uvelisa iintlobo ezimbini ze-COX: i-COX-1 kunye ne-COX-2.

I-COX-1 ikhusela isisu sakho, ngelixa i-COX-2 ibangela ukudumba. Uninzi lwe-NSAID aluchanekanga, oko kuthetha ukuba bavimba ii-COX-1 kunye ne-COX-2.

Ii-NSAID ezingacacanga ezikhoyo kwi-counter e-United States zibandakanya:

• aspirin yedosi ephezulu
• ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin, Midol)
• I-naproxen (Aleve, uNaprosyn)

I-aspirin yedosi ephantsi ayihloliswanga njengeNSAID.

Ii-NSAID ezingacacanga ezifumaneka ngugqirha eMelika zibandakanya:

• diclofenac (iZorvolex)
• diflunisal
• etodolac
• ifototidine / ibuprofen (Ngenxaxis)
• flurbiprofen
• indomethacin (iTivorbex)
• ketoprofen
• i-mefenamic acid (iPonstel)
• imeloxicam (Vivlodex, iMobic)
• mzantsiweb
• oxaprozin (iDaypro)
• ipiroxicam (Feldene)
• sulindac

I-COX-2 inhibitors ekhethiweyo zii-NSAID ezithintela i-COX-2 ngakumbi kune-COX-1. I-Celecoxib (i-Celebrex) okwangoku kukuphela kwe-COX-2 inhibitor efumanekayo ngugqirha eMelika.

Imiphumela

Kungenxa yokuba ungathenga ii-NSAID ngaphandle kommiselo akuthethi ukuba azinabungozi ngokupheleleyo. Kukho iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezinokubakho kunye neengozi, ezona zixhaphakileyo sisisu, irhasi kunye norhudo.

Ii-NSAID zenzelwe ukuba zisetyenziswe ngamanye amaxesha kunye nexesha elifutshane. Umngcipheko weziphumo ebezingalindelekanga unyusa ixesha elide uzisebenzisa.

Soloko uthetha nomboneleli wakho wezempilo ngaphambi kokusebenzisa ii-NSAID, kwaye ungathathi iintlobo ezahlukeneyo ze-NSAID ngaxeshanye.

Iingxaki zesisu

Ii-NSAID zivimba i-COX-1, enceda ukukhusela isisu sakho. Ngenxa yoko, ukuthatha ii-NSAID kunokuba negalelo kwiingxaki ezincinci zesisu, kubandakanya:

• isisu esimoshakele
• irhasi
• urhudo
• isilungulela
• isicaphucaphu nokugabha
• ukuqhina

Kwiimeko ezinzima kakhulu, ukuthatha ii-NSAID kunokucaphukisa isisu sakho ukugcwala ngokwaneleyo ukwenza isilonda. Ezinye izilonda zinokukhokelela nakwigazi langaphakathi.

Ukuba ufumana naziphi na iimpawu ezilandelayo, yeka ukusebenzisa i-NSAID ngokukhawuleza kwaye ubize umnikezeli wakho wezempilo:

• iintlungu ezinzima zesisu
• isitulo esimnyama okanye sokulinda
• igazi kwisitulo sakho

Umngcipheko wokukhula kwemicimbi yesisu uphezulu kubantu:

• thatha ii-NSAID rhoqo
• Unembali yezilonda esiswini
• thatha abacoci gazi okanye ii-corticosteroids
• bangaphezulu kweminyaka yobudala engama-65

Unokunciphisa ukubakho kokukhula kwemicimbi yesisu ngokuthatha ii-NSAID ngokutya, ubisi, okanye i-antacid.

Ukuba uhlakulela imiba yesisu, umboneleli wakho wezempilo unokukukhuthaza ukuba utshintshe kwi-COX-2 inhibitor efana ne-celecoxib (i-Celebrex). Azinakufane zibangele ukucaphuka kwesisu kunee-NSAID ezingacacanga.

Iingxaki zentliziyo

Ukuthatha ii-NSAID kwandisa umngcipheko wakho:

• ukuhlaselwa yintliziyo
• ukumelwa yintliziyo
• ukubetha
• amahlwili egazi

Umngcipheko wokuphuhlisa le miba uyanda ngokusetyenziswa rhoqo kunye needosi eziphezulu.

Abantu abanesifo sentliziyo banomngcipheko okhulayo wokukhula kwemicimbi enxulumene nentliziyo ekuthatheni ii-NSAID.

Nini ukufuna unyango

Yeka ukuthatha i-NSAID kwangoko kwaye ufune unyango ukuba ufumana naziphi na kwezi mpawu zilandelayo:

• kukhala ezindlebeni zakho
• ukungaboni kakuhle
• irhashalala, urhashalala, kunye nokurhawuzelela
• ukugcinwa kolwelo
• igazi kumchamo wakho okanye ilindle
• ukugabha kunye negazi emhlanzweni wakho
• iintlungu ezinzima zesisu
• iintlungu zesifuba
• ukukhawuleza kwentliziyo
• inyongo

Ukusebenzisana kweziyobisi

Ii-NSAID zinokusebenzisana namanye amayeza. Amanye amachiza asebenza kancinci xa enxibelelana nee-NSAID. Imizekelo emibini ngamayeza oxinzelelo lwegazi kunye ne-aspirin yedosi ephantsi (xa isetyenziswa njengegazi elincinci).

Olunye udibaniso lweziyobisi lunokubangela iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezibi. Lumka xa usebenzisa la machiza alandelayo:

• IWarfarin. Ii-NSAIDs zinokwenyusa isiphumo se-warfarin (Coumadin), iyeza elisetyenziselwa ukunqanda okanye ukunyanga amahlwili egazi. Umdibaniso ungakhokelela ekopheni kakhulu.
• ICclosporine. I-cyclosporine (i-Neoral, i-Sandimmune) isetyenziselwa ukunyanga i-arthritis okanye i-ulcerative colitis (UC). Ikwachazelwe nabantu abanokufakelwa ilungu. Ukuyithatha nge-NSAID kunokukhokelela kumonakalo wezintso.
• ILithium. Ukudibanisa ii-NSAID kunye nokuzinzisa iziyobisi i-lithium kunokukhokelela ekwakhiweni okuyingozi kwe-lithium emzimbeni wakho.
• I-aspirin yedosi ephantsi. Ukuthatha ii-NSAID nge-aspirin yedosi ephantsi kunokunyusa umngcipheko wokukhula kwezilonda zesisu.
• Ukukhetha i-serotonin reuptake inhibitors (i-SSRIs). Ukopha ngaphakathi kwinkqubo yokwetyisa kunokuba yingxaki ukuba uthatha ii-NSAIDs ngokukhetha i-serotonin reuptake inhibitors (i-SSRIs).
• Womchamo. Ngokuqhelekileyo akuyiyo ingxaki ukuthatha ii-NSAID ukuba uthatha i-diuretics. Nangona kunjalo, umboneleli wakho wezempilo kufuneka abeke esweni uxinzelelo lwegazi kunye nomonakalo wezintso ngelixa uzithatha zombini.

Kubantwana

Soloko ujonga umboneleli wakho wezempilo ngaphambi kokuba unike ii-NSAID kumntwana ongaphantsi kweminyaka emi-2 ubudala. Umthamo wabantwana usekwe kubunzima, ke funda itshathi yethamo ebandakanyiwe kunye neziyobisi ukumisela ukuba ingakanani into oza kuyinika umntwana.

Ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin, Midol) yeyona NSAID isetyenziswa kakhulu ebantwaneni. Ikwayiyo yodwa evunyiweyo ukuba isetyenziswe kubantwana abancinci njengeenyanga ezintathu ubudala. INaproxen (Aleve, Naprosyn) inokunikwa abantwana abangaphezulu kweminyaka eli-12 ubudala.

Nangona i-aspirin ivunyiwe ukuba isetyenziswe kubantwana abangaphezulu kweminyaka emi-3 ubudala, abantwana abaneminyaka eli-17 nangaphantsi abanokuba nenkukhu okanye umkhuhlane kufuneka bayiphephe i-aspirin kunye neemveliso ezinayo.

Ukunika i-aspirin ebantwaneni kungonyusa umngcipheko we-Reye's syndrome, imeko enzulu ebangela ukudumba esibindini nasengqondweni.

Isifo sikaReye

Iimpawu zokuqala zeReye's syndrome zihlala zenzeka ngexesha lokuchaphazeleka kusulelo lwentsholongwane, njengenkukhu yenkukhu okanye umkhuhlane. Nangona kunjalo, umntu unokukhulisa iReye's syndrome kwiintsuku ezi-3 ukuya kwezi-5 emva kokuqala kosulelo.

Iimpawu zokuqala kubantwana abangaphantsi kweminyaka emi-2 ubudala kubandakanya isifo sohudo kunye nokuphefumla ngokukhawuleza. Iimpawu zokuqala kubantwana abadala nakwishumi elivisayo zibandakanya ukugabha kunye nokulala okungaqhelekanga.

Iimpawu ezibi kakhulu zibandakanya:

• ukudideka okanye ukubona izinto ezingekhoyo
• ukuba ndlongondlongo okanye ukungakhathali
• ubuthathaka okanye ukukhubazeka kwiingalo nasemilenzeni
• ukuxhuzula
• ukulahleka kwengqondo

Ukuxilongwa kwangoko kunye nonyango kunokusindisa ubomi. Ukuba ukrokrela ukuba umntwana wakho une-Reye's syndrome, funa unyango ngokukhawuleza.

Iingcebiso zokusebenzisa i-OTC NSAIDs

Ukufumana ezona ziphumo zibalaseleyo kunyango lwe-OTC, landela ezi ngcebiso.

Vavanya iimfuno zakho

Amanye amayeza e-OTC, anje nge-acetaminophen (iTylenol), alungile ekuthomalaliseni iintlungu kodwa awancedi ngokudumba. Ukuba unako ukubanyamezela, ii-NSAID mhlawumbi zikhetha ukhetho olungcono lwe-arthritis kunye nezinye iimeko ezivuthayo.

Funda iilebhile

Ezinye iimveliso ze-OTC zidibanisa i-acetaminophen kunye neyeza elichasayo. Ii-NSAID zingafunyanwa kumayeza athile abanda nangomkhuhlane. Qiniseka ukuba ufunda uluhlu lwezithako kuwo onke amayeza e-OTC ukuze wazi ukuba lingakanani ichiza ngalinye olithathayo.

Ukuthatha isithako esisebenzayo kwimveliso yokudibanisa kwandisa umngcipheko weziphumo ebezingalindelekanga.

Zigcine ngokufanelekileyo

Amayeza e-OTC anokulahla ukusebenza kwawo ngaphambi komhla wokuphelelwa ukuba agcinwe kwindawo eshushu, enomswakama, njengekhabhathi yamayeza okuhlamba. Ukuzigcina zihlala, zigcine kwindawo epholileyo neyomileyo.

Thatha idosi echanekileyo

Xa uthatha i-OTC NSAID, qiniseka ukuba ufunda kwaye ulandele umkhombandlela. Iimveliso ziyahluka ngokwamandla, ke qiniseka ukuba uthatha isixa esifanelekileyo ngexesha ngalinye.

Nini ukuthintela ii-NSAID

Ii-NSAID ayisiyonto ilungileyo kuye wonke umntu. Ngaphambi kokuba uthathe la mayeza, jonga kumboneleli wakho wokhathalelo lwempilo ukuba unayo okanye unayo:

• uguquko kwi-aspirin okanye kwenye into yokuphelisa iintlungu
• isifo segazi
• ukuphuma kwesisu, izilonda zep peptic, okanye iingxaki zamathumbu
• uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu okanye isifo sentliziyo
• Isibindi okanye isifo sezintso
• isifo seswekile esinzima ukusilawula
• imbali yokubetha okanye isifo sentliziyo

Qhagamshelana nomboneleli wakho wezempilo ukuba uneminyaka engaphezu kwama-65 ubudala kwaye ucwangcise ukuthatha ii-NSAID.

Ukuba ukhulelwe, nxibelelana nomboneleli wakho wezempilo ngaphambi kokuba uthathe ii-NSAID. Ufumene ukuba ukuthatha ii-NSAID ekuqaleni kokukhulelwa kwakho kunokunyusa umngcipheko wokukhulelwa kwesisu, kodwa izifundo ezininzi ziyafuneka.

Ukuthatha ii-NSAID ngexesha lesithathu lokukhulelwa akukhuthazwa. Banokubangela ukuba isitya segazi entliziyweni yomntwana sivale ngaphambi kwexesha.

Kuya kufuneka uthethe nomboneleli wakho wezempilo malunga nokhuseleko lokusebenzisa i-NSAID ukuba utya iziselo ezinxilisayo ezintathu okanye nangaphezulu ngosuku okanye ukuba uthatha iyeza lokucoca igazi.

Yise kude

Ii-NSAID zinokuba nkulu ekunciphiseni iintlungu ezibangelwa kukukrala, kwaye uninzi luyafumaneka kwikhawuntara. Buza umboneleli wakho wezempilo malunga nedosi efanelekileyo, kwaye ungagqithi kuloo mda.

Ii-NSAID zinokuba zizithako kumayeza athile, ke qiniseka ukuba ufunda ilebheli yayo nayiphi na ichiza le-OTC olithathayo.