Umhlaza wemiphunga ongabalulekanga ngokuchasene neSeli encinci: iintlobo, amanqanaba, iimpawu kunye nonyango

Umxholo

• Yintoni umhlaza wamaphaphu ongaqhelekanga?
• Yintoni umdlavuza omncinci wamaphaphu?
• Zithini iimpawu zomhlaza wemiphunga?
• Usasazeka njani umhlaza wemiphunga?
• Ngawaphi amanqanaba omhlaza wemiphunga?
• Unyangwa njani umhlaza wemiphunga?
• Uyintoni umbono womhlaza wemiphunga?

Ushwankathelo

Umhlaza wemiphunga ukhula kwiiseli ezingqamene nebronchi nakwinxalenye yethishu yemiphunga ebizwa ngokuba yialveoli, ezingumoya womoya apho kutshintshiselana khona iigesi. Utshintsho kwi-DNA lubangela ukuba iiseli zikhule ngokukhawuleza.

Zimbini iintlobo eziphambili zomhlaza wemiphunga: umhlaza wemiphunga ongekho mncinci (NSCLC) kunye nomhlaza wesifo somhlaza esincinci (SCLC).

Qhubeka ufunda ukuze ufumane okungakumbi malunga nokufana nokwahluka phakathi kwezi ndidi zimbini.

Yintoni umhlaza wamaphaphu ongaqhelekanga?

Phantse ama-80 ukuya kuma-85 eepesenti zamatyala omhlaza wemiphunga yi-NSCLC. Zintathu iintlobo ze-NSCLC:

• I-Adenocarcinoma ngumhlaza wemiphunga okhula kancinci uhlala ufumaneka kwindawo engaphandle yemiphunga, rhoqo ngaphambi kokuba ibe nethuba lokusasazeka. Kwenzeka rhoqo kubantu abatshayayo, kodwa yeyona ndlela ixhaphakileyo yomhlaza wemiphunga nakubantu abangatshayiyo.
• I-squamous cell carcinoma ngokubanzi ivela embindini wemiphunga. Ihlala ikhula kubantu abatshayayo.
• Iseli carcinoma enkulu yenzeka naphina emphungeni, kwaye ihlala ikhula kwaye isasazeka ngokukhawuleza.

Yintoni umdlavuza omncinci wamaphaphu?

Phantse i-10 ukuya kwi-15 leepesenti yamatyala omhlaza wemiphunga zii-SCLC.

I-SCLC ihlala iqala kufutshane neziko lesifuba kwi-bronchi. Yindlela ekhula ngokukhawuleza yomhlaza ethanda ukusasazeka kumanqanaba ayo okuqala. Ihlala ikhula kwaye isasazeka ngokukhawuleza kuneNSCLC. I-SCLC inqabile kubantu abangatshayiyo.

Zithini iimpawu zomhlaza wemiphunga?

Isigaba sokuqala somhlaza wemiphunga asihlali sivelisa iimpawu ezibonakalayo. Njengoko umhlaza uqhubeka, kunokubakho:

• ukuqhawukelwa ngumphefumlo
• ukukhohlela
• ukhohlela igazi
• iintlungu zesifuba

Ezinye iimpawu zingabandakanya:

• ukudinwa nokuba buthathaka
• ukuphelelwa ngumdla wokutya kunye nokwehla kobunzima
• ukudinwa
• kunzima ukugwinya
• iintlungu emathanjeni nasemalungwini
• ukudumba kobuso okanye kwentamo

Usasazeka njani umhlaza wemiphunga?

Umhlaza unokusasazeka ukusuka kwithumba lasekuqaleni ukuya kwamanye amalungu omzimba. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-metastasis. Zintathu iindlela ezinokuthi zenzeke:

• Umhlaza unokuhlasela izicwili ezikufuphi.
• Iiseli zomhlaza zinokuhamba ukusuka kwithumba lokuqala ukuya kwii-lymph node ezikufuphi. Banokuhamba ngenkqubo ye-lymphatic ukufikelela kwamanye amalungu omzimba.
• Nje ukuba iiseli zomhlaza zingene egazini, zinokuhamba naphi na emzimbeni (ukusasazeka kwehemato).

I-tumor ye-metastatic eyenza kwenye indawo emzimbeni yinto efanayo yomhlaza njenge-tumor yokuqala.

Ngawaphi amanqanaba omhlaza wemiphunga?

Amanqanaba achaza ukuba umhlaza sele uqhubele phambili kangakanani kwaye usetyenziselwa ukumisela unyango. Amanqanaba omhlaza angaphambi kwexesha ayenombono ongcono kunee-cancer zamva kwexesha.

Amanqanaba omhlaza wemiphunga avela ku-0 kuye ku-4, kwaye inqanaba lesi-4 lelona linzima kakhulu. Kuthetha ukuba umhlaza usasazeke kwamanye amalungu okanye izicwili.

Unyangwa njani umhlaza wemiphunga?

Unyango luxhomekeke kwizinto ezininzi, kubandakanya inqanaba lokuxilongwa. Ukuba umhlaza awusasazekanga, ukususa inxalenye yemiphunga kunokuba linyathelo lokuqala.

Ugqirha, ichemotherapy, kunye nemitha inokusetyenziswa yodwa okanye ngokudibanisa. Olunye ukhetho lonyango lubandakanya unyango lwe-laser kunye nonyango lwe-photodynamic. Amanye amayeza anokusetyenziselwa ukunciphisa iimpawu zomntu ngamnye kunye neziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zonyango. Unyango lulungiselelwe iimeko ezithile kwaye lunokutshintsha ngokufanelekileyo.

Uyintoni umbono womhlaza wemiphunga?

Imbonakalo iyahluka ngohlobo lomhlaza, inqanaba lokuxilongwa, ufuzo, impendulo yonyango, kunye nobudala bomntu kunye nempilo iyonke. Ngokubanzi, amazinga okusinda aphezulu kwinqanaba lokuqala (inqanaba loku-1 nele-2) yomhlaza wemiphunga. Unyango luyaphucuka ngokuhamba kwexesha. Iminyaka emihlanu yokuphila iyabalwa kubantu abaye bafumana unyango ubuncinci kwiminyaka emihlanu edlulileyo. Amanqanaba okusinda eminyaka emihlanu aboniswe ngezantsi anokuthi aphucule njengophando lwangoku.

• Amanqanaba okusinda kweminyaka emihlanu aqala kwiipesenti ezingama-45 ukuya kuma-49 kwabo banezigaba 1A kunye ne-1B NSCLC, ngokwahlukeneyo.
• Amanqanaba okusinda kweminyaka emihlanu aqala kwiipesenti ezingama-30 ukuya kuma-31 kwabo banenqanaba 2A kunye ne-2B NSCLC, ngokwahlukeneyo.
• Amanqanaba okusinda kweminyaka emihlanu ukusuka kwi-5 ukuya kwi-14 yepesenti kwabo banenqanaba 3A kunye ne-3B NSCLC, ngokwahlukeneyo.
• Inqanaba lokusinda kweminyaka emihlanu kwinqanaba le-4 NSCLC yipesenti enye, njengoko umhlaza osasazeke kwamanye amalungu omzimba kuhlala kunzima ukuwunyanga. Nangona kunjalo, uninzi lweendlela zokhetho ziyafumaneka kweli nqanaba lesi sifo.

Ngelixa i-SCLC inoburhalarhume ngakumbi kune-NSCLC, ukufumana nokunyanga yonke imihlaza yomhlaza kwangoko yeyona ndlela ingcono yokuphucula imbonakalo kabani.