Izandi zokuphefumla

Izandi zokuphefumla yingxolo eveliswa lulwakhiwo lwemiphunga ngexesha lokuphefumla.

Izandi zemiphunga zivakala ngcono nge-stethoscope. Oku kubizwa ngokuba kukuzonwabisa.

Izandi zemiphunga eziqhelekileyo zenzeka kuzo zonke iindawo zesifuba, kubandakanya ngaphezulu kweekhola kunye nasezantsi kwembambo.

Usebenzisa i-stethoscope, ugqirha unokuva izandi zokuphefumla eziqhelekileyo, ukunciphisa okanye ukungabikho kwemisindo yokuphefumla, kunye nezandi zokuphefumla ezingaqhelekanga.

Ukungabikho okanye ukunciphisa izandi kunokuthetha:

• Umoya okanye umbane ngaphakathi okanye ngeenxa zonke kwimiphunga (njenge-pneumonia, ukungaphumeleli kwentliziyo, kunye ne-pleural effusion)
• Ukwanda kokuqina kodonga lwesifuba
• Ukunyuka kwamaxabiso ngaphezulu kwenxalenye yemiphunga (i-emphysema kunokubangela oku)
• Ukuncipha komoya ukuya kwinxalenye yemiphunga

Kukho iintlobo ezininzi zezandi ezingaqhelekanga zokuphefumla. Ezi-4 zixhaphakileyo zezi:

• Imigaqo. Ukucofa okuncinci, ukubhuza, okanye ukugquma izandi emiphungeni. Zivakala xa umntu ephefumlela ngaphakathi. Kukholelwa ukuba zenzeka xa umoya uvula izithuba zomoya ezivaliweyo. Imirhumo inokuphinda ichazwe njengofumileyo, eyomileyo, entle, okanye erhabaxa.
• URhonchi. Izandi ezifana nokutsala. Zenzeka xa umoya uvaliwe okanye ukuhamba komoya kuba rhabaxa kwiindlela ezinkulu zomoya.
• Umxhasi. Isandi esinjenge-Wheeze esivakalayo xa umntu ephefumla. Ngokwesiqhelo kungenxa yokuvaleka kokuhamba komoya kwi-windpipe (trachea) okanye ngasemva komqala.
• Ukukhawuleza. Izandi ezivakala kakhulu eziveliswa yindlela yomoya emxinwa. Ukubetha kunye nezinye izandi ezingaqhelekanga ngamanye amaxesha kunokuviwa ngaphandle kwe-stethoscope.

Izizathu zokuphefumla okungaqhelekanga zingabandakanya:

• I-bronchitis enobungozi
• Isifo sombefu
• IBronchiectasis
• I-bronchitis engapheliyo
• Ukusilela kwentliziyo
• I-Emphysema
• Isifo semiphunga esiphakathi
• Ukuthintela umzimba wangaphandle kwindlela yomoya
• Ukukrala kwemiphunga
• Ukudumba kwemiphunga
• Itracheobronchitis

Funa unyango kwangoko ukuba unayo:

• ICyanosis (umbala omnyama walusu)
• Ukuqhuma kwempumlo
• Unengxaki yokuphefumla okanye yokuphefumla kancinci

Nxibelelana nomboneleli wakho wezempilo ukuba unamavili okanye ezinye izandi zokuphefumla ezingaqhelekanga.

Umboneleli wakho uya kwenza uvavanyo lomzimba kwaye akubuze imibuzo malunga nembali yakho yezonyango kunye nokuphefumla kwakho.

Imibuzo inokubandakanya:

• Uqale nini umoya wesandi?
• Lide ixesha elingakanani?
• Ungakuchaza njani ukuphefumla kwakho?
• Yintoni eyenza ibe ngcono okanye ibe mbi?
• Zeziphi ezinye iimpawu onazo?

Umboneleli ufumanisa izandi zokuphefumla ezingaqhelekanga kwiimeko ezininzi. Usenokungaziqondi.

Olu vavanyo lulandelayo lunokwenziwa:

• Uhlalutyo lwesampulu yesikhohlela (inkcubeko yesikhohlela, isikhohlela iGram ibala)
• Uvavanyo lwegazi (kubandakanya igesi yegazi)
• I-x-ray yesifuba
• Ukuxilongwa kwe-CT kwesifuba
• Uvavanyo lomsebenzi wePulmonary
• I-oximetry yentliziyo

Izandi zemiphunga; Izandi zokuphefumla

• Amaphaphu
• Izandi zokuphefumla

Ibhola i-JW, iDain JE, uFlynn JA, uSolomon BS, uStewart RW. Isifuba nemiphunga. Ku: Ibhola i-JW, iDain JE, uFlynn JA, uSolomon BS, uStewart RW, ii-eds. Isikhokelo sikaSiedel kuViwo loMzimba. Umhla we-9. ILouis, MO: Elsevier; I-2019: isahluko 14.

UKraft M. Indlela eya kwisigulana esinezifo zokuphefumla. Ku: IGoldman L, iSchafer AI, ii-eds. Amayeza eGoldman-Cecil. Umhla wama-25. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; I-2016: isahluko 83.