Malunga neNucleoside / Nucleotide Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors (NRTIs)

Umxholo

• Isebenza njani i-HIV ne-NRTIs
• Ii-NRTI ezikhoyo
• Iingcebiso ngokusetyenziswa
• Iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezinokubakho
• Iintlobo zeziphumo ebezingalindelekanga
• Umngcipheko weziphumo ebezingalindelekanga
• Ukuthatha

Ushwankathelo

Intsholongwane kaGawulayo ihlasela iiseli ngaphakathi komzimba womzimba. Ukuze isasazeke, intsholongwane kufuneka ingene kwezi seli kwaye izenzele iikopi zayo. Iikopi ke ziyakhutshwa kwezi seli kwaye zichaphazele ezinye iiseli.

Intsholongwane kaGawulayo ayinakunyangeka, kodwa inokulawulwa.

Unyango nge-nucleoside / nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) yenye yeendlela zokunceda ukunqanda intsholongwane ekuphindaphindeni nasekulawuleni usulelo lwe-HIV. Nazi ke ii-NRTI, zisebenza njani, kunye neziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezinokubangela.

Isebenza njani i-HIV ne-NRTIs

Ii-NRTI zezinye zeeklasi ezintandathu zamachiza ee-antiretroviral asetyenziselwa ukunyanga i-HIV. Amachiza ee-antiretroviral aphazamisa ubuchule bentsholongwane ukuphindaphindeka okanye ukuvelisa kwakhona. Ukunyanga i-HIV, ii-NRTI zisebenza ngokuthintela i-enzyme i-HIV kufuneka izenzele iikopi zayo.

Ngokwesiqhelo, intsholongwane kaGawulayo ingena kwiiseli ezithile zomzimba eziyinxalenye yenkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela. Ezi seli zibizwa ngokuba ziiseli ze-CD4, okanye iiseli zeT.

Emva kokuba i-HIV ingene kwiiseli ze-CD4, intsholongwane iqala ukuzikopa. Ukwenza njalo, kufuneka ikope i-RNA yayo-ukwenziwa kwemfuza yintsholongwane- kwi-DNA. Le nkqubo ibizwa ngokuba yi-reverse transcript kwaye ifuna i-enzyme ebizwa ngokuba yi-reverse transcriptase.

Ii-NRTIs zithintela i-virus transversease transcriptase ekubeni ikope ngokuchanekileyo i-RNA yayo iye kwi-DNA. Ngaphandle kwe-DNA, i-HIV ayinakuzenzela iikopi.

Ii-NRTI ezikhoyo

Okwangoku, uLawulo lokuTya kunye noLawulo lweziyobisi (i-FDA) livume ii-NRTI ezisixhenxe kunyango lwe-HIV. La machiza ayafumaneka njengesiyobisi ngasinye kunye nakwindibaniselwano eyahlukeneyo. Ezi ndlela zibandakanya:

• i-zidovudine (i-Retrovir)
• lamivudine (Epivir)
• abacavir sulphate (iZiagen)
• I-didanosine (Videx)
• ukukhutshwa kokulibaziseka kwe-didanosine (Videx EC)
• I-stavudine (iZerit)
• Emtricitabine (Emtriva)
• i-tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (iViread)
• I-lamivudine kunye ne-zidovudine (Combivir)
• i-abacavir kunye ne-lamivudine (Epzicom)
• i-abacavir, i-zidovudine, kunye ne-lamivudine (iTrizivir)
• i-tenofovir disoproxil fumarate kunye ne-emtricitabine (Truvada)
• i-tenofovir alafenamide kunye ne-emtricitabine (Descovy)

Iingcebiso ngokusetyenziswa

Zonke ezi-NRTI ziza ziziipilisi ezithathwa ngomlomo.

Unyango nge-NRTIs luhlala lubandakanya ukuthatha ii-NRTIs ezimbini kunye nelinye ichiza lodidi olwahlukileyo lwamachiza ee-antiretroviral.

Umboneleli wezempilo uya kukhetha unyango olusekwe kwiziphumo zovavanyo ezinika ulwazi olubalulekileyo malunga nemeko ethile yomntu. Ukuba loo mntu ebethathe amachiza ee-antiretroviral ngaphambili, umboneleli wabo wezononophelo lwempilo uyakukujonga oku xa esenza isigqibo malunga nokhetho kunyango.

Nje ukuba unyango lwe-HIV luqale, amayeza kufuneka athathwe yonke imihla kanye njengoko kuyalelwe. Le yeyona ndlela ibaluleke kakhulu yokunceda ukulawula iimeko ze-HIV. Ezi ngcebiso zilandelayo zinokukunceda ukuqinisekisa ukubambelela kunyango:

• Thatha amayeza ngaxeshanye suku ngalunye.
• Sebenzisa ibhokisi yeepilisi ngeveki enamagumbi osuku ngalunye lweveki. Ezi bhokisi zifumaneka kwiikhemesti ezininzi.
• Hlanganisa ukuthatha iyeza kunye nomsebenzi oko kwenziwa yonke imihla. Oku kuyenza ukuba ibe yinxalenye yemihla ngemihla.
• Sebenzisa ikhalenda ukujonga iintsuku xa kuthathwe amayeza.
• Seta isikhumbuzi sealam ngokuthatha amayeza kwifowuni okanye kwikhompyuter.
• Khuphela usetyenziso lwasimahla ezinganika izikhumbuzo xa ilixesha lokuthatha amayeza. Ukukhangela "ii -apps zokukhumbuza" kuya kubonelela ngeendlela ezininzi. Nazi ezimbalwa ukuzama.
• Cela ilungu losapho okanye umhlobo ukuba anikhumbuze ukuthatha amayeza.
• Yenza amalungiselelo okufumana izikhumbuzo zemiyalezo ebhaliweyo okanye yemiyalezo kumboneleli wezempilo.

Iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezinokubakho

I-NRTIs inokubangela iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga. Ezinye iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zixhaphakile kunezinye, kwaye la machiza anokuchaphazela abantu abohlukileyo ngokwahlukileyo. Impendulo yomntu ngamnye ixhomekeke kwinxalenye yamachiza ababoneleli babo bezempilo kunye nezinye iziyobisi azithathayo.

Ngokubanzi, ii-NRTI ezintsha, ezinje nge-tenofovir, emtricitabine, lamivudine, kunye ne-abacavir, zibangela iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezimbalwa kune-NRTI ezindala, ezifana ne-didanosine, i-stavudine kunye ne-zidovudine.

Iintlobo zeziphumo ebezingalindelekanga

Iziphumo eziqhelekileyo zihlala zihamba nexesha. Oku kunokubandakanya:

• intloko ebuhlungu
• isicaphucaphu
• ukugabha
• urhudo
• isisu esimoshakele

Nangona kunjalo, kukho ezinye iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezixeliweyo. Iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezinokuthi zibandakanye:

• Irhashalala elibi
• ukuncipha kwethambo
• isifo esitsha okanye esibi sezintso
• hepatic steatosis (isibindi esinamafutha)
• i-lipodystrophy (ukuhanjiswa ngokungaqhelekanga kwamafutha omzimba)
• Iziphumo zenkqubo ye-luvo, kubandakanya uxinzelelo, ukudideka, uxinzelelo, okanye isiyezi
• I-lactic acidosis

Nangona ezi ziphumo bezingalindelekanga aziqhelekanga, kubalulekile ukwazi ukuba zinokwenzeka kwaye uzixoxe nomboneleli wezempilo. Ezinye iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zinokuphetshwa okanye zilawulwe.

Nabani na ohlangabezana neziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezimandundu kufuneka aqhakamshelane nomboneleli wabo wezempilo kwangoko ukuze aqonde ukuba kufuneka baqhubeke nokuthatha amayeza. Akufanele bayeke ukuthatha iziyobisi ngokwabo.

Ukujongana neziphumo ebezingalindelekanga kunokuba mbi, kodwa ukuyeka iyeza kunokuvumela intsholongwane ukuba ikhule ichasene. Oku kuthetha ukuba iyeza linokuyeka ukusebenza ukuthintela intsholongwane ekuziphindaphindeni. Umboneleli wezempilo unokukwazi ukutshintsha indibaniselwano yamachiza ukunciphisa iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga.

Umngcipheko weziphumo ebezingalindelekanga

Umngcipheko weziphumo ebezingalindelekanga unokuphakama kuxhomekeke kwimbali yezonyango kunye nendlela yokuphila. Ngokwe-NIH, umngcipheko wezinye iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga unokuphakama ukuba umntu:

• ngumntu obhinqileyo okanye otyebe kakhulu (umngcipheko ekuphela kwawo ophezulu ngulowo we-lactic acidosis)
• kuthatha ezinye iziyobisi
• unezinye iimeko zonyango

Kwakhona, ukunxila kunokwandisa umngcipheko wokonakaliswa kwesibindi. Umntu onazo naziphi na kwezi zinto zobungozi kufuneka athethe nomboneleli wezempilo ngaphambi kokuba athathe ii-NRTI.

Ukuthatha

Ii-NRTI zezinye zeyeza ezenze ukuba ulawulo lwe-HIV lubekho. Kwezi ziyobisi zibalulekileyo, iinguqulelo ezintsha zibangela iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezimbalwa kakhulu kuneenguqulelo zangaphambili, kodwa ezinye iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zisenokubakho nakweliphi na kula mayeza.

Kubalulekile ukuba abantu ababoneleli babo bezempilo babeke ii-NRTI ukuba zinamathele kwisicwangciso sabo sonyango sokulawula i-HIV. Ukuba baneziphumo ebezingalindelekanga kunyango lwe-antiretroviral, banokuzama ezi ngcebiso zokunciphisa ezo ziphumo bezingalindelekanga. Okubaluleke ngakumbi, banokuthetha nomboneleli wabo wezempilo, abanokwenza iingcebiso okanye batshintshe isicwangciso sabo sonyango ukunceda ukunciphisa iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga.