Isondlo sokungenisa: yintoni kwaye yenzelwe ntoni
Umxholo
- Yenzelwe ntoni
- Iindidi zesondlo sokungena
- Ungamondla njani umntu ngesondlo sokungena ngaphakathi
- 1. Ukutya okutyunyuziweyo
- 2. Iifomula zokungenela
- Iingxaki ezinokwenzeka
- Xa ingasetyenziswa
Ukutya okunesondlo luhlobo lokutya oluvumela ukulawulwa kwazo zonke izakha mzimba, okanye inxenye yazo, ngenkqubo yesisu, xa umntu engakwazi ukutya ukutya okuqhelekileyo, nokuba kungenxa yokuba kubalulekile ukongeza iikhalori ezininzi, okanye kuba kukho ilahleko yezondlo, okanye ngenxa yokuba kufuneka ushiye inkqubo yokwetyisa uphumle.
Olu hlobo lwesondlo lwenziwa ngombhobho, owaziwa ngokuba yityhubhu yokondla, enokufakwa ukusuka empumlweni, okanye emlonyeni, esiswini, okanye emathunjini. Ubude bayo nendawo efakwe kuyo iyahluka ngokwesi sifo, imeko yezempilo ngokubanzi, ubude bexesha eliqikelelweyo kunye nenjongo ekufuneka iphunyeziwe.
Enye indlela engaqhelekanga yokuhambisa ukutya ngaphakathi kungenxa ye-ostomy, apho ityhubhu ibekwa ngokuthe ngqo kulusu ukuya esiswini okanye emathunjini, iboniswa xa olu hlobo lokondla kufuneka lwenziwe ngaphezulu kweeveki ezi-4, njengoko kusenzeka iimeko zabantu abane-Alzheimer's advanced.
Yenzelwe ntoni
Ukutya okunesondlo kusetyenziswa xa kufuneka kulawulwe iikhalori ezingaphezulu kwaye ezi azinakunikezelwa kukutya okuqhelekileyo, okanye xa isifo singavumeli ukusetyenziswa kweekhalori ngomlomo. Nangona kunjalo, amathumbu kufuneka asebenze ngokufanelekileyo.
Ke, ezinye iimeko apho kungenziwa khona isondlo sokungena zezi:
- Ngaphambi kwexesha iintsana ezingaphantsi kweeveki ezingama-24 ubudala;
- Uxinzelelo lokuphefumla;
- Ukungahambi kakuhle kwendlela yesisu;
- Ukwenzakala entloko;
- Isifo esifutshane esifutshane;
- Pancreatitis Acute kwisigaba ekuphulukenwe nalo;
- Isifo sohudo esinganyangekiyo kunye nesifo sokudumba;
- Ukutshisa okanye i-caustic esophagitis;
- Isifo seMalabsorption;
- Ukungondleki kakhulu;
- Ukuphazamiseka kwindlela yokutya, njengeanorexia nervosa.
Ukongeza, olu hlobo lwesondlo lunokusetyenziswa njengendlela yokutshintsha phakathi kwesondlo se-parenteral, ebekwe ngqo emthanjeni, kunye nokondla ngomlomo.
Iindidi zesondlo sokungena
Zininzi iindlela zokwenza isondlo sokungena ngaphakathi ngokusebenzisa ityhubhu, ebandakanya:
| Iindidi | Yintoni i | Izibonelelo | Ukungancedi |
| Nasogastric | Yityhubhu efakwe ngempumlo ukuya esiswini. | Yeyona ndlela isetyenziswayo kuba yeyona ilula ukuyibeka. | Ingabangela impumlo, i-esophageal okanye i-tracheal irritation; inokuhamba xa ukhohlela okanye ukugabha kwaye inokubangela isicaphucaphu. |
| I-Orogastric kunye ne-oroenteric | Ibekwe ukusuka emlonyeni ukuya esiswini okanye emathunjini. | Akuthinteli impumlo, ekubeni isetyenziswa kakhulu kwiintsana. | Ingakhokelela kwimveliso eyandisayo yamathe. |
| UNasoenteric | Yiprojekti ebekwe empumlweni iye emathunjini, enokufakwa kwi-duodenum okanye ijejeum. | Kulula ukuhamba; kungcono ukunyamezeleka; inciphisa ukubanakho ukuba iprojekhthi iya kuphazamiseka kwaye ibangele ukuphazamiseka okuncinci esiswini. | Ukunciphisa isenzo sejusi zesisu; ibeka umngcipheko wokuhlanjwa kwamathumbu; kuthintela ukhetho lweefomyula kunye nezikimu zokondla. |
| Gastrostomy | Yityhubhu ebekwe ngqo kulusu ukuya esiswini. | Ayithinteli indlela yomoya; ivumela ukusetyenziswa kobubanzi bepali enkulu kwaye kulula ukuyisebenzisa. | Kufuneka ibekwe ngotyando; Ingabangela ukwanda kwe-reflux; kunokubangela usuleleko kunye nokukhathazeka kolusu; ibeka umngcipheko wokuhlanjwa kwesisu. |
| I-duodenostomy kunye nejejunostomy | I-probe ibekwe ngokuthe ngqo kulusu ukuya kwi-duodenum okanye ijejeum. | Ukwehla umngcipheko wokulangazelela iijusi zesisu emiphungeni; ivumela ukondla kwisithuba sasemva kokusebenza kotyando esiswini. | Kunzima ngakumbi ukubeka, kufuna utyando; ibeka umngcipheko wokuphazamiseka okanye ukuqhekeka kweprojekhthi; kunokubangela urhudo; ufuna impompo yokumnika. |
Olu hlobo lokondla lunokuqhutywa ngesirinji, eyaziwa ngokuba yibholus, okanye ngamandla omxhuzulane okanye impompo lokumnika. Ngokufanelekileyo, kufanele ukuba ilawulwe ubuncinci zonke iiyure ezi-3 ukuya kwezi-4, kodwa kukho iimeko apho ukondla kunokwenziwa ngokuqhubekekayo, ngoncedo lwempompo yokumnika. Olu hlobo lwempompo luxelisa ukuhamba kwamathumbu, okwenza ukondla kunyamezeleke ngcono, ngakumbi xa ityhubhu ifakwa emathunjini.
Ungamondla njani umntu ngesondlo sokungena ngaphakathi
Ukutya kunye nenani eliza kulawulwa liya kuxhomekeka kwizinto ezithile, ezinje ngobudala, imeko yesondlo, iimfuno, izifo kunye nokusebenza kwenkqubo yokwetyisa. Nangona kunjalo, into eqhelekileyo kukuqalisa ukondla ngevolumu esezantsi ye-20 mL ngeyure, ethe inyuka kancinci.
Izondlo zinokunikwa ngokutya okutyumkileyo okanye ngefomula yokungena:
1. Ukutya okutyunyuziweyo
Iqukethe ukulawulwa kokutya okutyumkileyo kunye nokuxinzezelweyo ngokusebenzisa iprobe. Kule meko, isondlo sokutya kufuneka abale ngokweenkcukacha ukutya, kunye nomthamo wokutya kunye nexesha ekufuneka zinikezelwe ngalo. Kule ndlela yokutya kuqhelekile ukubandakanya imifuno, izilimo eziyizigaxa, inyama engenamafutha kunye neziqhamo.
Isondlo sokutya sinokujonga ukongeza ukutya ngendlela yokutya, ukuqinisekisa ukubonelelwa ngokwaneleyo kwazo zonke izondlo, ukuthintela ukungondleki okunokwenzeka.
Nangona lisondele kukutya okudala, olu hlobo lwesondlo lunomngcipheko ophezulu wokungcoliseka ziibhaktheriya, ezinokuphelisa umda ekufunxweni kwezakha mzimba. Ukongeza, njengoko iquka ukutya okutyumkileyo, oku kutya kukwabonisa umngcipheko omkhulu wokuphazamiseka kweprobe.
2. Iifomula zokungenela
Kukho iifomula ezininzi esele zenziwe ezinokusetyenziselwa ukucinezela iimfuno zabantu kukutya okungaphakathi, kubandakanya:
- Polymeric: Iifomula eziqulathe zonke izondlo, kubandakanya iiproteni, iikhabhohayidrethi, amafutha, iivithamini kunye neeminerals.
- Isiqendu sokuqala, i-oligomeric okanye i-semi-hydrolyzed: iifomula ezinezakhamzimba ezisetyetyiswa kwangaphambili, kuba lula ukufunxa kwinqanaba lamathumbu;
- Eyokuqala okanye i-hydrolyzed: banazo zonke izondlo ezilula ekubunjweni kwazo, kuba lula kakhulu ukufunxa kwinqanaba lamathumbu.
- Iimodyuli: ziifomula eziqukethe i-macronutrient kuphela njengeeproteni, iicarbohydrate okanye amafutha. Ezi fomyula zisetyenziswa ngakumbi ukwandisa isixa semacronutrient ethile.
Ukongeza kwezi, kukwakho nezinye iifomula ezizodwa ezilungiselelwe ukuba zibekho izifo ezinganyangekiyo ezinjengesifo seswekile, iingxaki zesibindi okanye ukuphazamiseka kwezintso.
Iingxaki ezinokwenzeka
Ngexesha lesondlo sokungena, ezinye iingxaki zinokuvela, kwiingxaki zoomatshini, ezinje ngokuthintela ityhubhu, ukusuleleka kwizifo, ezinje nge-aspiration pneumonia, okanye ukuphuka kwesisu, umzekelo.
Ubunzima beMetabolic okanye ukuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni, ukuswela iivithamini kunye nezimbiwa, ukwanda kweswekile yegazi okanye ukungalingani kwe-electrolyte nako kunokwenzeka. Ukongeza, kunokubakho iimeko zorhudo, ukuqhina, ukudumba, ukuqhayisa, isicaphucaphu okanye ukugabha.
Nangona kunjalo, zonke ezi ngxaki zinokuthintelwa ukuba kukho ukongamela kunye nokhokelo oluvela kugqirha, kunye nokuphathwa ngokufanelekileyo kwetyhubhu kunye neefomula zokondla.
Xa ingasetyenziswa
Isondlo sokungeniswa siyaphikiswa kwizigulana ezisemngciphekweni omkhulu wokuphefumla, okt ulwelo oluvela kumbhobho lunokungena kwimiphunga, exhaphake kakhulu kubantu abanobunzima bokuginya okanye abanengxaki yokufumana kakhulu.
Ukongeza, umntu kufuneka aphephe ukusebenzisa ukutya okunesondlo kubantu abagulayo okanye abangazinzanga, abanesifo sohudo esinganyangekiyo, isithintelo samathumbu, ukugabha rhoqo, ukopha esiswini, i-necrotizing enterocolitis, i-pancreatitis ebukhali okanye kwimeko apho kukho i-atresia yamathumbu. Kuzo zonke ezi meko, olona khetho luqhelekileyo kukusetyenziswa kwesondlo sabazali. Jonga ukuba olu hlobo lwesondlo luqulathe ntoni.
Olona Kufundo Lukhulu
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