Umhlaza womlomo

Umxholo

• Iindidi zomhlaza womlomo
• Imiba yomngcipheko wokukhula komhlaza womlomo
• Ziintoni iimpawu zomhlaza womlomo?
• Ufumanisa njani umhlaza womlomo?
• Athini amanqanaba omhlaza womlomo?
• Unyangwa njani umhlaza womlomo?
• Ugqirha
• Unyango ngemitha
• Unyango ngamayeza
• Unyango ekujoliswe kulo
• Isondlo
• Ukugcina umlomo wakho usempilweni
• Ukuchacha kunyango lomhlaza womlomo
• Ukwakhiwa ngokutsha kunye nokuvuselelwa emva konyango lomhlaza womlomo
• Imbonakalo

Ushwankathelo

Umhlaza womlomo ngumhlaza okhula kwizicubu zomlomo okanye zomqala. Yeqela elikhulu lomhlaza ekuthiwa ngumhlaza wentloko nentamo. Uninzi luphuhliswa kwiiseli ezi-squamous ezifumaneka emlonyeni wakho, ulwimi, nasemilebeni.

Ngaphezulu kwama-49,000 amatyala omhlaza womlomo afunyanwa minyaka le e-United States, eyenzeka rhoqo kubantu abangaphezulu kweminyaka engama-40 ubudala. Umhlaza womlomo uhlala ufunyanwa emva kokuba usasazekile kwii-lymph node zentamo. Ukufunyanwa kwangoko kubalulekile ekusindeni kumhlaza womlomo. Funda malunga nento ephakamisa umngcipheko, amanqanaba ayo, kunye nokunye.

Iindidi zomhlaza womlomo

Umhlaza womlomo ubandakanya umhlaza:

• imilebe
• ulwimi
• ulwelo lwangaphakathi esidleleni
• iintsini
• umgangatho womlomo
• inkalakahla eqine kwaye ithambile

Ugqirha wakho wamazinyo uhlala engumboneleli wokuqala wezempilo ukuba aqaphele iimpawu zomhlaza womlomo. Ukufumana ukuhlolwa kwamazinyo kabini ngonyaka kunokugcina ugqirha wamazinyo esesikhathini kwimpilo yomlomo wakho.

Imiba yomngcipheko wokukhula komhlaza womlomo

Enye yezona zinto zibeka emngciphekweni womhlaza womlomo kukusetyenziswa kwecuba. Oku kubandakanya ukutshaya iisigarethi, iicigars, kunye nemibhobho, kunye nokutshaya icuba.

Abantu abatya izixa ezikhulu zotywala necuba basemngciphekweni omkhulu ngakumbi, ngakumbi xa zombini ezi mveliso zisetyenziswa rhoqo.

Ezinye izinto ezinobungozi zibandakanya:

• usulelo lomntu lwe-papillomavirus (HPV)
• ukubonakaliswa lilanga kobuso okungapheliyo
• ukuxilongwa kwangaphambili komhlaza womlomo
• Imbali yosapho yomlomo okanye ezinye iintlobo zomhlaza
• amajoni omzimba abuthathaka
• ukungondleki
• Iimpawu zofuzo
• ukuba yindoda

Amadoda aphindwe kabini kumhlaza womlomo kunabafazi.

Ziintoni iimpawu zomhlaza womlomo?

Iimpawu zomhlaza womlomo zibandakanya:

• Isilonda emlonyeni okanye emlonyeni wakho esingazukuphola
• ubunzima okanye ukukhula naphi na emlonyeni wakho
• ukopha emlonyeni
• amazinyo akhululekile
• intlungu okanye ubunzima bokuginya
• unengxaki ngokunxiba amazinyo emboleko
• isigaqa entanyeni yakho
• indlebe engayi kuhamba
• Ukwehla kobunzima obukhulu
• umlomo ophantsi, ubuso, intamo, okanye isinki
• mhlophe, bomvu, mhlophe, okanye amabala abomvu ngaphakathi okanye emlonyeni okanye emilebeni
• umqala obuhlungu
• intlungu yomhlathi okanye ukuqina
• ubuhlungu bolwimi

Ezinye zeempawu, ezinje ngomqala obuhlungu okanye indlebe, zinokubonisa ezinye iimeko. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba uqaphela nayiphi na kwezi mpawu, ngakumbi ukuba azihambi okanye ungaphezulu kwesinye ngexesha, tyelela ugqirha wakho wamazinyo okanye ugqirha ngokukhawuleza. Fumanisa ukuba umhlaza womlomo ujongeka njani apha.

Ufumanisa njani umhlaza womlomo?

Okokuqala, ugqirha wakho okanye ugqirha wamazinyo uza kwenza uvavanyo lomzimba. Oku kubandakanya ukuvavanya ngokusondeleyo uphahla kunye nomgangatho womlomo wakho, umva womqala wakho, ulwimi, kunye nezidlele, kunye ne-lymph node entanyeni yakho. Ukuba ugqirha wakho akakwazi ukufumanisa ukuba kutheni uneempawu zakho, unokuthunyelwa kwingcali yendlebe, impumlo, nomqala (ENT).

Ukuba ugqirha wakho ufumana nasiphi na isimila, ukukhula, okanye izilonda ezikrokrisayo, baya kwenza ibrashi biopsy okanye iithishu. I-brush biopsy luvavanyo olungenabuhlungu oluqokelela iiseli kwi-tumor ngokuzixubha kwisilayidi. I-biopsy yethishu ibandakanya ukususa isiqwenga sesicwili ukuze sivavanywe phantsi kwemicroscope yeeseli ezinomhlaza.

Ukongeza, ugqirha wakho angenza olunye okanye ngaphezulu kwezi mvavanyo zilandelayo:

• IX-reyi ukubona ukuba iiseli zomhlaza zisasazeke emhlathini, esifubeni, okanye emiphungeni
• Iskena se-CT ukuveza naliphi na ithumba emlonyeni, emqaleni, entanyeni, emiphungeni, okanye kwenye indawo emzimbeni wakho
• ukuskena kwe-PET ukumisela ukuba umhlaza uye waya kwii-lymph node okanye kwamanye amalungu
• Ukuskena iMRI ukubonisa umfanekiso ochanekileyo wentloko nentamo, kunye nokuchonga ubungakanani okanye inqanaba lomhlaza
• i-endoscopy yokuvavanya iimpumlo zempumlo, iisono, umqala wangaphakathi, umbhobho womoya, kunye netrachea

Athini amanqanaba omhlaza womlomo?

Kukho amanqanaba amane omhlaza womlomo.

• Inqanaba 1: Ithumba liziisentimitha ezi-2 (cm) okanye lincinci, kwaye umhlaza awusasazekanga kwii-lymph node.
• Inqanaba 2: Ithumba liphakathi kwe-2-4 cm, kwaye iiseli zomhlaza azisasazekanga kwii-lymph node.
• Inqanaba 3: I-tumor inkulu kune-4 cm kwaye ayizange isasazeka kwii-lymph nodes, okanye nayiphi na ubukhulu kwaye isasazeke kwi-lymph node enye, kodwa kungekhona kwezinye iindawo zomzimba.
• Inqanaba 4: Izidumba nabuphi na ubungakanani kwaye iiseli zomhlaza zisasazeke kwizicubu ezikufuphi, ii-lymph node, okanye amanye amalungu omzimba.

Ngokutsho kweNational Cancer Institute, iminyaka emihlanu yokuphila kwimihlaza yomlomo kunye ne-pharynx cancer zilandelayo:

• Iipesenti ezingama-83, kumhlaza wasekhaya (ongasasazwanga)
• Iipesenti ezingama-64, yomhlaza osasazeke kwii-lymph node ezikufutshane
• Ipesenti ezingama-38, yomhlaza osasazeke kwamanye amalungu omzimba

Ngokubanzi, iipesenti ezingama-60 zabo bonke abantu abanomhlaza womlomo baya kuphila iminyaka emihlanu okanye nangaphezulu. Inqanaba lokuqala lokuxilongwa, kokukhona liphezulu ithuba lokuphila emva konyango. Ngapha koko, isantya seminyaka emihlanu sokusinda kwabo banesifo somhlaza womlomo wokuqala kunye no-2 siqhele ukuya kwiipesenti ezingama-70 ukuya kuma-90. Oku kwenza ukuxilongwa kwangethuba kunye nonyango kubaluleke ngakumbi.

Unyangwa njani umhlaza womlomo?

Unyango lomhlaza womlomo luya kwahluka ngokuxhomekeka kuhlobo, indawo, kunye nenqanaba lomhlaza ekufumaneni isifo.

Ugqirha

Unyango lwamanqanaba okuqala ngesiqhelo lubandakanya utyando lokususa ithumba kunye ne-lymph node ezinomhlaza. Ukongeza, ezinye izicwili ezijikeleze umlomo nentamo zinokukhutshwa.

Unyango ngemitha

Unyango ngemitha lolunye ukhetho. Oku kubandakanya ugqirha ojolise kwimitha yemitha kwi-tumor kanye okanye kabini ngemini, iintsuku ezintlanu ngeveki, iiveki ezimbini ukuya kwezisibhozo. Unyango lwamanqanaba aphambili luya kubandakanya indibaniselwano yechemotherapy kunye nonyango lwemitha.

Unyango ngamayeza

I-Chemotherapy lunyango ngamachiza abulala iiseli zomhlaza. Iyeza ulinikwa ngomlomo okanye ngomgca we-intravenous (IV). Uninzi lwabantu lufumana i-chemotherapy ngaphandle kwesifo, nangona abanye befuna ukulaliswa esibhedlele.

Unyango ekujoliswe kulo

Unyango ekujoliswe kulo lolunye uhlobo lonyango. Inokusebenza kumanqanaba okuqala kunye naphambi komhlaza. Amachiza ojoliso kunyango aya kubopha kwiiproteni ezithile kwiiseli zomhlaza kwaye ziphazamise ukukhula kwazo.

Isondlo

Isondlo siyinxalenye ebalulekileyo yonyango lomhlaza womlomo. Unyango oluninzi lwenza ukuba kube nzima okanye kubebuhlungu ukutya nokuginya, kwaye ukutya okukhoyo kunye nokuhla komzimba kuqhelekile. Qinisekisa ukuba uxoxa ngokutya kwakho nogqirha wakho.

Ukufumana iingcebiso ngengcali yesondlo kunokukunceda ukuba ucwangcise imenyu yokutya eya kuthi ithambe emlonyeni nasemqaleni, kwaye iya kubonelela umzimba wakho ngeekhalori, iivithamini kunye neeminerali ekufuneka uziphilisile.

Ukugcina umlomo wakho usempilweni

Okokugqibela, ukugcina umlomo wakho usempilweni ngexesha lonyango lomhlaza yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yonyango. Qiniseka ukuba ugcina umlomo wakho ufumile kwaye amazinyo neentsini zakho zicocekile.

Ukuchacha kunyango lomhlaza womlomo

Ukuchacha kuhlobo ngalunye lonyango kuya kwahluka. Iimpawu zeposturgery zinokubandakanya iintlungu kunye nokudumba, kodwa ukususa amathumba amancinci kuhlala kungabinangxaki yexesha elide.

Ukususwa kwamathumba amakhulu kunokuchaphazela ukubanakho ukuhlafuna, ukugwinya, okanye ukuthetha njengoko wawenzile ngaphambi kotyando. Unokufuna kwakhona utyando lokwakha ngokutsha ukwakha amathambo kunye nezicubu ebusweni bakho zisuswe ngexesha lotyando.

Ukunyanga ngemitha kunokuba nefuthe elibi emzimbeni. Ezinye zeziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zemitha zibandakanya:

• umqala obuhlungu okanye umlomo
• umlomo owomileyo kunye nokuphulukana nomsebenzi wedlala yamathe
• ukubola kwamazinyo
• isicaphucaphu nokugabha
• iintsini ezibuhlungu okanye ezophayo
• ulusu kunye nosulelo lomlomo
• ukuqina kwemihlathi nentlungu
• iingxaki zokunxiba amazinyo okufakelwa
• ukudinwa
• utshintsho kumandla akho okungcamla kunye nevumba
• utshintsho kulusu lwakho, kubandakanya ukoma kunye nokutsha
• ukuhla ukusinda
• utshintsho kwidlala lengqula

Amachiza e-Chemotherapy anokuba yityhefu ekukhuleni ngokukhawuleza kweeseli ezingenamhlaza. Oku kunokubangela iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezinje:

• ukulahleka kweenwele
• umlomo obuhlungu kunye neentsini
• ukopha emlonyeni
• Anemia kakhulu
• ubuthathaka
• ukungathandi ukutya
• isicaphucaphu
• ukugabha
• urhudo
• izilonda zomlomo nezomlomo
• Ukuba ndindisholo ezandleni nasezinyaweni

Ukuchacha kunyango ekujolise kuko kuhlala kuncinci. Iziphumo zolu nyango zinokubandakanya:

• ifiva
• intloko ebuhlungu
• ukugabha
• urhudo
• impendulo engavumiyo
• irhashalala

Nangona ezi zonyango zineziphumo ebezingalindelekanga, zihlala zibalulekile ekubetheni umhlaza. Ugqirha wakho uza kuxoxa ngeziphumo ebezingalindelekanga kwaye akuncede ulinganise i-pros kunye ne-cons yonyango lwakho.

Ukwakhiwa ngokutsha kunye nokuvuselelwa emva konyango lomhlaza womlomo

Abantu abafunyaniswa benomhlaza womlomo oqhubele phambili baya kufuna utyando lokwakha ngokutsha kunye nokuvuselelwa ukuze bancede ngokutya kunye nokuthetha ngexesha lokuchacha.

Ukwakhiwa ngokutsha kunokubandakanya ukufakelwa kwamazinyo okanye ukufakelwa ukulungisa amathambo kunye nezicubu zomlomo okanye ebusweni. Iinkalakahla ezingezizo zisetyenziselwa ukubuyisela naziphi na izicwili okanye amazinyo alahlekileyo.

Ukubuyiselwa kwimeko yesiqhelo kuyafuneka nakwimeko yomhlaza ophambili. Unyango lwentetho lunokubonelelwa ukusukela ngexesha lokuphuma kotyando de ufike kwinqanaba eliphezulu lokuphucula.

Imbonakalo

Imbonakalo yomhlaza womlomo ixhomekeke kuhlobo oluthile kunye nenqanaba lomhlaza ekufumaneni isifo. Kuxhomekeke kwimpilo yakho ngokubanzi, iminyaka yakho, nokunyamezelana kwakho kunye nokuphendula kunyango. Ukuxilongwa kwangoko kubalulekile kuba ukunyanga inqanaba loku-1 kunye nenqanaba 2 lomhlaza kunokungabandakanyeki kangako kwaye kunamathuba aphezulu onyango olunempumelelo.

Emva konyango, ugqirha wakho uya kufuna ukuba uhlolwe rhoqo ukuze uqiniseke ukuba uyachacha. Ukuhlolwa kwakho kuya kuhlala kubandakanya iimviwo zomzimba, iimvavanyo zegazi, ii-X-reyi kunye ne-CT scans. Qiniseka ukuba ulandelela ugqirha wakho wamazinyo okanye i-oncologist ukuba ubona nantoni na engaqhelekanga.