Unyango lwe-Osteoporosis

Umxholo

• Unyango
• Oonobangela kunye nemingcipheko
• Amayeza eOsteoporosis
• IBisphosphonates
• Iintsholongwane
• I-Denosumab
• URomosozumab
• Amayeza ahambelana neHormone
• Iimodyuli ezikhethiweyo ze-estrogen receptor (SERMs)
• Calcitonin
• Iihomoni zeParathyroid (PTHs)
• Unyango lweHormone
• I-calcium kunye nevithamini D
• Umsebenzi womzimba
• Imbonakalo

Iinyani ezikhawulezayo

1. I-Osteoporosis yimeko apho amathambo akho aqhekeka ngokukhawuleza kunokuba eyakha kwakhona.
2. Unyango luhlala lubandakanya indibaniselwano yamayeza kunye notshintsho kwindlela yokuphila.
3. Eyona ndlela inobundlobongela yokuthintela ukongezwa kwethambo kukuthatha amayeza kagqirha.

Unyango

Amathambo emzimbeni wakho zizicubu eziphilayo ezihlala zisophuka kwaye zithathe indawo yazo ngezinto ezintsha. Nge-osteoporosis, amathambo akho aphuka ngokukhawuleza kunokuba aphinde abuyele. Oku kubangela ukuba banciphise, batyebe ngakumbi, kwaye babe krwada.

Oku kuwenza buthathaka amathambo akho kwaye kunokukhokelela kukophuka okungakumbi kunye nokwaphuka.

Akukho lunyango lwe-osteoporosis, kodwa lukhona unyango oluya kunceda ukuthintela nokunyanga xa sele ifunyenwe. Injongo yonyango kukukhusela kunye nokomeleza amathambo akho.

Unyango luhlala lubandakanya indibaniselwano yamayeza kunye notshintsho kwindlela yokuphila ukunceda ukunciphisa isantya sokonakala kwethambo ngumzimba wakho, kwaye kwezinye iimeko, ukwakha ithambo kwakhona.

Oonobangela kunye nemingcipheko

Uninzi lwabantu banethambo labo eliphezulu kunye noxinano xa bekwi-20 yabo yokuqala. Njengoko uneminyaka yobudala, ulahlekelwa yithambo elidala ngesantya esikhawulezayo kunokuba umzimba wakho unokutshintsha. Ngenxa yoku, abantu abadala basemngciphekweni ophezulu we-osteoporosis.

Abasetyhini banomngcipheko ophezulu wokukhula kwamathambo ngenxa yokuba banamathambo amancinci kunamadoda. I-Estrogen, ihomoni eyenzeka kumanqanaba aphezulu kwabasetyhini kunamadoda, iyanceda ukukhusela amathambo.

Abasetyhini abahamba ngokuyeka ukuya exesheni banokwehla kumanqanaba e-estrogen, ekhokelela ekuwohlokeni kwethambo ngokukhawuleza kwaye kunokubangela amathambo aqhekezayo.

Eminye imingcipheko ibandakanya:

• ukutshaya
• amayeza athile, anje ngee-steroids, iiproton pump inhibitors, kunye namanye amayeza okubamba
• ukungondleki
• izifo ezithile, ezinjenge-rheumatoid arthritis (RA) kunye ne-myeloma eninzi

Amayeza eOsteoporosis

Eyona ndlela inobundlobongela yokuthintela ukongezwa kwethambo kukuthatha amayeza kagqirha, anje ngala machiza adweliswe ngezantsi.

IBisphosphonates

I-Bisphosphonates zezona zixhaphake kakhulu kunyango lweziyobisi kwi-osteoporosis. Ziqhelekile unyango lokuqala olucetyiswayo kwabasetyhini abanesifo sokuyeka ukuya exesheni.

Imizekelo ye-bisphosphonates ibandakanya:

• alendronate (Fosamax), amayeza omlomo abantu bathatha yonke imihla okanye kube kanye ngeveki
• ibandronate (Boniva), efumaneka njengecwecwe lomlomo lenyanga okanye njengenaliti efakwa ngaphakathi efumana amaxesha amane ngonyaka
• I-risedronate (Actonel), efumaneka mihla le, ngeveki, okanye ngedosi yenyanga kwithebhulethi yomlomo
• i-zoledronic acid (Reclast), efumanekayo njengokufakwa ngaphakathi kufakwa kube kanye qho emva kweminyaka emibini

Iintsholongwane

Kukho amayeza amabini okulwa nentsholongwane.

I-Denosumab

I-Denosumab (Prolia) inxibelelana neprotein emzimbeni wakho ebandakanyeka ekonakaleni kwethambo. Iyacotha inkqubo yokophuka kwamathambo. Kwakhona kunceda ukugcina ukuxinwa kwethambo.

IDenosumab iza njengenaliti oyifumana rhoqo kwiinyanga ezintandathu.

URomosozumab

I-antibody romosozumab entsha (Evening) inceda ukwandisa ukwakheka kwethambo. Kwavunywa yi-Food and Drug Administration (i-FDA) ngo-Epreli ka-2019. Yenzelwe abasetyhini abasemva kwamadoda abanomngcipheko omkhulu wokuqhekeka. Oku kubandakanya abasetyhini:

• Unobungozi bokuqhekeka
• Unembali yokwaphuka
• khange aphendule okanye akanakuthatha amanye amayeza e-osteoporosis

I-Romosozumab iza njengezitofu ezimbini. Ubafumana kube kanye ngenyanga ukuya kuthi ga kwiinyanga ezili-12.

URomosozumab uza nezilumkiso zebhokisi, ezizezona zilumkiso zibaluleke kakhulu kwi-FDA. Inokunyusa umngcipheko wokuhlaselwa sisifo sentliziyo, ukubetha, kunye nesifo sentliziyo. Akufanele uthathe i-romosozumab ukuba uye wahlaselwa sisifo sentliziyo okanye ukubetha kwisithuba sonyaka ophelileyo.

Amayeza ahambelana neHormone

Amayeza aliqela aneempembelelo ezifana ne-hormone anokumiselwa ukuba anyange i-osteoporosis.

Iimodyuli ezikhethiweyo ze-estrogen receptor (SERMs)

Iimodulators ezikhethiweyo ze-estrogen (i-SERMs) ziphinda zilondoloze ithambo lokugcina i-estrogen.

Raloxifene (Evista) lolunye uhlobo lwe-SERM. Iyafumaneka njengecwecwe lomlomo lemihla ngemihla.

Calcitonin

ICalcitonin yidlala lengqula elenza idlala lengqula. Inceda ukumisela amanqanaba e-calcium emzimbeni.

Oogqirha basebenzisa i-synthetic calcitonin (Fortical, Miacalcin) ukunyanga i-spinal osteoporosis kubafazi abathile abangakwaziyo ukuthatha i-bisphosphonates.

Isetyenzisiweyo ngaphandle kwelebula, i-calcitonin inokunciphisa iintlungu kwabanye abantu abane-spinal compression fractures. I-Calcitonin ifumaneka nge-nasal spray okanye ngenaliti.

Iihomoni zeParathyroid (PTHs)

Iihomoni zeParathyroid (PTHs) zilawula amanqanaba e-calcium kunye nephosphate emzimbeni wakho. Unyango nge-PTH yokwenziwa lunokukhuthaza ukukhula kwethambo elitsha.

Iinketho ezimbini zibandakanya:

• iteriparatide (Forteo)
• abaloparatide (iTymlos)

I-Teriparatide iyafumaneka njengenaliti yokuzilawula ngokwakho yemihla ngemihla. Nangona kunjalo, eli chiza libiza kakhulu kwaye ligcinelwe abantu abane-osteoporosis eqatha abanganyamezelaniyo nolunye unyango.

I-Abaloparatide lolunye unyango lwe-PTH olwenziweyo olwamkelweyo ngo-2017. Njenge-teriparatide, eli chiza liyafumaneka njengenaliti yokuzilawula yemihla ngemihla. Nangona kunjalo, ikwabiza imali eninzi kwaye isetyenziselwa abantu abane-osteoporosis ebukhali xa ezinye iindlela zonyango zingenandlela elungileyo.

Unyango lweHormone

Kubafazi abasexesheni, unyango lwehomoni- ekwabizwa ngokuba lunyango endaweni yonyango-lukhetho lonyango. Kodwa ngesiqhelo, oogqirha abayisebenzisi njengolokuqala ukhuseleko kuba inokunyusa umngcipheko woku:

• ukubetha
• ukuhlaselwa yintliziyo
• umhlaza webele
• amahlwili egazi

Unyango lweHormone luvunyiwe ukuba lusetyenziswe kuthintelo lwe-osteoporosis, kodwa lusenokusetyenziswa ngaphandle kwelebheli kunyango lwalo.

Unyango lweHormone lunokubandakanya i-estrogen yodwa, okanye i-estrogen idityaniswe neprogesterone. Iza njengecwecwe lomlomo, iphatheni yolusu, inaliti kunye nokhilimu. Amacwecwe kunye namabala asetyenziswa rhoqo.

Ithathwe yonke imihla, amacwecwe abandakanya:

• Ngaphambi
• Eyona ndoda
• Umgca

Isetyenziswe kanye okanye kabini ngeveki, ii-patches zibandakanya:

• Climara
• Vivelle-Dot
• Minivelle

I-calcium kunye nevithamini D

Nokuba uthatha nawaphi na amayeza adweliswe apha ngasentla, oogqirha bancomela ukufumana ikhalsiyam eninzi kunye novithamini D ekudleni kwakho. Kungenxa yokuba le minerali kunye nevithamini xa zidibene kunokunceda ukucothisa kwamathambo.

I-calcium yeyona minerali iphambili emathanjeni akho, kwaye ivithamin D inceda umzimba wakho ukuba uthathe i-calcium oyifunayo.

Ukutya okunotye-calcium kubandakanya:

• iimveliso zederi
• imifuno eluhlaza emnyama
• ukutya okuziinkozo kunye nezonka
• Iimveliso zesoya

Uninzi lweesiriyeli kunye neejusi zeorenji ngoku ziyafumaneka ngecalcium eyongeziweyo.

IZiko leLizwe leArthritis kunye neMisculoskeletal kunye neZifo zeSikhumba (i-NIAMS) licebisa ukuba abasetyhini abaneminyaka eli-19-50 ukuya kweli-19 ubudala kunye nabaneminyaka eli-19-70 kufuneka bafumane i-milligrams ezili-1 (mg) zekhalsiyam ngosuku.

Bacebisa ukuba abasetyhini abaneminyaka engama-51-70 kwaye wonke umntu ongaphezulu kwama-70 afumane i-1,200 mg yecalcium ngosuku.

I-NIAMS ikwacebisa ukuba abantu abadala abangaphantsi kweminyaka engama-70 bafumane iiyunithi ezingama-600 zamazwe aphesheya (IU) ze-vitamin D ngemini. Abantu abadala abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-70 kufuneka bafumane i-800 IU ye-vitamin D ngosuku.

Ukuba awufumani calcium okanye ivithamin D eyoneleyo ekudleni kwakho, ungathatha izongezo ukuqinisekisa ukuba ufumana isixa esicetyiswayo.

Umsebenzi womzimba

Ukuzilolonga kunceda ukomeleza amathambo akho. Nokuba yeyiphi na indlela, ukuzivocavoca umzimba kunceda ekuphulukaneni nethambo elinxulumene nobudala kwaye kunokubuphucula kancinci ubungakanani bethambo kwezinye iimeko.

Ukuzivocavoca kunokunceda ukuphucula ukuma kwakho kunye nokulinganisela, ukunciphisa umngcipheko wokuwa. Ukuwa okumbalwa kunokuthetha ukwaphuka okumbalwa.

Ukuqeqeshwa kwamandla kunceda amathambo kwiingalo zakho nasemqolo ongaphezulu. Oku kunokuthetha ubunzima basimahla, oomatshini bokulinganisa, okanye iibhendi zokumelana.

Umsebenzi wokuthwala ubunzima njengokuhamba okanye ukubaleka, kunye neempembelelo ze-aerobics ezinje ngoqeqesho lwe-elliptical okanye ukuhamba ngebhayisikile, nako kunokuba luncedo. Zombini zinokunceda ukomeleza amathambo emilenzeni, esinqeni, nasemqolo.

Imbonakalo

I-Osteoporosis ichaphazela abantu abaninzi kwihlabathi liphela, kwaye nangona kungabikho nyango okwangoku, unyango luyafumaneka. Amayeza, unyango lwehomoni, kunye nokuzilolonga kunokuqinisa amathambo akho kunye nokuphulukana nethambo.

Ukuba une-osteoporosis, thetha nogqirha wakho. Xoxa ngonyango ngalunye olunokubakho kunye notshintsho kwindlela yokuphila. Ngokudibeneyo, ninokuthatha isigqibo ngesicwangciso sonyango esikulungeleyo.