Imbonakalo ye-Myeloid Leukemia engapheliyo kunye nobomi bakho bokulindelwa

Umxholo

• Izigaba ze-CML
• Izinketho zonyango
• Imbonakalo
• Amanqanaba okusinda ngokubanzi
• Amaxabiso okusinda ngenqanaba

Ukuqonda leukemia enganyangekiyo

Ukufunda ukuba unomdlavuza kunokuba nzima. Kodwa izibalo zibonisa amazinga okusinda aqinisekileyo kwabo bane-leukemia enganyangekiyo.

I-myeloid leukemia engapheliyo, okanye i-CML, luhlobo lomhlaza oqala kumongo wethambo. Ikhula kancinci kwiiseli ezenza igazi ngaphakathi komongo kwaye ekugqibeleni isasazeka ngegazi. Abantu bahlala be-CML kangangexesha elithile ngaphambi kokuba baqaphele naziphi na iimpawu okanye baqonde ukuba banomhlaza.

I-CML ibonakala ngathi ibangelwa yimfuza engaqhelekanga evelisa kakhulu i-enzyme ebizwa ngokuba yi-tyrosine kinase. Nangona imvelaphi yemfuza, i-CML ayililo ilifa.

Izigaba ze-CML

Zintathu izigaba ze-CML:

• Isigaba esingapheliyo: Ngexesha lesigaba sokuqala, iiseli zomhlaza zikhula kancinci. Uninzi lwabantu lufunyaniswa ngexesha lesigaba esingapheliyo, ngesiqhelo emva kovavanyo lwegazi olwenziwe kwezinye izizathu.
• Isigaba esikhawulezayo: Iiseli zegazi ziyakhula kwaye zikhule ngokukhawuleza kwinqanaba lesibini.
• Isigaba esingabonakaliyo: Kwisigaba sesithathu, iiseli ezingaqhelekanga zikhulile ngaphandle kolawulo kwaye ziyaxinana kwiiseli eziqhelekileyo, ezisempilweni.

Izinketho zonyango

Ngexesha lesigaba esingapheliyo, unyango luhlala luqukethe amayeza omlomo abizwa ngokuba yi-tyrosine kinase inhibitors okanye ii-TKIs. Ii-TKIs zisetyenziselwa ukubhloka isenzo seprotein tyrosine kinase kunye nokuyeka iiseli zomhlaza ekukhuleni nasekuphindaphindeni. Uninzi lwabantu abaphathwa nge-TKI baya kungena kuxolelo.

Ukuba ii-TKI azisebenzi, okanye ziyeke ukusebenza, umntu lowo angaya kwinqanaba elikhawulezayo okanye eliqhakazileyo. Ukufakelwa kweseli okanye ukutsalwa komongo wethambo kuhlala kulinyathelo elilandelayo. Oku kufuduka kuphela kwendlela yokunyanga i-CML, kodwa kunokubakho iingxaki ezinkulu. Ngesi sizathu, ukufakelwa komzimba kwenziwa kuphela xa amayeza engasebenzi.

Imbonakalo

Njengoninzi lwezifo, indlela yokujonga abo bane-CML iyahluka ngokwemiba emininzi. Ezinye zezi ziquka:

• bakwesiphi isigaba
• ubudala babo
• impilo yabo iyonke
• Ukubalwa kweplatelet
• ingaba udakada wandisiwe
• ubungakanani bomonakalo wethambo kwi-leukemia

Amanqanaba okusinda ngokubanzi

Amanqanaba okusinda komhlaza aqhelekileyo alinganiswa kwisithuba seminyaka emihlanu. Ngokwe-National Cancer Institute, idatha iyonke ibonisa ukuba phantse iipesenti ezingama-65.1 zabo bafunyaniswe ukuba bane-CML basaphila kwiminyaka emihlanu kamva.

Kodwa amachiza amatsha okulwa ne-CML ayaphuhliswa kwaye avavanywe ngokukhawuleza okukhulu, ekonyusa amathuba okuba amazinga okusinda exesha elizayo angaphezulu.

Amaxabiso okusinda ngenqanaba

Uninzi lwabantu abane-CML bahlala kwisigaba esinganyangekiyo. Kwezinye iimeko, abantu abangafumani unyango olusebenzayo okanye abangaphenduli kakuhle kunyango baya kuhamba kwinqanaba elikhawulezayo okanye eliqhakazileyo. Umbono ngeli xesha lezigaba kuxhomekeke kunyango esele bazamile kwaye loluphi unyango olunokunyamezelwa yimizimba yabo.

Umbono unethemba kwabo bakwisigaba esingapheliyo kwaye bafumana ii-TKIs.

Ngokophando olukhulu luka-2006 lwechiza elitsha elibizwa ngokuba yi-imatinib (Gleevec), bekukho iipesenti ezingama-83 zokuphila emva kweminyaka emihlanu kwabo bafumene eli chiza. Uphononongo lwango-2018 lwezigulana ezihlala zithatha ichiza imatinib lafumanisa ukuba iipesenti ezingama-90 zihlala iminyaka emi-5 ubuncinci. Olunye uphononongo, olwaqhutywa ngo-2010, lwabonisa ukuba ichiza ekuthiwa yi-nilotinib (Tasigna) lalisebenza ngakumbi kune-Gleevec.

Omabini la machiza ngoku sele elunyango oluqhelekileyo ngexesha lesigaba esinganyangekiyo se-CML. Amanqanaba okusinda ngokubanzi kulindeleke ukuba anyuke njengoko abantu abaninzi befumana la kunye namanye amachiza amatsha asebenzayo.

Kwinqanaba elikhawulezayo, amazinga okusinda ahluka kakhulu ngonyango. Ukuba umntu uphendula kakuhle kwii-TKI, amaxabiso aphantse alunge njengalawo akwinqanaba elingapheliyo.

Ngokubanzi, amaxabiso okusinda kwabo bakwisigaba se-blastic hover esingaphantsi kweepesenti ezingama-20. Elona thuba lokusinda libandakanya ukusebenzisa iziyobisi ukubuyisela umntu kwisigaba esinganyangekiyo emva koko uzame ukufakelwa kweseli.