Yintoni i-Pancytopenia, iimpawu kunye nezizathu eziphambili

Umxholo

• Iimpawu eziphambili
• Oonobangela pancytopenia
• Njani na isifo
• Unyango lwenziwa njani

I-Pancytopenia ihambelana nokuhla kwazo zonke iiseli zegazi, oko kukuthi, kukuhla kwenani leeseli ezibomvu zegazi, ii-leukocyte kunye neeplatelets, ezibangela iimpawu kunye neempawu ezinjenge-pallor, ukudinwa, ukugruzuka, ukopha, umkhuhlane kunye notyekelo losulelo.

Inokuvela ngenxa yokwehla kwemveliso yeeseli ngomongo wethambo, ngenxa yeemeko ezinje ngokunqongophala kweevithamini, izifo zofuzo, ileukemia okanye i-leishmaniasis, kunye nokonakaliswa kweeseli zegazi kwigazi, ngenxa yomzimba okanye izifo ezonyusa umdla wethambo, umzekelo.

Unyango lwe-pancytopenia kufuneka lwenziwe ngokuhambelana nezikhokelo zegqirha jikelele okanye i-hematologist ngokwesizathu sepancytopenia, enokuthi ibandakanye ukusetyenziswa kwe-corticosteroids, i-immunosuppressants, i-antibiotics, utofelo-gazi, okanye ukususwa kwepeni, umzekelo, ziboniswa kuphela ngokweemfuno zesigulana ngasinye.

Iimpawu eziphambili

Iimpawu kunye neempawu pancytopenia ezinxulumene nokunciphisa iiseli ezibomvu zegazi, leukocytes kunye zegazi egazini, ezona ziphambili zezi:

Kuxhomekeka kwimeko, kusenokubakho iimpawu kunye neempawu ezibangelwa sisifo esibangela i-pancytopenia, enje ngesisu esandisiweyo ngenxa yesipele esandisiweyo, ii-lymph node ezandisiweyo, ukungalunganga emathanjeni okanye utshintsho kulusu, umzekelo.

Oonobangela pancytopenia

I-Pancytopenia inokwenzeka ngenxa yeemeko ezimbini: xa umongo wethambo ungazivelisi iiseli zegazi ngokuchanekileyo okanye xa umongo wethambo uvelisa ngokuchanekileyo kodwa iiseli zitshatyalalisiwe kwigazi. Ezona zinto zibangela ipancytopenia zezi:

• Ukusetyenziswa kweziyobisi eziyityhefu, ezinje ngamayeza okubulala iintsholongwane, i-chemotherapy, i-antidepressants, i-anticonvulsants kunye ne-sedatives;
• Iziphumo zemitha okanye imichiza, njenge-benzene okanye i-DDT, umzekelo;
• Ukusilela kwe-vitamin B12 okanye i-folic acid ekutyeni;
• Izifo zemfuzo, ezinje nge-Fanconi's anemia, i-dyskeratosis okanye isifo seGaucher;
• Ukuphazamiseka komongo wethambo, ezinje nge-myelodysplastic syndrome, i-myelofibrosis okanye i-paroxysmal hemoglobinuria yasebusuku;
• Izifo ezizenzekelayo, ezinje nge-lupus, Sjögren's syndrome okanye i-autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome;
• Izifo ezosulelayo, ezinjenge-leishmaniasis, brucellosis, isifo sephepha okanye i-HIV;
• Umhlaza, ezinjenge-leukemia, i-myeloma ezininzi, i-myelofibrosis okanye i-metastasis yezinye iintlobo zomhlaza kumongo wethambo.
• Izifo ezikhuthaza inyikima kunye neeseli zokhuselo lomzimba ezitshabalalisa iiseli zegazi, ezinjengesibindi sokuqina kwesibindi, izifo ze-myeloproliferative kunye ne-hemophagocytic syndromes.

Ukongeza, izifo ezosulelayo ezibukhali ezibangelwa ziibhaktheriya okanye ii-virus, ezinje ngecytomegalovirus (CMV), zinokuvuselela amandla omzimba omeleleyo emzimbeni, okwazi ukutshabalalisa iiseli zegazi ngendlela ebukhali ngexesha losulelo.

Njani na isifo

Ukuxilongwa kwe-pancytopenia kwenziwa ngokubala okupheleleyo kwegazi, apho amanqanaba eeseli ezibomvu zegazi, ii-leukocyte kunye neeplatelets ezincitshisiweyo egazini zijongwa. Nangona kunjalo, kubalulekile ukuba uchonge unobangela okhokelele kwi-pancytopenia, ekufuneka yenziwe ngokuvavanya ugqirha okanye ugqirha wegazi ngokujonga imbali yezonyango kunye novavanyo lomzimba olwenziwe kwisigulana. Ukongeza, ezinye iimvavanyo zinokucetyiswa ukuba zichonge unobangela wepancytopenia, njenge:

• Isinyithi se-serum, i-ferritin, ukugcwala kwe-transferrin kunye nokubala kwe-reticulocyte;
• Ubungakanani bevithamini B12 kunye nefolic acid;
• Uphando losulelo;
• Iprofayile yokunqanda igazi;
• Uvavanyo lomzimba, olunjengeeCombomb ngqo;
• I-Myelogram, apho umongo wethambo unqwenela ukufumana ulwazi ngakumbi malunga neempawu zeeseli ezikule ndawo. Jonga ukuba i-myelogram yenziwe njani kwaye iboniswa nini;
• Umongo wethambo, ovavanya imeko yeeseli, ubukho bokungena ngumhlaza okanye ezinye izifo kunye nefibrosis. Fumanisa ukuba kwenziwa njani umongo wethambo kunye nokuba yenzelwe ntoni.

Uvavanyo oluthile lunokuyalelwa isifo ukuba ugqirha ukrokrela, njenge-immunoelectrophoresis ye-myeloma okanye inkcubeko yomongo wethambo ukuchonga usulelo, njenge-leishmaniasis, umzekelo.

Unyango lwenziwa njani

Unyango lwe-pancytopenia lukhokelwa yi-hematologist ngokwesizathu sayo, kwaye inokubandakanya ukusetyenziswa kwamachiza enza ukungakhuseleki, njengeMethylprednisolone okanye iPrednisone, okanye ii-immunosuppressants, ezinje ngeCyclosporine, kwimeko yezifo ezizimele zodwa okanye ezibangela ukudumba. Ukongeza, ukuba i-pancytopenia ibangelwa ngumhlaza, unyango lunokubandakanya ukufakelwa komongo wethambo.

Kwimeko yosulelo, unyango oluthile lubonakalisiwe kwi-microorganism nganye, njenge-antibiotics, i-antivirals okanye i-pentavalent antimonials kwimeko ye-leishmaniasis, umzekelo. Utofelo-gazi alusoloko luboniswa, kodwa kunokuba yimfuneko kwiimeko ezinzima ezifuna ukubuyela ngokukhawuleza, kuxhomekeka kwisizathu.