Isibetho

Umxholo

• Iintlobo zesibetho
• Isibetho seBubonic
• Isibetho se-Septic
• Isifo semiphunga
• Sisasazeka njani isibetho
• Iimpawu kunye neempawu zesifo
• Iimpawu zesibetho seBubonic
• Iimpawu zesifo se-Septic
• Iimpawu zesifo somoya
• Yintoni omele uyenze ukuba ucinga ukuba unokuba naso isibetho
• Sifunyanwa njani isibetho
• Unyango lwesibetho
• Umbono kwizigulana ezinesifo
• Ungasinqanda njani isibetho
• Isibetho kwihlabathi liphela

Siyintoni isibetho?

Esi sifo sisifo esosulelayo esibulalayo. Ngamanye amaxesha kuthiwa "sisibetho esimnyama," esi sifo sibangelwa sisifo esibizwa ngokuba yintsholongwane Yersinia pestis. Le bhaktiriya ifumaneka kwizilwanyana kwihlabathi liphela kwaye ihlala idluliselwa ebantwini ngeentakumba.

Umngcipheko wesibetho uphezulu kwiindawo ezinogutyulo lwelindle, ukuxinana kwabantu, kunye nenani elikhulu leempuku.

Ngamaxesha aphakathi, esi sibetho sasinoxanduva lokusweleka kwezigidi zabantu eYurophu.

Namhlanje, kunikwa ingxelo kuphela kwihlabathi liphela ngonyaka, kunye neziganeko eziphezulu e-Afrika.

Isibetho sisifo esiqhubela phambili ngokukhawuleza esingakhokelela ekufeni ukuba asinyangwa. Ukuba ukrokrela ukuba unayo, biza ugqirha ngoko nangoko okanye uye kwigumbi likaxakeka ukuze ufumane unyango kwangoko.

Iintlobo zesibetho

Zintathu iindlela ezisisiseko sesibetho:

Isibetho seBubonic

Olona hlobo luqhelekileyo lwesibetho sisibetho se-bubonic. Ihlala ikhontrakthi xa intuku eyosulelekileyo okanye intakumba ikuluma. Kwiimeko ezinqabileyo kakhulu, unokufumana iibhaktheriya kwizinto ezidibene nomntu osulelekileyo.

Isibetho seBubonic sichaphazela inkqubo yakho ye-lymphatic (icandelo lamajoni omzimba), sibangela ukuvuvukala kwii-lymph node zakho.Ukuba ayinyangeki, inokuhamba iye egazini (ibangele isifo septic) okanye imiphunga (ibangele isibetho seenyumoniya).

Isibetho se-Septic

Xa iibhaktheriya zingena egazini ngokuthe ngqo kwaye ziphindaphindeka apho, yaziwa ngokuba sisifo septicemic. Xa zingashiywanga zinganyangwa, zombini isifo se-bubonic kunye ne-pneumonia singakhokelela kwisifo septicemic.

Isifo semiphunga

Xa ibhaktiriya isasazeka okanye iqala ukusulela imiphunga, yaziwa ngokuba sisifo semiphunga - olona hlobo lubulalayo lwesifo. Xa umntu onesifo semiphunga ekhohlela, iintsholongwane ezisuka kwimiphunga yazo ziyagxothwa emoyeni. Abanye abantu abaphefumla loo moya banokuphuhlisa olu hlobo lwesifo esosulelayo, olunokubangela ubhubhane.

Isibetho se-pneumonic kuphela kwendlela yesibetho esinokudluliselwa komnye umntu siye emntwini.

Sisasazeka njani isibetho

Abantu bahlala benesibetho ngokulunywa ziintakumba ezakha zondla kwizilwanyana ezosulelekileyo ezinjengeempuku, iigundane, imivundla, oonomatse, izitshisi, kunye nezinja zethafa. Inokusasazeka ngokudibana ngqo nomntu osulelekileyo okanye isilwanyana okanye ngokutya isilwanyana esosulelekileyo.

Isibetho sinokusasazeka ngokukrwela okanye ukulunywa kwekhaya elosulelekileyo.

Kunqabile ukuba isibetho se-bubonic okanye isifo septicemic sisasazeka ukusuka komnye umntu ukuya komnye.

Iimpawu kunye neempawu zesifo

Abantu abanesifo sesibetho bahlala bekhula njengeempawu zomkhuhlane kwiintsuku ezimbini ukuya kwezintandathu emva kosulelo. Kukho ezinye iimpawu ezinokukunceda ukwahlula ezi ntlobo zintathu zesibetho.

Iimpawu zesibetho seBubonic

Iimpawu zesibetho sebubonic ngokubanzi zivela kwiintsuku ezimbini ukuya kwezintandathu zosulelo. Ziquka:

• umkhuhlane kunye nokugodola
• intloko ebuhlungu
• iintlungu zemisipha
• ubuthathaka ngokubanzi
• ukuxhuzula

Unokufumana iintlungu ezibuhlungu, ezidumbileyo, ezibizwa ngokuba yi-buboes. Ezi zivame ukuvela emgodini, emakhwapheni, entanyeni, okanye kwindawo yokulunywa sisinambuzane okanye ukuqala. Ii-buboes zezona zinika isibetho se-bubonic igama laso.

Iimpawu zesifo se-Septic

Iimpawu zesifo se-septicic zihlala ziqala kwiintsuku ezimbini ukuya kwezisixhenxe emva kokuvezwa, kodwa isifo septicism singakhokelela ekufeni ngaphambi kokuba kuvele iimpawu. Iimpawu zingabandakanya:

• intlungu zesisu
• urhudo
• isicaphucaphu nokugabha
• umkhuhlane kunye nokugodola
• ubuthathaka obukhulu
• ukopha (igazi alinakukwazi ukujiya)
• ukothuka
• ulusu lujika lube mnyama (ukubola)

Iimpawu zesifo somoya

Iimpawu zesifo se-pneumonic zinokubonakala ngokukhawuleza njengosuku olunye emva kokuvezwa ziintsholongwane. Ezi mpawu zibandakanya:

• ingxaki yokuphefumla
• iintlungu zesifuba
• ukukhohlela
• ifiva
• intloko ebuhlungu
• ubuthathaka ngokubanzi
• Isikhohlela esinegazi (amathe kunye ne-mucus okanye ubofu kwimiphunga)

Yintoni omele uyenze ukuba ucinga ukuba unokuba naso isibetho

Isibetho sisifo esisongela ubomi. Ukuba ukhe wafunyanwa ziimpuku okanye iintakumba, okanye ukuba utyelele indawo apho isifo saziwa khona, kwaye uvelisa iimpawu zesibetho, nxibelelana nogqirha wakho kwangoko:

• Yilungele ukuxelela ugqirha wakho malunga nayiphi na indawo yokuhamba kunye nemihla.
• Yenza uluhlu lwawo onke amayeza e-counter-counter, amayeza, kunye neziyobisi ozithathayo.
• Yenza uluhlu lwabantu abanonxibelelwano olusondeleyo nawe.
• Tshela ugqirha wakho malunga nazo zonke iimpawu zakho kwaye xa beqala ukubonakala.

Xa undwendwela ugqirha, igumbi likaxakeka, okanye naphi na apho bakhoyo abanye, nxiba imaski yotyando ukunqanda ukusasazeka kwesi sifo.

Sifunyanwa njani isibetho

Ukuba ugqirha wakho ukrokrela ukuba unesifo, baya kujonga ubukho bentsholongwane emzimbeni wakho:

• Uvavanyo lwegazi lunokuveza ukuba unesifo septic.
• Ukujonga isibetho se-bubonic, ugqirha wakho uya kusebenzisa inaliti ukuthatha isampuli yolwelo kwii-lymph node zakho.
• Ukujonga isibetho se-pneumonic, ulwelo luya kukhutshwa kwiindlela zakho zomoya ngombhobho ofakwa ezantsi kwempumlo okanye emlonyeni nasezantsi emqaleni. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-bronchoscopy.

Iisampulu ziya kuthunyelwa elabhoratri ukuze zihlolwe. Iziphumo zokuqala zinokuba zilungile kwiiyure nje ezimbini, kodwa uvavanyo lokuqinisekisa luthatha iiyure ezingama-24 ukuya kwezingama-48.

Rhoqo, ukuba isibetho sikrokreleka, ugqirha wakho uza kuqala unyango ngamayeza okubulala iintsholongwane ngaphambi kokuba kuqinisekiswe isifo. Kungenxa yokuba isibetho siqhubela phambili ngokukhawuleza, kwaye ukunyangwa kwangoko kunokwenza umahluko omkhulu ekuphulukeni kwakho.

Unyango lwesibetho

Esi sibetho yimeko esongela ubomi efuna ukhathalelo olungxamisekileyo. Ukuba sibhaqiwe sanyangwa kwangethuba, sisifo esinyangekayo sisebenzisa amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane aqhele ukufumaneka.

Ngaphandle konyango, isibetho se-bubonic sinokuphindaphindeka kwigazi (kubangele isifo septic) okanye kwimiphunga (kubangele isibetho se-pneumonic). Ukufa kunokwenzeka ngaphakathi kweeyure ezingama-24 emva kokuvela kwempawu yokuqala.

Unyango luhlala lubandakanya ii-antibiotics ezomeleleyo nezisebenzayo ezinjenge-gentamicin okanye i-ciprofloxacin, ulwelo olufakwa ngaphakathi, ioksijini, kwaye, ngamanye amaxesha, inkxaso yokuphefumla.

Abantu abanesifo semiphunga kufuneka babekelwe bucala kwezinye izigulana.

Abasebenzi bezonyango kunye nabanonopheli kufuneka bathathe amanyathelo angqongqo okuthintela ukufumana okanye ukusasaza isibetho.

Unyango luyaqhubeka iiveki ezimbalwa emva kokuba isisombululo somkhuhlane.

Nabani na odibene nabantu abanesifo semiphunga kufuneka naye abekwe iliso, kwaye bahlala benikwa i-antibiotics njengenyathelo lokuthintela.

Umbono kwizigulana ezinesifo

Isibetho sinokukhokelela kwisilonda esibuhlungu ukuba imithambo yegazi eminweni yakho kunye neenzwane ziphazamisa ukuhamba kwegazi kwaye zibangele ukufa kwizicwili. Kwiimeko ezinqabileyo, isibetho sinokubangela i-meningitis, ukudumba kwenwebu ejikeleze intambo yakho yomqolo kunye nengqondo.

Ukufumana unyango ngokukhawuleza kunokwenzeka ukuba kunqandwe isibetho ekubeni sibulale.

Ungasinqanda njani isibetho

Ukugcina inani leentonga lilawulwa ekhayeni lakho, emsebenzini, kunye neendawo zokuzonwabisa kunokuwunciphisa kakhulu umngcipheko wokufumana intsholongwane ebangela isifo. Gcina ikhaya lakho likhululekile kwiingqumba zomlilo ezixineneyo okanye iimfumba zamatye, ibrashi, okanye enye inkunkuma enokutsala iimpuku.

Khusela izilwanyana zasekhaya kwiintakumba usebenzisa iimveliso zolawulo lwentakumba. Izilwanyana zasekhaya ezihamba ngokukhululekileyo ngaphandle zinokuba nakho ukudibana neentakumba okanye izilwanyana ezinesifo.

Ukuba uhlala kwindawo apho isibetho saziwa ukuba senzeke khona, iCDC icebisa ukungavumeli izilwanyana ezihamba ngokukhululekileyo ngaphandle ukuba zilale ebhedini yakho. Ukuba isilwanyana sakho siyagula, funa uncedo kugqirha wezilwanyana kwangoko.

Sebenzisa iimveliso ezigxotha izinambuzane okanye izinambuzane ezigxothayo (ezifana) xa uchitha ixesha ngaphandle.

Ukuba uye wafunyanwa kwiintakumba ngexesha lesibetho, ndwendwela ugqirha wakho kwangoko ukuze iingxaki zakho ziqwalaselwe ngokukhawuleza.

Okwangoku alikho iyeza lokuthengisa elithengiswayo elichasene nesibetho e-United States.

Isibetho kwihlabathi liphela

Ubhubhane besifo sabulala izigidi zabantu (malunga nekota enye yabemi) eYurophu ngexesha lamaXesha Aphakathi. Yabizwa ngokuba “kukufa kwabantu abamnyama.”

Namhlanje umngcipheko wokuba nesibetho usezantsi kakhulu, uxelwe kuphela kwi-World Health Organisation (WHO) ukusukela ngo-2010 ukuya ku-2015.

Ukuqhamka kunxulunyaniswa neempuku ezosulelekileyo kunye neentakumba ekhaya. Ukuxinana kokuhlala kunye nococeko olubi nako kwandisa umngcipheko wesifo.

Namhlanje, uninzi lweziganeko zesibetho zenzeka e-Afrika nangona zivela kwenye indawo. Amazwe apho esi sifo sixhaphake kakhulu yiMadagascar, iDemocratic Republic of Congo nePeru.

Esi sifo sinqabile eUnited States, kodwa esi sifo sisemaphandleni asezantsi-ntshona kwaye, ngakumbi, eArizona, eColorado naseNew Mexico. Ubhubhane wokugqibela wesibetho eUnited States wenzeka ngo-1924 ukuya ku-1925 eLos Angeles.

E-United States, ingxelo yesilinganiso seminyaka esixhenxe ngonyaka. Uninzi luye lwaluhlobo lwesibetho se-bubonic. Akuzange kubekho tyala lokusasazeka komntu liye emntwini ezidolophini zase-US ukusukela ngo-1924.